The document discusses caregiver stress experienced by those caring for individuals with epilepsy. It notes that caregiving permanently alters one's life trajectory and defines roles. Caregivers of those with epilepsy experience unique stress due to the unpredictable nature of seizures. The text outlines common psychological symptoms of stress like depression, physical signs to watch for, and recommends seeking support and utilizing coping strategies to manage stress and reduce burden. These include getting proper support, communicating needs, prioritizing self-care, and accessing community resources.
Headache in children -indexforpaediatrics.comdr-nagi
Headache is one of the commonest neurological symptoms in children and young people who are
referred to doctors. Headache refers to pain involving the orbits, forehead, scalp and temples but not
the face or neck. The primary headache includes chronic or recurrent headache and migraine. The
prevalence of chronic or recurrent headaches in children occur in 60-69% by the age of 7-9 years
and 75% by the age of 15 years. The prevalence of migraine in children is up to 28% of older
teenagers. The most serious cause of the secondary headache is brain tumor and the prevalence of
brain tumours in children is 3 per 100,000 per annum.
https://indexforpaediatrics.com
“Epilepsy and mental disorder are two states of illness of the very closest relationship; they represent identical pathological conditions in two different areas of the nervous system”
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an type of anxiety disorder , represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions.
Epilepsy and Seizure Response for Law Enforcement PersonnelMario Gonzalez
The EPILEPSY AND SEIZURE RESPONSE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL TRAINING seeks to provide law enforcement officers with seizure recognition, correct responses to seizures and awareness of the needs of people with epilepsy who might be taken into police custody.
Understand the relation of psychiatry and some common cause of organic brain diseases.
Identify common organic causes of psychiatric presentations
Differentiate dementia and delirium
Principle management of dementia
Identify neuro cognitive domains, differences between major and minor neurocognitive disorders
Headache in children -indexforpaediatrics.comdr-nagi
Headache is one of the commonest neurological symptoms in children and young people who are
referred to doctors. Headache refers to pain involving the orbits, forehead, scalp and temples but not
the face or neck. The primary headache includes chronic or recurrent headache and migraine. The
prevalence of chronic or recurrent headaches in children occur in 60-69% by the age of 7-9 years
and 75% by the age of 15 years. The prevalence of migraine in children is up to 28% of older
teenagers. The most serious cause of the secondary headache is brain tumor and the prevalence of
brain tumours in children is 3 per 100,000 per annum.
https://indexforpaediatrics.com
“Epilepsy and mental disorder are two states of illness of the very closest relationship; they represent identical pathological conditions in two different areas of the nervous system”
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an type of anxiety disorder , represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions.
Epilepsy and Seizure Response for Law Enforcement PersonnelMario Gonzalez
The EPILEPSY AND SEIZURE RESPONSE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL TRAINING seeks to provide law enforcement officers with seizure recognition, correct responses to seizures and awareness of the needs of people with epilepsy who might be taken into police custody.
Understand the relation of psychiatry and some common cause of organic brain diseases.
Identify common organic causes of psychiatric presentations
Differentiate dementia and delirium
Principle management of dementia
Identify neuro cognitive domains, differences between major and minor neurocognitive disorders
The stress response
Eustress vs. Distress
Stress Origins & Body Systems: Neurochemical and Endocrine
Symptoms
Stress Related Illnesses
Recognize the Problem: ABC Strategy
The Resilience Factor
Stress Management, Stress Reduction and Lifestyle Changes
Are you impacted by someone else’s cancer experience? Maybe it’s a loved one, a friend, or someone you’ve connected with online. If so, you may be familiar with compassion fatigue, which often affects people who are repeatedly exposed to loss, pain and suffering. Join this important webinar where Teresa Deshields, PhD, will explain how to identify compassion fatigue and how to manage it. This is a wonderful webinar for caregivers, loved ones, and patients.
With the ongoing opioid epidemic, availability or marijuana and other drugs addiction has become a problem with no class lines. The story of pain medication following surgery leading to opioid addiction and heroin is everywhere.
As Executive Protection you may not of thought of this as part of your job description , and you are in a unique position of Influence and Trust to identify and help intervene when the persons with problems are clients and their loved ones.
Coping after cancer – what does this mean and how can coping help you? Whether you’ve just been diagnosed with colorectal cancer or are managing side effects after treatment, you have been impacted greatly and life has likely changed.
Coping strategies can help you regain a sense of control, and learn that there is always hope for an improved quality of life. This webinar will touch on how to successfully integrate coping so you and your support team can face the road going forward.
