The 1997 UN Watercourses Convention provides a framework for transboundary water governance that establishes transparent and predictable processes for states to reconcile competing interests over shared waters. While not yet in force, the Convention influences water diplomacy by undermining arguments based solely on principles of equitable utilization and no significant harm, and by leveling the playing field between basin states. Widespread ratification and entry into force of the Convention could further strengthen its influence by raising the profile of transboundary water issues and establishing its principles as persuasive standards in basin negotiations and agreements.
The UN Watercourses Convention: Regional and Basin Perspectives, by Dr. Alistair Rieu-Clarke, IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science under the auspices of UNESCO, University of Dundee, Scotland.
International Legal Regime for Transboundary Groundwater Iwl Pcu
Basic Challenges Faced with Transboundary Groundwater:
Low level of technical knowledge.
Definition of transboundary GW.
Pollution and over extraction.
Issues of land and water ownership at national level; customary water rights.
Issues of federal and state jurisdiction over GW.
Conflicting interests of states sharing aquifer.
International Conventions on Water. Iulia Trombitcaia. Environmental Affairs Officer, UNECE. International Annual UN-Water Zaragoza Conference 2012/2013
Preparing for the 2013 International Year. Water Cooperation: Making it Happen! 8-10 January 2013
Can international law solve transboundary water conflicts? by Dr. Alistair Rieu-Clarke, Senior Lecturer, IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science under the auspices of UNESCO, University of Dundee, Scotland.
The UN Watercourses Convention: Regional and Basin Perspectives, by Dr. Alistair Rieu-Clarke, IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science under the auspices of UNESCO, University of Dundee, Scotland.
International Legal Regime for Transboundary Groundwater Iwl Pcu
Basic Challenges Faced with Transboundary Groundwater:
Low level of technical knowledge.
Definition of transboundary GW.
Pollution and over extraction.
Issues of land and water ownership at national level; customary water rights.
Issues of federal and state jurisdiction over GW.
Conflicting interests of states sharing aquifer.
International Conventions on Water. Iulia Trombitcaia. Environmental Affairs Officer, UNECE. International Annual UN-Water Zaragoza Conference 2012/2013
Preparing for the 2013 International Year. Water Cooperation: Making it Happen! 8-10 January 2013
Can international law solve transboundary water conflicts? by Dr. Alistair Rieu-Clarke, Senior Lecturer, IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science under the auspices of UNESCO, University of Dundee, Scotland.
The UNECE Water Convention: obligations and practical application Iwl Pcu
Francesca Bernardini, Secretary
Presentation at the 2nd Targeted Workshop for GEF IW Projects in Africa on Economic Valuation in November 2012 in Addis Ababa.
Human right to water & water rights tradingWaterLex
This presentation was given at the University of Geneva to future commodity traders. The implications of a State's recognition of a basic human right to water on water trading schemes is addressed so as to open a discussion on organizational and legal implications as well as associated risks.
This presentation provides an introduction to the human right to water as defined under international human rights law, and its consequences on broader water management and governance.
It was initially developed for a lecture at the UNESCO Center for Water Law - at the University of Dundee - July 2011.
Lake Ontario Waterkeeper's submission on the Navigation Protection Act ReviewLOWaterkeeper
On Wednesday, November 30, 2016, Lake Ontario Waterkeeper submitted comments to the Government of Canada on changes made to the Navigation Protection Act (formerly, "Navigable Waters Protection Act") – one of Canada’s oldest laws. Until 2009, the law remained substantially unchanged, when sweeping changes to the legislation eliminated protections for the majority of navigable waters in Canada and focused the law on specific acts of navigation on waters of interest to the federal government. Waterkeeper was the only environmental organization to participate in the committee review prior to the 2009 changes, and again in 2012. Here are Waterkeeper's recommendations for the Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities’ consideration.
Pk wouters chatham house water security and international lawdaniel edwin
Water Security and International Law, The New Politics of Water Water Security and economic growth in emerging economies, presentation June 2011 by Prof Pat Wouters, IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science, to Chatham House, London.
