This document is a capstone project that examines the causes of failures among African American males in America. It begins with an abstract that outlines the research question, background on the issue, purpose of the study, and proposed methodology. The introduction then provides more context on the literature reviewed and the research plan, which will involve surveys and interviews to understand psycho-social, political, economic, and educational issues faced by African American males. The literature review examines demographic and statistical issues related to disproportionate incarceration of African Americans. It also explores concepts of racism and stereotypes of African American men. One study looks at individual, cultural, and structural causes of intimate partner violence among African American men.
The document provides information about blood and blood donation. It discusses that blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It explains blood types and Rh factors. The document encourages blood donation by noting that donated blood can save multiple lives and is always needed for accident victims, cancer patients, and others. It describes the blood donation process, including donor screening, eligibility criteria, the donation procedure, and post-donation advice. The document emphasizes that regular blood donation is safe and benefits both donors and recipients.
This document discusses various bioethical issues related to patient safety in clinical practice and research. It begins by defining bioethics and describing when an issue becomes an ethical one. It then discusses key principles like autonomy, beneficence and justice. Specific issues covered include informed consent and its components, disclosure, capacity, voluntariness and exceptions. Research ethics guidelines and principles are also summarized, including issues like clinical equipoise, dual role of doctors, informed consent in research, and managing conflicts of interest.
Thalassemia is a blood disorder caused by variants or missing genes that affect hemoglobin production. There are two main types: alpha thalassemia affects alpha globin gene expression, while beta thalassemia is caused by a deficiency in beta globin production. People with beta thalassemia experience anemia and other health issues due to the lack of functional hemoglobin in red blood cells. Treatment involves regular blood transfusions combined with iron chelation therapy or bone marrow transplants in severe cases.
This document provides information about an upcoming blood donation camp organized by Bangalore Medical Services Trust & Research Institute and Rotary TTK Blood Bank. It discusses the need for blood donations, the donation process, donor eligibility criteria, how donated blood is tested and used, and the benefits of regular blood donation. Donating blood can save multiple lives, yet less than 5% of eligible people in India donate. The camp aims to encourage more regular donations to meet the growing demand for safe blood.
This document discusses treatments for bleeding and anticoagulation. It begins by defining anticoagulants as drugs that prevent blood clotting and notes they can be used as medications. It then discusses different types of anticoagulant medications including new oral anticoagulants and coumarins. Coumarins like warfarin are derived from plants and take 2-3 days to take effect. The document also notes the risks of coumarin therapy and lists some available agents. It concludes with an overview of symptoms common to many types of anemia such as fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
The document discusses the importance of blood donation. It notes that blood is a scarce resource worldwide, with only 16% of the blood supply coming from voluntary donors. Blood carries oxygen, fights infections, and stops bleeding. It is composed of red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and white blood cells. Regular blood donation is beneficial as it helps maintain healthy iron and cholesterol levels. Donating blood can help save lives of accident victims, surgery patients, and those with blood disorders, cancers, or medical conditions. The donation process involves screening, a medical exam, and blood collection that takes less than an hour.
ABO and Rh blood type incompatibilities between mother and fetus can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn. ABO incompatibility is more common but less severe, as the mother's naturally occurring antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs starting from the first pregnancy. Rh incompatibility is less common but more severe, as sensitization only occurs after the first Rh-positive pregnancy, allowing subsequent pregnancies to be affected. Clinical management includes phototherapy, exchange transfusions, and Rh immune globulin shots to prevent sensitization. Understanding the biochemical basis of blood group antigens and maternal-fetal immune response is important for managing these conditions.
The document provides information about blood and blood donation. It discusses that blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It explains blood types and Rh factors. The document encourages blood donation by noting that donated blood can save multiple lives and is always needed for accident victims, cancer patients, and others. It describes the blood donation process, including donor screening, eligibility criteria, the donation procedure, and post-donation advice. The document emphasizes that regular blood donation is safe and benefits both donors and recipients.
This document discusses various bioethical issues related to patient safety in clinical practice and research. It begins by defining bioethics and describing when an issue becomes an ethical one. It then discusses key principles like autonomy, beneficence and justice. Specific issues covered include informed consent and its components, disclosure, capacity, voluntariness and exceptions. Research ethics guidelines and principles are also summarized, including issues like clinical equipoise, dual role of doctors, informed consent in research, and managing conflicts of interest.
Thalassemia is a blood disorder caused by variants or missing genes that affect hemoglobin production. There are two main types: alpha thalassemia affects alpha globin gene expression, while beta thalassemia is caused by a deficiency in beta globin production. People with beta thalassemia experience anemia and other health issues due to the lack of functional hemoglobin in red blood cells. Treatment involves regular blood transfusions combined with iron chelation therapy or bone marrow transplants in severe cases.
This document provides information about an upcoming blood donation camp organized by Bangalore Medical Services Trust & Research Institute and Rotary TTK Blood Bank. It discusses the need for blood donations, the donation process, donor eligibility criteria, how donated blood is tested and used, and the benefits of regular blood donation. Donating blood can save multiple lives, yet less than 5% of eligible people in India donate. The camp aims to encourage more regular donations to meet the growing demand for safe blood.
This document discusses treatments for bleeding and anticoagulation. It begins by defining anticoagulants as drugs that prevent blood clotting and notes they can be used as medications. It then discusses different types of anticoagulant medications including new oral anticoagulants and coumarins. Coumarins like warfarin are derived from plants and take 2-3 days to take effect. The document also notes the risks of coumarin therapy and lists some available agents. It concludes with an overview of symptoms common to many types of anemia such as fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
The document discusses the importance of blood donation. It notes that blood is a scarce resource worldwide, with only 16% of the blood supply coming from voluntary donors. Blood carries oxygen, fights infections, and stops bleeding. It is composed of red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and white blood cells. Regular blood donation is beneficial as it helps maintain healthy iron and cholesterol levels. Donating blood can help save lives of accident victims, surgery patients, and those with blood disorders, cancers, or medical conditions. The donation process involves screening, a medical exam, and blood collection that takes less than an hour.
ABO and Rh blood type incompatibilities between mother and fetus can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn. ABO incompatibility is more common but less severe, as the mother's naturally occurring antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs starting from the first pregnancy. Rh incompatibility is less common but more severe, as sensitization only occurs after the first Rh-positive pregnancy, allowing subsequent pregnancies to be affected. Clinical management includes phototherapy, exchange transfusions, and Rh immune globulin shots to prevent sensitization. Understanding the biochemical basis of blood group antigens and maternal-fetal immune response is important for managing these conditions.
