This document describes several cardiovascular procedures: ECG records the electrical activity of the heart over time using skin electrodes. Holter monitoring continuously records various electrical heart activity for hours to days on a portable device, commonly to observe arrhythmias. Doppler ultrasonography uses the Doppler effect to assess blood flow direction and velocity. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart and blood flow. MUGA cardiac scans evaluate right and left ventricular function through nuclear medicine and provide a more accurate ejection fraction than ECHO or angiogram. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions through examination of coronary arteries, cardiac chambers, and valves.

1. Cardiovascular
Procedures
- QI HE

2. ECG - electrocardiography
 the process of recording
the electrical activity of the
heart over a period of time
using electrodes placed on
the skin.
 Indication: commonly used
as screen test , and assess
overall heart condition by
interpretation of hart
electronical activity.

3. Holter monitor
 Continuously monitoring
various electrical activity of the
cardiovascular system for a
period of a few hours to a few
days on a portable recording
device
 most common use is for
monitoring heart activity and
sometimes for observing
occasional cardiac arrhythmias
which would be difficult to
identify in a shorter period by
ECG.

4. Difference in ECG and Holter
Monitor
 ECG is always done in
minutes.
 Indication: always ordered
as a screen test for heart
condition.
 Holter Monitoring is done
in hours or days.
 Indication: common
ordered only for occasional
cardiac arrhythmias.

5. Doppler ultrasonography
 employ the Doppler effect to
assess whether structures
(usually blood flow) are moving
towards or away from the
probe, and its relative velocity.
 Indication: assess the abnormal
blood flow and underlying
structure of cardiovascular
system.

6. ECHO - Echocardiography
 one of the most widely used
diagnostic tests in cardiology
 a diagnostic test that
uses ultrasound waves to create
an image of the heart and blood
flow (by Doppler probe).
 Indication: assess abnormal
heart conditions in structure
and pump function.

7. MUGA Cardiac Scan
 Nuclear medicine test
designed to evaluate the
function of the right and left
ventricles of the heart
 Provides a more accurate
representation of cardiac
ejection fraction.
 Advantage of a MUGA scan
over an ECHO or Angiogram is
due to its accuracy.
Furthermore, an angiogram is
invasive and, often, more
expensive

8. Cardiac Catheterization
 a invasive procedure used to
diagnose and treat
cardiovascular conditions
 Includes mainly coronary
catheterization and
catheterization of cardiac
chambers and valves of the
cardiac system.
 Procedure shown at the right is
PCTA + Stent.