Are you impacted by someone else’s cancer experience? Maybe it’s a loved one, a friend, or someone you’ve connected with online. If so, you may be familiar with compassion fatigue, which often affects people who are repeatedly exposed to loss, pain, and suffering. Join this important webinar where Teresa Deshields, Ph.D., will explain how to identify compassion fatigue and how to manage it. This is a wonderful webinar for caregivers, loved ones, and patients.
Mental Health is one aspect of an employees well-being. It important to create a culture and workplace where it's acceptable to talk about our Mental Health and eliminate the Stigma.
New Treatment Devices and Clinical Trials jgreenberger
Dr. Kathryn Davis from Penn Epilepsy Center present on new treatment devices and clinical trials for epilepsy. From the 2014 Epilepsy Education Exchange.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. “The passage through the states of
caregiving tends to permanently alter
the trajectory of the life-course,
detouring caregivers towards alternate
routes and destinations.”
3. Caregivers
There are only four kinds of people in this world:
Those who have been caregivers,
Those who currently are caregivers,
Those who will be caregivers, and
Those who will need caregivers.“
Rosalynn Carter
4. What is caregiving?
care·giv·er
Pronunciation: -ˌgi-vər
Function: noun
: a person who provides direct care (as for
children, elderly people, or the chronically ill)
— care·giv·ing -ˌgi-viŋ noun
5. What is stress?
Any change that necessitates
adaptation.
The response to this change
determines the impact stress can have
on your life
6. Caregiving: What it really
means
Love
Sacrifice
Sorrow
Reward
Resentment
Loss
Transition
Guilt
Anger
Empowerment
Family
7. Revising our definition of “caregiving”
“When one becomes a caregiver, one frequently
finds that the entirety of one’s life has been
restructured, both its social exterior and its
psychological consequences.”
8. How epilepsy is unique?
AD:
Relatively known course of illness
Predictability
Age of onset
More resources available
Seizure Disorder:
Course uncertain
Waiting for “when.”
Caregivers’ roles constantly vary
Age of onset
9. This can be a full
time job
Routinely making special arrangements with
the “team,”, therapists, and so on.
Structured, safe household
Foods
Places
10. Some quick facts related
to caregiving
Family caregivers who provide care 36
or more hours weekly are more likely
than noncaregivers to experience
symptoms of depression or anxiety. For
spouses the rate is six times higher; for
children caring for the parent the rate
is twice as high.
Cannuscio, C.C., Jones, C., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G.A., Berkman, L., & Rimm, E. (2002). Reverberation of
family illness: A longitudinal assessment of informal caregiver and mental health status in the
nurses’ health study. American Journal of Public Health (92), 305-1311.
11. Caregiving as a Career
“The caregiving career, therefore, is
not static: In addition to the present,
each phase embodies a history and
foreshadows a future”
Aneschensel et al. Profiles in caregiving (1995).
12. You don’t get to leave
your office
You can’t just “turn it off”
Huge emotional cost. Over time, this can lead to
a form of caretaker "burnout." For many, having
respite -- a chance to get away from home even
for a few hours a week -- can help reduce the
effects of stress. BUT……….
13. Often, caretakers continue to worry about day-
to-day responsibilities even during their brief
hours of respite. When this happens, they can
experience a drain on emotional well-being that
may impact them for some time to come.
15. SO what do we do?
Limit this emotional cost.
Admit that you will be affected.
Admit you MAY need help
Know what to look for
16. Components of
Stress
1. Physiological
Based on central nervous system arousal
2. Cognitive
Thoughts, self-statements, images associated
with perceived danger and uncontrollability
3. Behavioral
Escape, avoidance or disruption of performance
*The way these three components interact account
for spiraling effects of panic and anxiety
Craske, Meadows & Barlow (1994)
17. Here is what we look for
Physical
Feeling exhausted or lacking energy
Having problems breathing or chest pains
Increasing or high blood pressure
Racing heart rate
Grinding teeth during the day or at night
18. Here is what we look for
Thinking
Looking to blame situations or others
Having problems making decisions
Feeling out-of-control
Feeling confused
Having memory problems, confusion or poor
attention
Changing alertness
19. Here is what we look for
Emotional
Feeling anxious or guilt and/or grief
“I can’t do this on my own”
“I am not a good wife/mother/sister/brother.”