This document provides information about an upcoming blood donation camp at Thiagarajar College of Engineering in Madurai, India on March 23, 2011. It notes that donating blood is safe and can save up to 3 lives. It provides facts about blood donation rates in India and eligibility requirements for donors. The document encourages regular blood donation and outlines the blood donation and medical examination process.
It consists of slides about blood, various blood groups , pre-transfusion testing , blood products , conditions where blood transfusion is indicated and the various complications of blood transfusion in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Organ & Tissue Donation Awareness with Recent AdvancesAmol Patil
The Presentation gives brief information about recent statistics of Organ donation figures, problem statement and Recent amendments in Law.
It also mentions some examples of positive changes in view of Organ Donation in India.
Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them, leading to anemia. In hemolytic anemia, red blood cells have a significantly shortened lifespan of around 15 days compared to the normal 120 days. Clinical features include pallor, jaundice, an enlarged spleen, gallstones, and skeletal abnormalities. Examination of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow can provide clues to the underlying cause by revealing abnormalities in red blood cell shape.
Presented at Kansas City University of Osteopathic Medicine 10/27/15 in Lecture Series in Bioethics. See live presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr3g3PeVKeo
Low Health Literacy in the Older Adult: Identification & Intervention power p...Jeanne Baus
Low Health Literacy in Older Adults is a common challenge for home health care nurses. This powerpoint addresses how to identify low health literacy levels and how to effectively meet the patient needs to improve health education goals and outcomes.
I apologize, I do not see any faces in the provided text. The document appears to be about hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder. It discusses causes, classifications by severity, management strategies, and dental considerations for treating patients with hemophilia. However, there are no images included that I could identify faces in.
Presentation is about donating blood and its importance.
Before you use the presentation please email me.
Creator: Emin Aktas
Email address: eminaktaszxc@gmail.com
This presentation made for course ELTE120. (Persuasive Speech)
Teacher's name: AHMET ERSOY HIDIROĞLU
Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus
BLOOD DONATION & ITS IMPORTANCE
*INTRODUCTION;
-Why you should donate blood?
-Health benefits of blood donation .
-How much blood can be taken?
-Tips for a successful blood donation.
-Blood type & matches .
-Conclusion.
--------------------------------------
*WHY YOU SHOULD DONATE BLOOD?
-There is no substitute for blood.
-Every 3 seconds someone needs a blood transfusion.
-Your donation will help save the life of up to 3 people .
-Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can give to another person.The Gift of Life.
--------------------------------------
*HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLOOD DONATION
-The joy of saving human lives!
-Reduce the risk of Heart Diseases.
-Reduces the risk of Cancer.
-Help get rid of negative feelings.
--------------------------------------
*HOW MUCH BLOOD CAN BE TAKEN?
-Our body has 5.5 liter of blood.Only 350-450 ml of blood can be taken.
-The withdrawn blood volume is restored within 24 hours & haemoglobin and cell components are restored in 2 months.
-It is safe to donate blood every three months
--------------------------------------
*TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL BLOOD DONATION.
-Take light refreshment/food before blood donation. (2 hours before.)
-Person who has consumed alchocol should avoid giving blood for next 24 hours.
-Person who had undergone major surgery should avoid blood donation for 6 months.
-Avoid doing any vigorous exercise or heavy lifting the day of your donation, both before and after you’ve given blood.
--------------------------------------
*BLOOD TYPE & MATCHES
--------------------------------------
*CONCLUSION
Life is full of surprises, and you may find yourself in the same predicament in future so make an effort and donate blood today and save a life.
Anemia is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. It can be caused by insufficient iron, vitamin B12, or folate intake; blood loss; or impaired red blood cell production. Dietary management of anemia focuses on improving intake of iron, vitamin B12, and folate through foods or supplements. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplementation, changes to diet, and treating the primary condition causing the anemia.
Donating blood can save lives in emergency situations like accidents, surgeries, and childbirth complications. It summarizes the need for blood donations in Bangladesh, where only 25% of the required blood supply comes from voluntary donors. Regular blood donation provides health benefits like lowering cholesterol and blood pressure. It also reduces the risks of heart disease and cancer. Before donating, donors are screened and their blood is tested to ensure the safety of the blood supply.
This document discusses cultural diversity in health care. It defines culture and explains that cultural diversity manifests both obviously through factors like religion, ethnicity, and gender, as well as less obviously through age, education, mobility, and sexual orientation. The document emphasizes that healthcare workers must be culturally competent by understanding how personal biases and values influence communication with patients from diverse backgrounds. It provides tips for acquiring cultural competence, such as being aware of different cultural health beliefs, customs, and language barriers when providing care.
Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by an inherited deficiency of coagulation factors, most commonly factor VIII or IX. It is transmitted through females who are carriers but do not have symptoms. There are three main types defined by which clotting factor is deficient. Symptoms include bleeding into joints, muscles, internal organs, and the brain. The severity depends on the level of functioning clotting factor, ranging from severe for levels under 1% to mild for levels of 6-30%. Diagnosis involves family history, measuring clotting factor levels, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Management focuses on replacing the missing clotting factor through various products or desmopressin. Complications can
This document discusses spiritual care at the end of life. It begins by outlining two approaches to experiencing dying - restoration, associated with modern medicine, and transformation, associated with traditional and spiritual practices.
It then defines spirituality, spiritual care, and who provides spiritual care. Spiritual care recognizes and responds to human spirit needs, through compassionate relationships and addressing needs like meaning, faith, or expression. It is provided not just by chaplains but by all staff.
The document notes signs of spiritual distress like tears or anger, and potential triggers like trauma, bad news, or isolation. It offers guidelines for non-chaplain staff responding to spiritual needs through listening, presence, and referral. Empathetic presence
medicine.Bleeding disorders.(dr.sabir) (new powerpoint)student
1. The document discusses various bleeding disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It describes disorders of platelets like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and disorders of coagulation factors like hemophilia A.
2. Diagnostic tests for bleeding disorders include complete blood count, platelet count, aPTT, PT, and bleeding time. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, steroids, IVIG, splenectomy, clotting factor replacement, and controlling any precipitating conditions.
3. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be triggered by sepsis, trauma, malignancy and results from activation
Anemia is a medical condition where the red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. It can be caused by blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions that impair red blood cell production. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplements, vitamin supplements, blood transfusions, or medications. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by a genetic defect that impairs hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. There are different types depending on which globin chain is affected. Symptoms range from mild to severe and include fatigue, jaundice, and
This document discusses evidence-based practice and how to formulate clinical questions using the PICO framework. It emphasizes asking answerable clinical questions, acquiring the best evidence to answer those questions, critically appraising the evidence, and applying it to patient care. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to develop well-structured clinical questions using PICO components and identify the optimal study design to answer each type of question. Resources for self-education in evidence-based medicine are also highlighted.
Halima, an 11-year-old girl with consanguineous parents, presented with not growing well, gradual pallor, and abdominal distension for 7 years. On examination, she was severely pale with facial dysmorphism and hepatosplenomegaly. Her history included repeated blood transfusions. She was diagnosed with hereditary hemolytic anemia. The seminar discussed thalassemia, including the types of thalassemia, clinical features, investigations, complications, and management with a focus on blood transfusions and chelation therapy.
This document outlines a research project examining the failures of African American males in America. It includes a literature review covering demographic, psycho-social, political, economic, and educational issues. The document discusses frameworks, methodology, sampling techniques, and leadership theories that will be used. Sections provide analysis and results related to states, ages, education levels, sports participation, arrest rates, and survey responses. Recommendations include establishing all-male historically black colleges and universities and promoting higher education for African American males over age 30. Next steps involve expanding the study to other populations and revising survey questions.
El documento describe los pasos para instalar Windows 7 y Linux Ubuntu en una computadora sin eliminar el otro sistema operativo. Primero se configura la BIOS y se instala Windows 7 en una partición, luego se hace una copia de seguridad. Después se instala Ubuntu en una partición diferente para que ambos sistemas operativos puedan coexistir en la máquina.
This document provides information about an upcoming blood donation camp at Thiagarajar College of Engineering in Madurai, India on March 23, 2011. It notes that donating blood is safe and can save up to 3 lives. It provides facts about blood donation rates in India and eligibility requirements for donors. The document encourages regular blood donation and outlines the blood donation and medical examination process.
It consists of slides about blood, various blood groups , pre-transfusion testing , blood products , conditions where blood transfusion is indicated and the various complications of blood transfusion in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Organ & Tissue Donation Awareness with Recent AdvancesAmol Patil
The Presentation gives brief information about recent statistics of Organ donation figures, problem statement and Recent amendments in Law.
It also mentions some examples of positive changes in view of Organ Donation in India.
Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them, leading to anemia. In hemolytic anemia, red blood cells have a significantly shortened lifespan of around 15 days compared to the normal 120 days. Clinical features include pallor, jaundice, an enlarged spleen, gallstones, and skeletal abnormalities. Examination of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow can provide clues to the underlying cause by revealing abnormalities in red blood cell shape.
Presented at Kansas City University of Osteopathic Medicine 10/27/15 in Lecture Series in Bioethics. See live presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr3g3PeVKeo
Low Health Literacy in the Older Adult: Identification & Intervention power p...Jeanne Baus
Low Health Literacy in Older Adults is a common challenge for home health care nurses. This powerpoint addresses how to identify low health literacy levels and how to effectively meet the patient needs to improve health education goals and outcomes.
I apologize, I do not see any faces in the provided text. The document appears to be about hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder. It discusses causes, classifications by severity, management strategies, and dental considerations for treating patients with hemophilia. However, there are no images included that I could identify faces in.
Presentation is about donating blood and its importance.
Before you use the presentation please email me.
Creator: Emin Aktas
Email address: eminaktaszxc@gmail.com
This presentation made for course ELTE120. (Persuasive Speech)
Teacher's name: AHMET ERSOY HIDIROĞLU
Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus
BLOOD DONATION & ITS IMPORTANCE
*INTRODUCTION;
-Why you should donate blood?
-Health benefits of blood donation .
-How much blood can be taken?
-Tips for a successful blood donation.
-Blood type & matches .
-Conclusion.
--------------------------------------
*WHY YOU SHOULD DONATE BLOOD?
-There is no substitute for blood.
-Every 3 seconds someone needs a blood transfusion.
-Your donation will help save the life of up to 3 people .
-Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can give to another person.The Gift of Life.
--------------------------------------
*HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLOOD DONATION
-The joy of saving human lives!
-Reduce the risk of Heart Diseases.
-Reduces the risk of Cancer.
-Help get rid of negative feelings.
--------------------------------------
*HOW MUCH BLOOD CAN BE TAKEN?
-Our body has 5.5 liter of blood.Only 350-450 ml of blood can be taken.
-The withdrawn blood volume is restored within 24 hours & haemoglobin and cell components are restored in 2 months.
-It is safe to donate blood every three months
--------------------------------------
*TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL BLOOD DONATION.
-Take light refreshment/food before blood donation. (2 hours before.)
-Person who has consumed alchocol should avoid giving blood for next 24 hours.
-Person who had undergone major surgery should avoid blood donation for 6 months.
-Avoid doing any vigorous exercise or heavy lifting the day of your donation, both before and after you’ve given blood.
--------------------------------------
*BLOOD TYPE & MATCHES
--------------------------------------
*CONCLUSION
Life is full of surprises, and you may find yourself in the same predicament in future so make an effort and donate blood today and save a life.
Anemia is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. It can be caused by insufficient iron, vitamin B12, or folate intake; blood loss; or impaired red blood cell production. Dietary management of anemia focuses on improving intake of iron, vitamin B12, and folate through foods or supplements. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplementation, changes to diet, and treating the primary condition causing the anemia.
Donating blood can save lives in emergency situations like accidents, surgeries, and childbirth complications. It summarizes the need for blood donations in Bangladesh, where only 25% of the required blood supply comes from voluntary donors. Regular blood donation provides health benefits like lowering cholesterol and blood pressure. It also reduces the risks of heart disease and cancer. Before donating, donors are screened and their blood is tested to ensure the safety of the blood supply.
This document discusses cultural diversity in health care. It defines culture and explains that cultural diversity manifests both obviously through factors like religion, ethnicity, and gender, as well as less obviously through age, education, mobility, and sexual orientation. The document emphasizes that healthcare workers must be culturally competent by understanding how personal biases and values influence communication with patients from diverse backgrounds. It provides tips for acquiring cultural competence, such as being aware of different cultural health beliefs, customs, and language barriers when providing care.
Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by an inherited deficiency of coagulation factors, most commonly factor VIII or IX. It is transmitted through females who are carriers but do not have symptoms. There are three main types defined by which clotting factor is deficient. Symptoms include bleeding into joints, muscles, internal organs, and the brain. The severity depends on the level of functioning clotting factor, ranging from severe for levels under 1% to mild for levels of 6-30%. Diagnosis involves family history, measuring clotting factor levels, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Management focuses on replacing the missing clotting factor through various products or desmopressin. Complications can
This document discusses spiritual care at the end of life. It begins by outlining two approaches to experiencing dying - restoration, associated with modern medicine, and transformation, associated with traditional and spiritual practices.
It then defines spirituality, spiritual care, and who provides spiritual care. Spiritual care recognizes and responds to human spirit needs, through compassionate relationships and addressing needs like meaning, faith, or expression. It is provided not just by chaplains but by all staff.
The document notes signs of spiritual distress like tears or anger, and potential triggers like trauma, bad news, or isolation. It offers guidelines for non-chaplain staff responding to spiritual needs through listening, presence, and referral. Empathetic presence
medicine.Bleeding disorders.(dr.sabir) (new powerpoint)student
1. The document discusses various bleeding disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It describes disorders of platelets like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and disorders of coagulation factors like hemophilia A.
2. Diagnostic tests for bleeding disorders include complete blood count, platelet count, aPTT, PT, and bleeding time. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, steroids, IVIG, splenectomy, clotting factor replacement, and controlling any precipitating conditions.
3. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be triggered by sepsis, trauma, malignancy and results from activation
Anemia is a medical condition where the red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. It can be caused by blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions that impair red blood cell production. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplements, vitamin supplements, blood transfusions, or medications. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by a genetic defect that impairs hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. There are different types depending on which globin chain is affected. Symptoms range from mild to severe and include fatigue, jaundice, and
This document discusses evidence-based practice and how to formulate clinical questions using the PICO framework. It emphasizes asking answerable clinical questions, acquiring the best evidence to answer those questions, critically appraising the evidence, and applying it to patient care. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to develop well-structured clinical questions using PICO components and identify the optimal study design to answer each type of question. Resources for self-education in evidence-based medicine are also highlighted.
Halima, an 11-year-old girl with consanguineous parents, presented with not growing well, gradual pallor, and abdominal distension for 7 years. On examination, she was severely pale with facial dysmorphism and hepatosplenomegaly. Her history included repeated blood transfusions. She was diagnosed with hereditary hemolytic anemia. The seminar discussed thalassemia, including the types of thalassemia, clinical features, investigations, complications, and management with a focus on blood transfusions and chelation therapy.
This document outlines a research project examining the failures of African American males in America. It includes a literature review covering demographic, psycho-social, political, economic, and educational issues. The document discusses frameworks, methodology, sampling techniques, and leadership theories that will be used. Sections provide analysis and results related to states, ages, education levels, sports participation, arrest rates, and survey responses. Recommendations include establishing all-male historically black colleges and universities and promoting higher education for African American males over age 30. Next steps involve expanding the study to other populations and revising survey questions.
El documento describe los pasos para instalar Windows 7 y Linux Ubuntu en una computadora sin eliminar el otro sistema operativo. Primero se configura la BIOS y se instala Windows 7 en una partición, luego se hace una copia de seguridad. Después se instala Ubuntu en una partición diferente para que ambos sistemas operativos puedan coexistir en la máquina.
The document summarizes an open house held by Madison County Transit to discuss improving regional transit services. It notes that the Brazos Valley Council of Governments coordinates transit planning for 7 counties and provides services through grants. The meeting covered topics like an aging population that may rely more on transit, current and projected demographics of Madison County residents, lower household incomes making car-reliance challenging, and the need for improved funding, accessibility, and regional coordination to enhance mobility options for all residents going forward. Attendees were encouraged to provide input to help inform a new 5-year regional transit plan application being pursued.
The newsletter provides information on trends for kids' rooms, including that pastel shades are popular for spring/summer and home decorating. It promotes Graham & Brown's wallpaper collections, including Disney, Marvel Comics, Moshi Monsters, and Planes 2 designs. The newsletter also advertises the company's blog for more interior design ideas and tips.
This document discusses different types of renewable energy resources including solar, wind, hydroelectric, tidal, geothermal, and biomass energy. It provides definitions for renewable energy as natural resources that can replenish through natural processes faster than human consumption. Alternative energy is defined as sources that can replace traditional fossil fuels, including renewable sources as well as nuclear and hydroelectric power. Specific renewable energy types like wind, hydroelectric, tidal, and geothermal energy are then discussed in more detail regarding how they generate and capture energy.
Martha Gonzalez-Adams has over 15 years of experience in the insurance industry. She has held positions as an insurance agent for multiple companies, including Allstate, Farmers, and State Farm. She specialized in commercial policies for small restaurants. Her experience also includes underwriting assistant roles processing inspections and applications. She is bilingual in Spanish/English with proficiency in Microsoft Office, customer service, and insurance billing.
This document summarizes a study that examined undergraduate students' understanding of climate change. The study administered a survey to students at two East Coast universities to assess their knowledge of climate change science and social issues. It analyzed students' "knowledge scores" on the survey and elements of their "mental models" of climate change based on interview responses. The study found that students frequently confuse climate change with other environmental issues and that a majority do not have an understanding that closely matches the scientific explanation. Environmental group membership was found to be a stronger determinant of climate change knowledge than enrollment in a science major.
El documento habla sobre tres temas: 1) la definición y usos educativos de los blogs, 2) sitios web gratuitos para crear blogs, y 3) por qué se debe crear una cuenta en Gmail. Explica que los blogs pueden usarse para estimular a los estudiantes a escribir, intercambiar ideas y trabajar en equipo. Menciona varios sitios como Lynksee, Weblog, HazBlog y Blog.com.uy para crear blogs gratis. Finalmente, indica que se necesita una cuenta Gmail para acceder a plataformas como Blogger y
This document discusses analytical characterization techniques used to compare cysteine-conjugated and site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Cysteine-conjugated ADCs result in heterogeneous mixtures with drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR) up to 12, while site-specific conjugation allows more homogeneous DARs of approximately 2. Analytical methods like HPLC, LC-MS, and peptide mapping are used to analyze critical quality attributes such as conjugation sites, DAR distribution, and purity profiles. The data show IgG1 preferentially conjugates to light-heavy chains at a DAR of 4, while IgG2 conjugates to heavy-heavy chains, resulting in greater heterogeneity. Site
This document discusses analytical characterization techniques for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) using mass spectrometry. It summarizes:
1) The structure and properties of ADCs conjugated at cysteines involved in interchain disulfides versus site-specifically conjugated ADCs.