The UNECE Water Convention: obligations and practical application Iwl Pcu
Francesca Bernardini, Secretary
Presentation at the 2nd Targeted Workshop for GEF IW Projects in Africa on Economic Valuation in November 2012 in Addis Ababa.
Human right to water & water rights tradingWaterLex
This presentation was given at the University of Geneva to future commodity traders. The implications of a State's recognition of a basic human right to water on water trading schemes is addressed so as to open a discussion on organizational and legal implications as well as associated risks.
This presentation provides an introduction to the human right to water as defined under international human rights law, and its consequences on broader water management and governance.
It was initially developed for a lecture at the UNESCO Center for Water Law - at the University of Dundee - July 2011.
Lake Ontario Waterkeeper's submission on the Navigation Protection Act ReviewLOWaterkeeper
On Wednesday, November 30, 2016, Lake Ontario Waterkeeper submitted comments to the Government of Canada on changes made to the Navigation Protection Act (formerly, "Navigable Waters Protection Act") – one of Canada’s oldest laws. Until 2009, the law remained substantially unchanged, when sweeping changes to the legislation eliminated protections for the majority of navigable waters in Canada and focused the law on specific acts of navigation on waters of interest to the federal government. Waterkeeper was the only environmental organization to participate in the committee review prior to the 2009 changes, and again in 2012. Here are Waterkeeper's recommendations for the Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities’ consideration.
Pk wouters chatham house water security and international lawdaniel edwin
Water Security and International Law, The New Politics of Water Water Security and economic growth in emerging economies, presentation June 2011 by Prof Pat Wouters, IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science, to Chatham House, London.
GEF Third Biennial International Waters Conference 2005: Legal Frameworks and...Iwl Pcu
Objectives of the convention
The overall objective is:
To promote regional co-operation to manage Lake Tanganyika sustainably, and this includes managing activities within the Lake basin which affect, or have the potential to affect, the Lake.
Recap of first day. Josefina Maestu, Director of UNW-DPAC. International Annual UN-Water Zaragoza Conference 2012/2013. Preparing for the 2013 International Year. Water Cooperation: Making it Happen! 8-10 January 2013
EPA Proposed “Waters of the United States” Ruleartba
EPA’s proposed “waters of the United States” rule extends federal authority too far and would lead to greater project delays, ARTBA explains to a joint House and Senate committees.
Effective transboundary water management calls for a wide range of dialogues across varying spectrums of stakeholders from government through civil society to corporate actors . The presentation shares an experienced review of evolving dialogue discourses in the Nile Basin
Report on Fostering Good Governance in the Water Sector - 6th World Water ForumOECD Governance
In 2011/12, 400 contributors in 6 taskforces worked together under OECD leadership, to develop concrete, measurable and achievable “solutions” to foster good governance in the water sector. These solutions were gathered in a synthesis report, produced for the 6th World Water Forum in Marseille.
Nine “Good Governance” official sessions were organised during the Forum, as well as 4 related sessions in the Regional Process of the 6th WWF.
This report was prepared with the contribution of the members of the “Good Governance” Core Group, and summarizes key messages and outcomes from the governance discussions in Marseille.
The report provides a summary of the governance sessions as well as the recommendations and commitments formulated during the Forum to support the implementation of the agreed-upon targets up to the 7th World Water Forum (12-17 April 2015, Korea).
For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/water
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Stockholm www2011
1. The 1997 UN Watercourses Convention: a multi-level governance perspective Stockholm World Water Week Seminar “ Strengthening Water Diplomacy in Transboundary Basins ” Dr Alistair Rieu-Clarke 22 nd August 2011
3. “ Existing agreements are sometimes not sufficiently effective to promote integrated water resources management due to problems at the national and local levels such as inadequate water management structures and weak capacity in countries to implement the agreements as well as shortcomings in the agreements themselves (for example, inadequate integration of aspects such as the environment, the lack of enforcement mechanisms, limited – sectoral – scope and non-inclusion of important riparian States)” – (UN-Water, Transboundary Waters: Sharing Benefits, Sharing Responsibilities, Thematic Paper, 2008)
4.
