Cardiovascular notes heart
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The cardiovascular system chapter describes the layers of the heart including the outer pericardium, middle myocardium and inner endocardium. It notes the heart contains 4 chambers - 2 atria that receive blood and 2 ventricles that pump blood. Septums divide the chambers to prevent mixing. Valves including the tricuspid, bicuspid and semilunar valves regulate blood flow. The conduction system controls heart rhythm starting from the sinoatrial node and propagating through the atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. The cardiac cycle involves coordinated relaxation and contraction of the atria and ventricles. Heart rate is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and chemicals like epinephrine.
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Your heart is the main organ of your cardiovascular system, a network of blood vessels that pumps blood throughout your body. It also works with other body systems to control your heart rate and blood pressure. Your family history, personal health history and lifestyle all affect how well your heart works.
What is the heart?
The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It's the primary organ of your circulatory system.
Your heart contains four main sections (chambers) made of muscle and powered by electrical impulses. Your brain and nervous system direct your heart’s function.
What is the heart’s function?
Your heart’s main function is to move blood throughout your body. Your heart also:
Controls the rhythm and speed of your heart rate.
Maintains your blood pressure.
How does your heart work with other organs?
Your heart works with other body systems to control your heart rate and other body functions. The primary systems are:
Nervous system: Your nervous system helps control your heart rate. It sends signals that tell your heart to beat slower during rest and faster during stress.
Endocrine system: Your endocrine system sends out hormones. These hormones tell your blood vessels to constrict or relax, which affects your blood pressure. Hormones from your thyroid gland can also tell your heart to beat faster or slower.
Where is your heart located?
Your heart is located in the front of your chest. It sits slightly behind and to the left of your sternum (breastbone). Your ribcage protects your heart.
Where is your heart located?
Your heart is located in the front of your chest. It sits slightly behind and to the left of your sternum (breastbone). Your ribcage protects your heart.
What side is your heart on?
Your heart is slightly on the left side of your body. It sits between your right and left lungs. The left lung is slightly smaller to make room for the heart in your left chest.
On average, an adult’s heart weighs about 10 ounces. Your heart may weigh a little more or a little less, depending on your body size and sex.
What are the parts of the heart’s anatomy?
The parts of your heart are like the parts of a house. Your heart has:
Walls.
Chambers (rooms).
Valves (doors).
Blood vessels (plumbing).
Electrical conduction system (electricity).
Heart walls
Your heart walls are the muscles that contract (squeeze) and relax to send blood throughout your body. A layer of muscular tissue called the septum divides your heart walls into the left and right sides.
Your heart walls have three layers:
Endocardium: Inner layer.
Myocardium: Muscular middle layer.
Epicardium: Protective outer layer.
The epicardium is one layer of your
The heart
The document describes the structure and function of the heart. It discusses the location of the heart in the mediastinum and its external and internal anatomy. The four chambers of the heart (right and left atria and ventricles) are described along with the valves that regulate blood flow. The circulations of blood through the pulmonary system and systemic circulation are also summarized. Key details about the layers of the heart wall, coronary circulation and blood flow through arteries, capillaries and veins are provided.
Introduction to CVS ZMCh.pptx
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It describes the four chambers of the heart, including the two atria that receive blood and two thick-walled ventricles that pump blood. The left ventricle must work harder than the right ventricle due to higher systemic resistance. Valves including the tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary and aortic valves are described. Their roles in regulating blood flow and sounds produced from their closure are also summarized. The conducting system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers is briefly outlined. Finally, the document lists references for further reading on cardiac anatomy and physiology.
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Cardiovascular notes heart
- 3. LAYERS OF THE HEART • Pericardium • Outer layer; protects heart • Pericardial fluid between pericardium and epicardium reduces friction • Epicardium • Attached to the surface of the heart • Myocardium • Cardiac muscle fibers, involuntary, striated, connected by intercalated discs • Endocardium • Squamous epithelium lines inside of myocardium • Covers valves of heart and tendons
- 7. Chambers of the Heart The human heart contains 4 chambers. This varies in other animals. The number of chambers directly relates to how efficient the oxygenation process is. The human heart is divided by the interatrial septum in the atria and the interventricular septum in the ventricles. This ensures no blood mixing.
- 11. VALVES • Atrioventricular (AV) lie between atria and ventricles with blood pushed through by pressure • Tricuspid on right side • Bicuspid (mitral) on left side • Semilunar prevent blood from flowing back into the heart so blood flows from ventricles to arteries • Pulmonary – between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk • Aortic – between left ventricle and aorta
- 15. Vocabulary Words 4 layers of the heart Heart chambers Vena cava-superior and inferior Coronary sinus Pulmonary artery aorta
- 16. BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEART • Coronary arteries • Feed the myocardium • Originate from ascending aorta • Right feeds right side (largest) • Left feeds left side • Deoxygenated blood collects in coronary sinus
- 19. Conduction •1% of heart cells generate action potential (ap) –Pacemaker sets rhythm for heart –Conducting system propagates action potentials throughout the heart 1. Excitation at sinoatrial node (SA) to both atria which contract 2.Also excites atrioventricular node (AV) where ap slows for atria to empty
- 20. Conduction 3. Action potential enters AV bundle in ventricular septum 4. To Purkinje fibers and ventricles contract –The SA node generates action potentials 100 times per minute, faster than any other region so this is the pacemaker for the heart.
- 22. Vocabulary Words Tricuspid valve Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles Bicuspid (mitral) valve Pulmonary valve Aortic valve
- 23. Electrocardiogram P wave -depolarization -spreads from SA node -contraction of atria
- 24. Electrocardiogram QRS complex -onset of ventricular depolarization -spreads through the ventricles
- 25. Electrocardiogram T wave -ventricular repolarization occurs before ventricles relax
- 27. Cardiac Cycle relaxation contraction relaxation
- 28. • Two atria contract while ventricles relax and visa-versa • Relaxation period • all 4 chambers in diastole • ventricle pressure drops and AV valves open • T wave • Atrial systole (contraction) • atria contract • last of blood into ventricles • P wave • Ventricular systole (contraction) • contraction of ventricles • AV valves close and Semilunar valves open • QRS complex
- 29. • Heart Sounds: • Lubb – AV valves closing • Dubb – SLV valves closing; short; sharp sound
- 30. REGULATION OF HEART RATE • Autonomic • Originates in medulla oblongata • sympathetic • conduction system, and chambers • parasympathetic • vagus nerve • neuro and chemoreceptors • Chemical • hormones: epinephrine and norepinephrine • ions: Na+ , K+ , Ca2+
- 32. Vocabulary Words Sinoatrial node (SA) Atrioventricular node (AV) Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His) Purkinje fibers EKG or ECG Diastole Systole