2) How mass spectrometry can be used to monitor critical quality attributes of ADCs such as conjugate distribution, drug-to-antibody ratio, and conjugation sites.
3) Results comparing the physiochemical characterization of IgG1 and IgG2 ADCs conjugated at cysteines versus an IgG1 ADC conjugated site-specifically.
The document discusses hydraulic pumps. It begins by introducing pumps and their importance in applications like water supply, drainage, sewage, irrigation, chemical and petroleum industries, and medicine. Pumps are defined as devices that expend energy to raise, transport, or compress liquids. The document then discusses the history of pumps dating back thousands of years, including early devices like the Noria water wheel and Archimedes' screw. It provides examples of how pump technology has evolved and expanded its applications over time.
This document contains abstracts from the 23rd Annual ASM Conference for Undergraduate Educators. The abstracts describe various teaching tools, projects, and assessments used in microbiology education. Specifically, the abstracts discuss:
1) A classroom research module that assesses antibiotic resistance in environmental samples to provide undergraduate research opportunities.
2) An investigation of potential correlations between student mindset and attitudes toward active learning in a nonmajors biology course.
3) The integration of graphing activities in environmental science and microbiology labs to improve quantitative skills of nonscience majors.
4) The use of a modified CREATE process for analyzing literature to improve critical thinking and scientific communication.
This document provides acknowledgements and dedication for a research project on how American civilization annulled and transformed the lives of Negroes. It thanks the academic institution, supervisor, family and friends for their support during the research process. The abstract summarizes that the research traces how slavery left a lasting negative impact on relations between whites and blacks in America, and how whites used their power to control Negroes and restrict their lives even after slavery was abolished. Key literary works that will be analyzed include Roots, The Autobiography of the Ex-Colored Man, and Native Son to understand how slavery and racism impacted Negroes at different time periods in American history.
Do not research on the Internet.This weeks work represents yo.docxelinoraudley582231
Do not research on the Internet.
This week's work represents your final exam but in the form of a speech. Your speech is due Wednesday, 11:55 p.m. ET and must be at least 500 words.
SITES: http://www.prindlepost.org/2016/05/removing-slavery-textbooks/
https://newsone.com/977835/tenn-tea-party-wants-slavery-removed-from-history-textbooks/
http://www.umsl.edu/services/cps/files/ross-presentation.pdf
http://atlantablackstar.com/2016/06/05/post-traumatic-slave-syndrome-and-intergenerational-trauma-slavery-is-like-a-curse-passing-through-the-dna-of-black-people/
A new movement has started since the early 2000s, where some political groupshttps://newsone.com/977835/tenn-tea-party-wants-slavery-removed-from-history-textbooks/ are trying to remove American history from our children's school curriculum and textbooks, http://www.prindlepost.org/2016/05/removing-slavery-textbooks/ specifically slave history. However, these groups also do not want to cover segregation or civil rights. By removing the history that we have just covered in these last eight weeks, the African American communities are denied their connections to American History. Recently, African Americans have created movements such as "Black Lives Matter" to counteract these other groups. Many tie slave history to the development of segregation and racism that has spread throughout our country. A Historical Traumahttp://www.umsl.edu/services/cps/files/ross-presentation.pdf has affected generations of African Americans http://atlantablackstar.com/2016/06/05/post-traumatic-slave-syndrome-and-intergenerational-trauma-slavery-is-like-a-curse-passing-through-the-dna-of-black-people/
because of what their ancestors had to endure just to survive in this country. This distrust has developed towards different groups, agencies and organizations. For those who are not affected, trying to understand what it means to be an African American in the United States showcases the need for this history to be taught in all schools and to every American.
Your final forum is to prepare a speech that would explain to all of America why African American History from after Reconstruction to the present should be taught.
Explain why every American should know African American history. You will be expected to use specific facts, events and people that you have learned from this course.
These facts, events, and people must come from your required work this term and from research in the library or from the course bibliography.
In your speech, demonstrate the breadth of knowledge you have gained from this work. Do not forget to use in text citations because you will be using multiple sources.
This post must be at least 500 words.
Remember, I want to see that you have a solid understanding of African American history and that you ground this final post in all the required work during the term.
Please remember that as this replaces your final exam, you must clearly demonstrate what you have learned from all the.
Black Males, Social Imagery, and the Disruption of Pathological IdentitiesJonathan Dunnemann
Throughout the history of the U.S., racialized groups have often had their experiences profoundly shaped by social imagery in ways that have created tremendous hardships in the quest for
self-actualization and a healthy sense of self.
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the manner in which Black males have been one of the primary victims of negative social imagery and how the remnants of these constructions continue to have contemporary influences, ....
TitleABC123 Version X1Racial Diversity Historical Wo.docxedwardmarivel
Title
ABC/123 Version X
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Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet
ETH/125 Version 8
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Associate Program MaterialIRacial Diversity: Historical Worksheet
PART I: Answer the following questions in 100 to 250 words each. The answers should include research from University Library, course materials and quality sources. This is evidenced by summary, paraphrasing and/or quoting of sourced information to support points within the answer. Provide APA formatted cites and their associated references for all the sources you use.
1. Throughout most of U.S. history, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group?
In most locations, the white race has been the majority (Schaefer, 2012), although this fact is not solely based upon how many of them are population. The white race came to the U.S. from varios parts of Europe (their common ancestral background), and have successfully made themselves the majority, by founding the country on what benefited them the most. This is how the white race became the majority.
2. What are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or notable minority group?
Some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history would be African Americans, Native Americans. Native Americans who were first to be in North America. In 1871 the Federal Government declared them American Indians and were forced to move to reservations. This is where they were forced to adapt to Christianity instead of their own religion, schools that were done in English. African Americans were the other larger racial minorities. African Americans arrived with the first European explorers from Africa. Shortly after they arrived they became slaves due to their color in 1776. In 1865 Congress abolished slavery everywhere.
3. In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? Provide examples. These laws were intended against which racial minorities?
4. In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination?
Laws have been used to attempt to eliminate discrimination for many years. Some of these laws mak3s it illegal to refuse housing to people ased on their race or sex. Many of these laws prohibit not only discrimination based on race, but gender, age, religious affiliation, and other factors. Affirmative action of the courts and prison sysems which distrimiantes against Blacks, and hispancis and give them 20% longer sentences (Schaefer, 2012) is a great example of a laws that eliminated discrimination. Although discrimination still exists, the laws have helped to create equality among the different races.
