definition

1. 1
CARBOHYDRATE
Mr.M.RAGU
Assistant Professor of
Chemistry
Vivekananda College
Tiruvedakam West – 625234

8. II. Glucose
 Structure elucidation of glucose:
1- Molecular formulae C6H12O6
2-
The reaction indicate that glucose contain carbonyl groups

9. 3- Mild oxidation of glucose with bromine water gives
gluconic acid, also glucose gives positive with
tollen’s reagent, this means that glucose contains –
CHO group.
4- Mild oxidation of glucose gives gluconic acid

10. 5-Strong oxidation gives glucaric acid (sacchric acid)
This reaction indicates that glucose contain terminal
primary alcohol

11. 6-
The above reaction showed that glucose is not branched

12. 7-
The reaction shows that glucose contains five –OH groups

13. 8- glucose react with HCN to give cyanohydrin which
gives heptanoic acid on hydrolysis followed by
heating with HI

14. From above reactions, glucose has the following
structure.
•
‫إثبات‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫كونها‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫التفاعالت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫الحظ‬
‫لتركيب‬
Glucose
‫تفاعالت‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫تكتب‬ ‫فإنها‬
Glucose
‫و‬
‫تكوين‬ ‫تفاعل‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫يضاف‬
Osazone
‫أيضا‬‫و‬
‫فيها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التفاعالت‬
‫ى‬
‫أخر‬ ‫يات‬‫ر‬‫سك‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الجلوكوز‬ ‫تحويل‬
.

15.  Action of phenylhydrazine on glucose and
fructose (formation of Osazone):
(A) Glucose

16. (B) Fructose

17. Question:
write on the following:
Action of phenylhydrazine on glucose.
Glucose and fructose give the same osazone.
Complete the following equation:
Glucose + 3 PhNHNH2

18. Conversion of glucose to fructose or conversion of aldoses to ketoses