5. 1997 UN Watercourses Convention: Content Provides a transparent, legitimate and predictable process by which states can identify and reconcile their potentially competing interests of transboundary waters
6. How does a global legal framework instrument influence water diplomacy at the basin/ national level?
7. AE Cascão and M Zeitoun, 'Power, Hegemony and Critical Hydropolitics' in A Earle, A Jägerskog and J Öjendal (eds), Transboundary Water Management - Principles and Practice (Earthscan London 2010), at 30. International law, power and hydrodiplomacy
8. ‘… downstream countries can … mobilise structural factors, such as the codification of new legal ‘rules’ on watercourses to bring upstream riparians to cooperate, and therefore acquire enhanced structural power’ ** ‘… basin bullies can be susceptible to the powers of persuasion, and may be less likely to force an arrangement if they are held accountable to an objective standard , or risk being ‘named and shamed’’ . * M Zeitoun and A Jägerskog, 'Confronting power: strategies to support less powerful states' in A Jägerskog and M Zeitoun (eds), Getting Transboundary Water Right: Theory and Practice for Effective Cooperation (Stockholm International Water Institute Stockholm 2009), at 12. ** M Daoudy, 'Hydro-hegemony and international water law: laying claims to water rights' 10 Water Policy 89 (2008). International law, power and hydrodiplomacy
9. Brunée, J. & Toope, S.J., “ The Changing Nile Basin Regime: Does Law Matter? ” , 43 Harvard Journal of International Law 105 (2002) International law matters – water diplomacy in the Nile context Unresolved relationship between ‘ equitable utilisation ’ and ‘ no significant harm ’ leads to ‘ irreconcilable positions ’ Prior to adoption of 97 UN WC Following adoption of 97 UN WC ‘ The contradiction in the two fundamental principles has been effectively erased through their melding in the Watercourses Convention. As the most recent authoritative statement of international water law , the Convention has helped undermine the principles' capacity to structure opposing arguments.’ Following entry into force, widespread support ‘ Of course, the influence of the traditional rules cannot be erased overnight. Therefore, the new challenge to legitimacy will be to foster social practices along the Nile that have the capacity to generate adherence to emerging cooperative principles of water law…’
12. Why entry into force/ widespread support? In ratifying a treaty a state incurs a political and legal ‘cost’ that demonstrates sincerity of belief. Such a process also usually results from some level of consultation, involving heads of state, government, parliament, etc. Treaties reflect a State’s view of whether certain norms should be legally binding. If that practice is widespread and representative it can create customary international law even within a short time period. International law matters States take an interest in what other states do, which has a knock on effect. Entry into force could be a ‘tipping point’ for wider ratification. Raises profile of (transboundary) water issues at the global policy and agenda-setting levels. Cascade effect & global policy/ agenda setting Strengthens what counts as persuasive argument within basin negotiations. Levels the playing field between states. Marginal groups within countries can hold a State to account based on objective standards. International law & hydropolitics Can act to supplement existing architecture where a) no agreement exists at the basin level; b) not all basin states are party to a particular agreement; and c) basin agreements only partially cover areas contained within the 97 UN Watercourses Convention. Entry into force/ widespread support can act as a catalyst for treaty negotiation at the basin level. Addresses fragmentation
13. What will entry into force/ widespread support take? *Salman, SMA., ‘The United Nations Watercourses Convention Ten Years Later: Why Has its Entry into Force Proven Difficult?’, 32(1) Water International 1 (2007)
400 treaties related to transboundary watercourses across the world Zawahri and Mitchell observe that 42 per cent of watercourse treaties are bilateral, and amongst these treaties 67 per cent were signed on multilateral basins.
Decision to negotiate a framework agreement taken 3 key areas where a framework agreement might be of benefit, namely where, no governing regime for transboundary waters exists not all basin states were party to an existing agreement and an agreement only partially covered matters addressed by the rules
Strong emphasis on process Real strength of the agreement is that it provides a transparent, legitimate and predictable framework by which states can identify and reconcile their potentially competing interests of transboundary waters.
Could entry into force and widespread support help to foster joint ‘social practices’; such as a stronger adherence to the substantive and procedural norms contained within the 97 UN WC? Could entry into force even act as a catalyst for adopting and implementing basin agreement?