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OUR SHARED NILE
The Nile River, spanning about 7,000 km and providing water to 400 million people across 11 countries, is crucial for food security and energy in the region. Political tensions exist between upstream countries like Ethiopia and downstream Egypt, particularly regarding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and historical treaties governing water allocation. Recent cooperative frameworks aim to promote equitable and sustainable water usage despite ongoing conflicts and negotiations.
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OUR SHARED NILE
- 1. OUR SHARED NILE:A source of water, food and energy for all. Presented At At the Kenya Metrological Department (Climate change secretariate) Presenter: Omondi Okwany Contact: cliffmode2006@gmail.com
- 2. The Nile andits tributraries • World longers rivers (from EAC to Mediterranean Sea) • It runs through 5 countries. • The Nile River system covers 11 countries. • Distance of the Nile about 7000km • it provides fresh water to 400 million people • Food security for Egypt’s polulation of 85million
- 3. Politics of theNile • Water security • Nile river System and basin (11 countries) • Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) (2007) • Egypt- The down stream and the major user • Upstream contributers-Kenya, DRC, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and Ethiopia • Economic development and political consideration of the upstream countries • Population increase and the need for water consuption
- 4. Conflict • 1959 sudan-egypttreaty of the nile. • Economic developments • Increase of water scarcity • Human interference in water supply • Demand for Energy (electricity Uganda and Ethiopia) • Inter state tention- Conflict between upstream and down stream • 2011-Egypt military tention to Ethiopia due to 6000 megawarts Hydroelectric dam on the blue nile (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in the boarder of Sudan and Ethiopia). • Egypts new valley project vs Ethiopias GERD project • 2015 Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan principle declarations of GERD • Changing power shaping developments. • Increase of water consuption in the upstream
- 5. Nile Base initiative(1999) • Transitional institution • Futher development of CFA • Cooperative sharing • Sharing substantial social economic benefits (2015) • Promoting pease and security (2015)
- 6. Cooperation Framework Agreement •Development of an institutional mechanism • 39 articles borrowed from the international water laws. • The enttebe draft developed in 2007 • 10 countries were involved in the Agreement minus South Sudan • CFA stalemate • EU, and World Bank’s interest in the CFA • Article 14 contested (cooperation issues ie article 4- equality and reasonable utility and article 5 obligation not to cause sifnificant harm).
- 7. CFA’s 15 Principles •Water security • Social economic value of water • Water as finite and vulnerable resource • Peaceful resolution of disputes • environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • Information sharing • Community interest • Information concerning planed measures • Protection and conservation • Cooperation • Sustainable development • Subsidiarity(protection planed and implemented at the lower level) • Equity and reasonable utility • Prevention of significant harm • The use of water within territory
- 8. Reference • Abdalla, I.H. (1971). The 1959 Nile Waters Agreement in Sudanese-Egyptian Relations. Middle Eastern Studies, 7(3), 329-341. • Mekonnen, D. Z. (2010). The Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement negotiations and the adoption of a ‘water security’paradigm: Flight into obscurity or a logical cul-de-sac? European Journal of International Law, 21(2), 421-440. • Metawie, A. F., & Sector, N. W. (2004). Lessons Learnt From Cooperation in the Nile Basin. Paper presented at the Fourth Biennial Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy. Retrieved from http://rosenberg. ucanr. org/forum4. cfm. • Mulat, A. G., & Moges, S. A. (2014). Assessment of the impact of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the performance of the High Aswan Dam. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2014. • Waterbury, J., & Whittington, D. (1998). Playing chicken on the Nile? The implications of microdam development in the Ethiopian highlands and Egypt's New Valley Project. Paper presented at the Natural Resources Forum.