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The Heart: Structure, Cardiac Cycle, Circulation
- 1. The heart: Structure and Cardiac cycle
- 6. The basic structure of the human heart Left side Right side
- 8. So you have to be able to Name 1 - 10
- 9. You should find this an easy question
- 10. Don’t forget about those tendons
- 11. The cardiac cycle … is is a cycle - there isn’t really a start or end –it goes round & round… When we talk about it we usually start from the point just after blood has been ejected from the heart.
- 12. The cardiac cycle Key point: The contraction of the heart in the cardiac cycle is top down, bottom up - the atria act as pump primers (they ensure that the ventricles are stretched before they contract.)
- 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. The cardiac cycle
- 16. The cardiac cycle 1. isometric relaxation . All valves closed - atria and ventricles relaxed (in diastole). Blood is flowing into the atria from the main veins. As this blood fills the atria the pressure in the atria begins to rise 1.
- 17. 2. This causes the AV valves to open (atrial pressure > ventricular) blood flows through atria to ventricles. This is the rapid filling phase. Atria & ventricles relaxed (diastole) SL valves closed. Blood flow into the heart slows then ceases as pressure in the heart equals pressure in the veins. 2. The cardiac cycle
- 18. 3. 3. Atrial systole . Atria contract (systole) blood forced into ventricles, As soon as Atria relax (diastole) the pressure in the atria drops below the ventricles so AV valves snap shut The cardiac cycle
- 19. 4. Ventricular systole . Ventricles start to contract (systole) there’s a short period of isometric contraction the ventricles contract causing pressure in the ventricles to increase but no blood moves (SL valves still closed). Quickly the pressure in the ventricles exceeds that in the arteries this opens the SL valves and ejection occurs. 4. The cardiac cycle
- 20. 4.5 Just after Ventricular systole ! As soon as the ventricles start to relax the pressure in the ventricles drops… The SL valves snap shut … and we go - back to the start again The cardiac cycle
- 21. 1. 2. 3. 4. The cardiac cycle
- 22. http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/31/cardiacmenu.swf http://medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html Cardiac cycle animations
- 23. The cardiac cycle – Pressure, volume, valves, systole and diastole… All in one key diagram
- 27. This is why that graph needs learning
- 28. why that graph needs learning
- 29. Control of the cardiac cycle
- 30. Bundle of His Purkyne tissue The conduction system of the heart
- 32. Bundle of His Purkyne tissue The conduction system of the heart
- 35. The end
Editor's Notes
- This can be Q&A – possibly even giving people a number to think about and then coming back to them – lends itself to working the room I think.
- Again Q&A with the audience
- Maybe here after a bit of Q&A give them a short snappy sentence for (ii) that they can scribble down into their notes Like these tendons prevent the valve flaps from folding back on themselves. Therefore only allowing the valves to open in one direction.
- This slide starts the series about the cardiac cycle – I was anticipating a lively ‘talk through’ of the whole process advancing the slide at each stage. I’ve only mentioned 4 distinct phases – they may be used to more from however they’ve been taught – I was going to emphasise that it’s the main bits to learn on this slide actually whats going on – not the names of stages
- I’ve taken out a lots of the wording form the h/o to keep the slide clean - [the main purpose of this is to stretch the wall of the ventricles because this allows them to contract more forcibly]
- By now they should be getting the idea about relax - pressure – effect on valve. I’ve added a basic bit of animation so the paragraphs come in on mouse click – this will let you do a can you guess whats going to happen? Type prompt.
- I was just going to remind people these links are in the notes and can be used to reinforce the process.
- Although important this diagram is too complex to go through in a talk setting I feel – I think I’d stress the importance of understanding it.
- And use this as an example of why we need to understand it
- If there is time and the projection facilities are great this could be a Q&A question
- More realistically this can be used and the question could be where does the SL valve open – a laser pointer can then be used to give the answer (if there is overload of this graph you could hide / delete some of the earlier slides)
- Maybe a little note here that if they say Purkinje fibres fine no problem – but increasingly all exam boards are now using the term Purkyne tissue.
- Finish with a quick Q&A on the coordination.