PART 2: Identify one racial group from the list below and answer the questions (under the list from the perspective of the racial group selected). Search the Internet for groups ...
This document discusses issues facing African American men and boys in the United States. It notes that mainstream hip-hop culture promotes exaggerated forms of masculinity like aggression and strength. Statistics show high rates of incarceration, unemployment, and shorter lifespans for African American men compared to other groups. Traditional views of masculinity pressure men to suppress emotions and prioritize dominance, which can contribute to violence and harm relationships. The document calls for redefining masculinity in a way that supports nonviolence, education, and healthy families.
This document summarizes a study that examines skin color discrimination in Argentina. The study tests whether participants experience discrimination based on skin color alone, skin color and education level, or skin color and socioeconomic status. It reviews the history of slavery and discrimination in Argentina, noting that while the Black population has declined, discrimination existed based on having any African ancestry. The document puts forth two hypotheses: 1) Those with darker skin complexion will report more experiences of discrimination, and 2) Those with darker skin and higher education will still report more discrimination, similar to patterns in the US.
Chapter 3 The Central Frames of Color-Blind Racism The mas.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 3
The Central Frames
of Color-Blind Racism
The master defense against accurate social perception and change is al-
ways and in every society the tremendous conviction of Tightness about
any behavior form which exists.
— John Dollard, Class and Caste in a Southern Town
If Jim Crow's racial structure has been replaced by a "new racism,"
what happened to Jim Crow racism? What happened to beliefs about
blacks' mental, moral, and intellectual inferiority, to the idea that "it is
the [black man's] own fault that he is a lower-caste ... a lower-class man"
or the assertion that blacks "lack initiative, are shiftless, have no sense of
time, or do not wish to better themselves" 1 ; in short, what happened to
the basic claim that blacks are subhuman? 2 Social analysts of all stripes
agree that most whites no longer subscribe to these tenets. However, this
does not mean the "end of racism," 3 as a few conservative commentators
have suggested. Instead, a new powerful ideology has emerged to defend
the contemporary racial order: the ideology of color-blind racism. Yet,
color-blind racism is a curious racial ideology. Although it engages, as all
ideologies do, in "blaming the victim," it does so in a very indirect, "now
you see it, now you don't" style that matches the character of the new
racism. Because of the slipperiness of color-blind racism, in this chapter, I
examine its central frames and explain how whites use them in ways that
justify racial inequality.
73
74
Chapter 3
THE FRAMES OF COLOR-BLIND RACISM
Ideologies are about "meaning in the service of power." 4 They are expres-
sions at the symbolic level of the fact of dominance. As such, the ideolo-
gies of the powerful are central in the production and reinforcement of
the status quo. They comfort rulers and charm the ruled much like an
Indian snake handler. Whereas rulers receive solace by believing they are
not involved in the terrible ordeal of creating and maintaining inequal-
ity, the ruled are charmed by the almost magic qualities of a hegemonic
ideology. 5
The central component of any dominant racial ideology is its frames or
set paths for interpreting information. These set paths operate as cul-de-sacs
because after people filter issues through them, they explain racial phe-
nomena following a predictable route. Although by definition dominant
frames must misrepresent the world (hide the fact of dominance), this
does not mean that they are totally without foundation. (For instance, it
is true that people of color in the United States are much better off today
than at any other time in history. However, it is also true — facts hidden
by color-blind racism — that because people of color still experience sys-
tematic discrimination and remain appreciably behind whites in many
important areas of life, their chances of catching up with whites are very
slim.) Dominant racial frames, therefore, provide the intellectual road
ma ...
Model Minority Stereotype 1 9 7slurs and relentless bul.docxraju957290
Model Minority Stereotype | 1 9 7
slurs and relentless bullying and attacks by his unit
members before his death.
Another soldier, Harry Lew, committed sui-
cide after suffering threats and brutal hazing at the
hands of his fellow soldiers. These and similar inci-
dents serve to illustrate the ongoing prejudice that
affects Asian Americans. The experiences of Asian
Americans in the military vary. Some have come
forward to express that Asian Americans often en-
dure various types of harassment, from milder
forms of racial stereotyping to hazing. Others, how-
ever, have suffered none. But the incidents described
raised a large public outcry and led to issues of rac-
ism in the military being highlighted.
Conclusion
Asian Americans have fought with great distinc-
tion in many U.S. wars since the early 19th century.
However, Asian Americans have traditionally repre-
sented the lowest number of volunteers of any eth-
nic group in the country. Today, in some Califor-
nia areas such as the San Francisco Bay Area and
Los Angeles County, numbers for Asian American
recruited soldiers have risen to almost double their
representation in the general population. In 2010,
the proportion of enlisted soldiers grew to nearly
double that of the previous year. Reportedly, how-
ever, Asian Americans do not serve often in the front
lines. Most Asian Americans serve in some area of
technical support. In some cases, reportedly, Asian
Americans seek noncombat jobs due to cultural or
religious issues and others because they tend to be
more academically inclined and seek training that
may be useful in careers beyond the military.
The role played by Asian Americans in the U.S.
military and their distinguished military service
have highlighted their contributions as American
citizens. Consequently, this has helped dispel much
of the stereotyping traditionally disseminated about
people of Asian descent. This has contributed, some
argue, to open doors for Asian Americans in public
service arenas, such as judicial courts and the U.S.
House of Representatives and the Senate. For ex-
ample, Dalip Singh Saund, an Indian Asian Ameri-
can born in Punjab, in 1957 became the first Asian
American elected to Congress and served until 1973.
He had become a U.S. citizen in 1946. Saund was the
first Indian American to be elected to Congress and
was re-elected twice. Daniel K. Inouye, from Hawaii,
became the highest-ranking Asian American politi-
cian in the history of the United States. Inouye was a
veteran who had fought in World War II as a mem-
ber of the renowned 442nd Infantry Regiment and
received many military medals as well as the Con-
gressional Medal of Honor. He was elected to the
House of Representatives in 1959 and to the U.S.
Senate in 1962. From 2010, he served as the senate’s
president pro tempore until his death in 2012. The
following year he was posthumously awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Trudy Mercadal
See A ...
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair for Mary Ann Springs, Dissert...William Kritsonis
This dissertation examines the lived experiences of seven African American male educational leaders at a historically Black college and university in Texas through phenomenological interviews and analysis. The study aims to understand the evolution of their leadership over three decades, the impact of critical historical moments on their leadership styles, influential past leaders, factors influencing their decisions despite adversities, the essence of their leadership, and how their leadership has shaped the university. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with open-ended questions, collected demographic data and artifacts, and analyzed the data through triangulation to discern themes. The dissertation seeks to preserve the legacy of excellence demonstrated by these leaders and inspire future generations.