“I am angry at my father/mother”
Resentment
Feeling fatigue and agitated at the same
time
Struggling with hopelessness or
helplessness
Increasing irritability, fear, or intense
anger
20. Here is what we look for
Behavioral
Withdrawing from others
Unable to partake in daily tasks/chores
Laundry
Cooking
Self-care
Finances
Decisions put on hold
Eating more or less than usual
Increasing use of alcohol
Sleeping problems including insomnia and
nightmares
22. Additional Symptoms
Associated with Caregiver
Stress
Conflict with
spouse/children/extended family
Family gatherings become
strained
Abuse
Shame
Substance Abuse
Physical Illness
23. Caregiving and
Depression
Common in response to
constant demands of being a
caregiver
Caregiving does not cause
depression BUT caregivers
often sacrifice their own
physical and emotional need
Can manifest in various
ways
24. Caregiving and
Depression
Person who provides care
for someone with a
physical illness may be
more likely to suffer from
depression.
Women experience
depression at a higher
rate than men
25. Caregivers and
Depression: More on
Warning Signs!
Sadness and crying that won’t go away
Increased irritability
Ongoing fights with family members and friends
Physical sickness
Ongoing headaches, digestive problems, chronic pain
Change in sleep and eating patterns
Loss of interest in people/activities you once
enjoyed
26. Caregivers and
Depression: Look for
Warning Signs!
Feel need to hurt/yell at the
person you care for
Depend too much on alcohol or
drugs
Prescribed pills
Increased inability to properly
care for self
ADLs
Shopping, bill paying, cleaning,
f/u appointments
27. Caregivers and Depression:
Look for Warning Signs!
Important to consider
manifestation of depressive
symptoms based on gender
Male caregivers deal with
depression differently
Less likely to admit and get
diagnosed
More likely to self-treat
Fewer support people
28. Coping Mechanisms to Deal
with Depressive or Anxious
Symptoms:
PMR
Breathing Retraining
Guided Imagery
Proper nutrition
Exercise
Scheduling of pleasurable events
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Medication
29. Coping Mechanisms to Deal
with Depressive or Anxious
Symptoms:
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Play detective or scientist
Daily Mood/Activity Records
Thought-Tracking Forms
Overcome negative self-talk: “both/and” thinking
Dichotomous thinking
Ask for the help you need
Accept help that is offered
What does it mean to you as a person to need to ask
for help?
You can’t ‘fix’ this!
Recognize and accept that you have the RIGHT to
time off
30. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver Stress:
Check in on your physical health
Sleep changes
Appetite changes
Aches/pains
Headaches
Stomach
Joints
Fatigue
Communicate with your physician
Ask questions, record important information,
bring family members with you to appointments
or sit in on phone calls
31. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver Stress:
Make a list of all individual caregiving-related
tasks for the purpose of delegating
Utilize all aspects of your social support
network!
Identify tasks that are easier to ask for help
with than others:
Running Errands
Household Chores
Providing occasional meals
Carpooling/babysitting
32. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver Stress:
Gather information from your
HR office (Family and Medical
Leave Act)
Keep an emergency contact
list with you at work of
information, doctors and
resources
33. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver
Stress:
Continue (but revise) family holidays,
celebrations and cultural/family rituals
Need for ongoing human connections and support!
predictability rather than ambiguity.
Importance of planning for the future, as this
leads to new things to hope for
From a TV show you enjoy every Friday to a
scheduled outing once per month with a friend
34. Areas of Consideration
within the Family Unit
Revision of family roles
Traditional roles/unspoken rules
Across generations
Awareness of family rules
“We will always take care of our
family.”
Are certain family members
‘excused’ from caregiving and
why?
35. Not a “One Size Fits All
Approach”
We must take into consideration caregivers’ unique characteristics
when implementing or offering caregiver programs with the goal of
reducing burden:
Cultural/Personal Factors
Who is caretaker? (adult child vs. spouses)
Resiliency of caretaker
Education of disease process
Race, sex, gender, level of acculturation
Needs differ based on
Financial situation
Employment situation
Education
Existing support network
Culture
36. Ask For Help!!!
Take steps before you reach a
crisis point.
The Catch-Up game
Asking for help does NOT make
you WEAK
38. Overview of Various Types of
Caregiver Support and
Interventions:
Workshops
Support Groups
Psychoeducational Groups
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Problem Solving Skills Groups Individual
Counseling and Behavioral Training
Family Therapy
Care coordination/management
Technological support (Teleconference,
internet)
39. The past is in our memories, the future in our
dreams, the present is our only reality.
Don’t let stress steal from you the present
moment.
LET IT GO, LET IT GO, RELAX, RELEASE AND
REVIVE