This document summarizes slides from cartilage and bone labs examining different types of cartilage and bone under the microscope. It describes the key characteristics of hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage, including their matrix composition and distribution of chondrocytes. For bone, it outlines the microscopic features of compact bone, cancellous bone, intramembranous ossification, and endochondral ossification, focusing on the presence of Haversian systems, bone trabeculae, ossification centers, and the epiphyseal plate zones.

1. Cartilage lab 7
- Hyaline cartilage ( trachea) x40.
- Elastic cartilage( ear pinna) x40.
- Fibro cartilage x40.

2. Hyaline cartilage
- Has homogeneous basophilic matrix.
- Chondrocytes present in isogenous groups inside the lacunae.
- Its covered by perichondrium.
- Chondroblasts are beneath the Perichondrium.

3. Elastic cartilage
-Has an abundant network of elastic fibers in addition
to collagen type II.
- Chondrocytes present in isogenous groups inside
lacunae.
-Covered by perichondrium.

4. Fibro cartilage
- Fibro-cartilage does not have perichondrium.
- The ground substance is little in amount.
-The matrix contains acidophilic bundles of type I collagen fibers.
- Chondrocytes present in rows in their lacunae between the collagen
bundles.

5. Bone lab 8
1- Compact bone x40.
2- Cancellous bone x10.
3- Intramembranous ossification x40
4- Endochondral ossification. x 10

6. Compact Bone
-Haversian system, consisting of bone lamellae organized concentrically
around a central canal called Haversian canal.
- Outer circumferential lamellae beneath the periosteum.
- Inner circumferential lamellae directly under the periosteum.
-Interstitial lamellae in-between the neighboring Haversian systems.
- Osteocyte present in lacunae between or within the bone lamellae.

7. Cancellous (spongy ) bone
- composed of branching and anastomosing bone trabeculae with bone marrow
spaces in between them.
-Haversian systems are absent in the thin trabeculae of cancellous bone.
- The bone trabeculae are formed of irregularly arranged bone lamellae with
osteocytes inside lacunae in between.
- The bone marrow cavities are lined by endosteum.

8. Intramembranous ossification
-It takes place within membranous condensations of mesenchymal tissue.
-In the ossification center, several bone spicules appear simultaneously
and fuse together.
-the bone formed has a spongy structure.

9. Showing epiphyseal plate , it contains 5 zone from epiphysis
to diaphysis :
1. Resting zone. 2.Proliferative zone.
3.Hyperatrophic zone. 4.Calcification zone.
5.Ossification zone