You will write a five page research paper (excluding title page and .docxrosemarybdodson23141
You will write a five page research paper (excluding title page and bibliography). Submit your research paper topic in this drop box. In 3-4 sentences, explain what you want to do with your research project and what you think the main point of your research paper will be. Consider the following in choosing your research paper topic:
1) Relate an issue facing African-Americans in the past and the present condition of that issue. For example, The Voting Rights Act, Equal Employment/Affirmative Action, public education, economic justice, representations in the media, etc. You might compare the deaths of Emmet Till and Trayvon Martin to see what lessons can be/have been learned about the law's treatment of young African American men. All papers should describe the reasons why situations improved for African Americans and the forces that kept or eroded those improvements over time.
OR
2) Take an icon of Black History and find out more about the person (or people) from primary documents or sources not usually used in standard histories. Part of your task will be to find out about their less well-known contributions to Civil Rights or African American history. For example, Althea Gibson, Wilma Rudolph, Marian Anderson, Lorraine Hansberry, Angela Davis, Ralph Bunche, Shirley Chisholm, The Little Rock Nine, Bobby Seale, Louis Armstrong, Paul Robeson, Fannie Lou Hamer, Daisy Bates, Carl Stokes, Carl Rowan, and John Lewis. You may suggest someone else, but you must get written approval from me for the person you choose.
Your paper will also offer an explanation on why the "official" version of this person differs from what you have uncovered.
.
A Case Study Of National Identity An Analysis Of The American Dream In Polit...Pedro Craggett
This document discusses the American Dream as a concept that has become increasingly important in American politics. It provides the historical context for how the American Dream emerged as a unifying national theme during the Great Depression. While the meaning and validity of the American Dream has been challenged over time, it remains a significant part of American national identity and political discourse. The document analyzes how the American Dream is debated by politicians, activists, and scholars and how it guides discussions around trends in national identity.
This phenomenological study investigated the lived experiences of 6 African American women in predominantly white doctoral programs in educational leadership. The findings showed the women dealt with issues like discrimination from white professors and a sense of white privilege/entitlement from white students. However, they also thrived due to mentoring from black professors and bonding with black students. The study aims to give voice to the experiences of these women and implications include developing strategies to reduce feelings of marginalization and having more black women share their experiences.
This phenomenological study investigated the lived experiences of 6 African American women in predominantly white doctoral programs in educational leadership. The findings showed the women dealt with issues like discrimination from white professors and a sense of white privilege/entitlement from white students. However, they thrived due to mentoring from black professors and bonding with black students. The study aims to give voice to these women's experiences and help universities support minority students and reduce feelings of marginalization.
This document discusses the concept of race in epidemiology. It argues that race is a social construct rather than a biological reality, and that it serves as a proxy for factors like social class, culture, and genes, but is not equivalent to any of those factors. Race reflects the social classification and experiences of racism that people face. Racism operates at institutional, personally mediated, and internalized levels, and is likely a root cause of health disparities observed between racial groups. The author recommends that epidemiologists investigate the underlying causes of race-associated health differences rather than simply adjusting for race in analyses.
Similar to Capstone Final Project (African-American males)(1) (16)
Jones race racism and the practice of epidemiology
Capstone Final Project (African-American males)(1)
1. Running head: AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 1
MS – MOL Capstone Applied Research Project
What are the causes of the failures of African-American males in America?
By
Malcolm E. Freeman Jr.
November 2014
Albertus Magnus College
Author Note
2. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 2
This capstone project was prepared for the Applied Research Project MOL – 630 course
instructed by Dr. William S. Hettinger Ph. D
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Demographic & Statistical Issues
Psycho-social Issues
Political & Economic Issues
Educational Issues
Framework & Methodology
Data Collection Methods
Sampling Techniques
Representative Sampling Plans
Non-Probability Sampling Methods
Convenience Sampling
Judgment Sampling
Sample Size Determination
Primary Data Collection
Observation
Surveys
Interviews
Diary Methods
Triangulation
Leadership & Management Theories
3. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 3
Analysis & Results
Conclusions / Recommendations / Next Steps / References / Appendices
What are the causes of the failures of African-American males in America?
Abstract
The research question that has been identified in the course Applied Research
Project MOL – 630 is “Why are African-American men in America failing”? To revise
this question into a problem statement it has been rephrased to “What are the causes of
the failures of African-American males in America”? This is more specific of a question,
and proposes the question as a problem. The background on this problem/issue is very
prevalent in the United States. Ever since the African slave trade began, history has
recorded (and un-recorded) many instances of injustices, moral wrongdoings, and overall
diabolical practices employed by the slave masters, whoever they were. What has to be
done is to bring the truth to the light in order to possibly address the issue. The problem
is sometimes that “we can not solve problems without dealing with problems we have
tried to hide, but tackling them would expose the cover-up” (Bolman & Deal, 2013 p.
35). It is believed that this society tries to forget all about slavery, to un-write it from
history, to hide the atrocities and injustices.
The purpose of this capstone project case study is to somehow get a gauge on
what the problems are, in order to attempt to pinpoint the real issues, and come up with
effective solutions. The proposed structure of this study will be utilizing quantitative, as
well as qualitative data, wherever applicable. This will be Explanatory research (Adams,
Khan, & Raeside, 2014 p. 2) and Applied research (Adams et al, 2014 p. 7), and possibly
policy research if it is done thoroughly enough, which is the plan. The research will
utilize documentary as well as demonstrative evidence (Adams et al, 2014 p. 15). The
4. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 4
significance to leadership is that if this epidemic can be eradicated, Black men can
contribute more, and be productive.
Introduction
The literature that has been accessed has much information and statistics on how
African-American males are disproportionately incarcerated, the perceptions of them, and
the stress that the perceived racism can have on African-American people. The
researcher extracted what is believed to be the most important and glaring facts in the
research that may prove the point, so that the researcher may formulate a set of solutions
that may contribute to the upliftment of this ethnic group. The researcher feels this is
important because he is a member of this ethnic group, and he has personally felt the
negative affects of the past disadvantages inflicted upon this group.
