Easy and interesting know about carotenoids biosynthesis

1. CAROTENOIDS BIOSYNTHETIC
PATHWAY
PRESENTED BY: MADHU NATH

2.  Carotenoids are a family of isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in
nature.
 They are responsible for the typical yellow, orange, and red colours of
most fruits, flowers, and vegetables, and for the characteristic colours of
many birds, insects, fish, and crustaceous in taking carotenoids through
the diet.
 It is found in Chloroplast & Chromoplast of Plants & photosynthetic
bacteria(Cyanobacteria).
 Carotenoids are the precursor of Vitamins A & are powerful antioxidants
that helps in preventing some form of cancer and heart diseases.
INTRODUCTION

3.  Carotenoids are tetraterpenoids i.e. they are produced from 8
isoprene molecules & contain 40 carbon atoms.
 All Carotenoids demonstrate a basic structure which consist of
a hydrocarbon chain of varying length & varying types of end
groups.
 Carotenoids contains a conjugated backbone composed of
isoprene units.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
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4. 
STRUCTURES OF COMMON
CAROTENOIDS
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6. CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHETIC
PATHWAY
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9.  In higher plants, carotenoids also acts as accessory
pigments in the light-harvesting antennae of
chloroplast, transferring energy to chlorophylls, and
as precursors for biosynthesis of the phytohormones
abscisic acid (ABA), which controls abiotic stress
signalling pathways, and strigolactone, which
controls lateral shoot growth.
 Important role of carotenoids in higher plants is as
colouring agents in flowers and fruits to attract
pollinators and agents of seed dispersal.
 In mammalians, including humans, carotenoids
species containing a beta- ring can be converted into
retinal (visual pigment), retinol (Vitamin A), and
retinoic acid ( a substance that control
morphogenesis).
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF CAROTENOIDS
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10.  In human health are attributed to their antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory activities in vivo, which help to prevent certain cancers,
cardiovascular diseases, light- induced erythema, and diseases of eye
such as cataract and muscular degeneration.
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF CAROTENOIDS
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11.  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 www.genome.jp
 www.sciencedirect.com
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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