For the research population the researcher will limit the subjects to African-
American males, and will consult the opinions of individuals at the Downtown Hartford
Old State House area of bus stops. The researcher is looking to utilize 100 surveys, for
the purpose of simple statistical analysis, and five interviews to get an introspective idea
of the thoughts and feelings of who he believes are crucial members of this group, and
who are in immediate access. The researcher also will note that the more research that is
done, the more concepts of racism that will emerge, but he plans to group and organize
them, and will attempt to address them as a whole in this case study.
5. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 5
Literature Review
Demographic & Statistical Issues
The first article that has been reviewed is the article “Disproportionate
Incarceration of African Americans: What History and the First Decade of Twenty-First
Century Have Brought” (Garrison, 2011). This article assesses the prevalence of
African-Americans in prison at a much higher level than whites or other races. In the
article it is said that “the incarceration of African-Americans is not a phenomenon that
occurred post-civil rights era, but has been a practical fact of criminal justice
administration since data on incarceration have been kept” (Garrison, 2011 p. 87)
The over-representation of the federal and state prison system was not always by
African-Americans and other racial minorities. The first minorities that filled American
prisons were European immigrants, with only a small number being African-American.
Before the end of the Civil War there were very few African (-Americans) in the
developing American prison system because they were under that peculiar institution of
slavery. During the late 19th
and early 20th
centuries African-Americans began to increase
in numbers within the prison system. In the South they were placed in plantation prisons
or “farmed-out” to companies to perform “honest” or “hard” labor. African-Americans
were subjected to chain gangs in the South and to industrial prisons in the North. The
study states that “the ratio of African-Americans to whites incarcerated since the 1920’s
has consistently been higher for African-Americans…The ratio of incarceration of
African-Americans to whites is 8-to-1, or to put it in a different perspective, on any given
day, more African-American males are likely to be in prison or jail than in college”
(Garrison, 2011 p. 91). Although the disproportionate incarceration of African-
6. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 6
Americans predates the “War on Drugs”, the war on drugs “increased the disparities and
drastically increased the disproportionate representation of African-Americans in federal
and state prisons which culminated in a 17-year period in which African-Americans
accounted for the plurality, if not, the majority of individuals incarcerated in the U.S.
while only accounting for 12% of the population” (Garrison, 2011 p. 92).
The next article that has been identified is titled “The Ball Curve: Calculated
Racism and the Stereotype of African-American Men” (Hall, 2001). Racism, according
to the article, refers to “the efforts of a dominant race group to exclude a dominated race
group from sharing in the material and symbolic rewards of status and power” (Hall,
2001 p. 104). It differs from the other various forms of exclusion in that qualification “is
contingent on observable and “assumed” physiological traits…these traits then imply the
inherent superiority of dominant groups; this superiority is then rationalized as the natural
order of the biological universe” (Hall, 2001 p.104). In America, the most zealous
proponents of racism profess that “those of European descent are superior to African-
Americans as a matter of biological fact” (Hall, 2001 p.104).
It is postulated that those of European descent alone have been endowed with the
capacities necessary to bring about civilization. This was “a thinly veiled form of
colonialism devoted to adjudicating the right of European-Americans to embark on a
nation-wide mission aimed at subjugating African-American men” (Hall, 2001 p.104).
By way of slavery and colonization, European-Americans left no terrain of Western
society untouched by their domination. After decades of domination, the mission to
subjugate African-American men has necessitated a universal, almost mystic belief in the
power of race to elevate or taint (Hall, 2001 p.104).
7. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 7
The study posits that “consequent to differences in racial heritage, racism has
prevailed, at times, as one of the most subtle, but devastating, and tenacious social
problems in the modern era (Hall, 2001 p.104). Basically, this article supposes that
“racial ancestry manifests as an intelligence differential between persons of African and
European descent (Hall, 2001 p.105). There should be no doubt about the importance of
this assumption. Equally, despite current levels of American racial diversity, “to limit
racism to a moral context does a disservice to the scientific method” (Hall, 2001 p.105).
It enables the absurd rhetoric of hierarchy within a single species, and in fact provides a
conduit for the continued social, economic, and political oppression of African-
Americans. Although continued investigation of racism against African-American men
may not be popular or politically correct, “to do so regardless is what distinguishes
science from quackery” (Hall, 2001 p.105). This is what makes the researcher extremely
proud to conduct this study, knowing that he is honoring science and the scientific
method.
The final article of this section is titled “African American Men and Intimate
Partner Violence (IPV)” (Smith, 2008). This article is drawn from African-Americans
that were interviewed who were involved in violent intimate relationships, and looks to
point out the individual causes (exposure to violence), the cultural causes (constructions
of masculinity), and the structural causes (unemployment and incarceration) of intimate
partner violence (IPV) among African-American men. IPV is “triggered” by two threats
to masculinity, but this study only focuses on one trigger, which is “breadwinning”. In
short, “from the point of view of many batterers, battering provides an accessible
mechanism for African-American men—who live in a social world plagued by a system
8. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 8
of racial domination—to re-assert their masculinity and maintain their male privilege and
dominance in their heterosexual relationships” (Smith, 2008 p. 156). The problem with
this is that “battering has the un-anticipated consequence of alienating them (African-
American men) further from these same intimate partners (African-American women),
thus perpetuating the cycle of violence” (Smith, 2008 p. 156).
Psychosocial Issues
The first article that has been identified for this section is what is deemed to be
“counter-intelligence” to the popular opinions of African-Americans, just to give a
picture of what all types of people think of this ethnic group. The article “What does
Black Failure tell us about Blacks?” (Kane, 2013) is a narrative about how Black people
(or Africans or African-Americans) are inherently inferior to Caucasians. The article
goes on to explain that the disproportionate levels of crimes that Blacks commit and the
“insanely dysfunctional” communities in which they live can be attributed to the nature
of them. “In other words, Blacks do what they do because it is who they are” (Kane,
2013 p.2). “To put it another way, the rotten, degrading ghetto culture of Blacks,
including their uncivilized and dysfunctional ways, is but a reflection of who these people
are inherently” (Kane, 2013 p. 2). They produce so much destruction and societal
problems wherever they reside in large numbers and no matter how much resources are
spent attempting to bring them to educational and economic parity with whites
(Caucasians), they always manage to mess it up.
This is not to deny the role that culture plays in the role of Black deviancy, but
that is not the sole cause of their problems. There are a variety of complex social,
psychological, innate traits, and biological elements that together have contributed. It is
9. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 9
naïve to think that Blacks can be reformed simply by more educational funding, minor
changes to their culture, and more federal “poverty programs”. “History has proven that
such well-intentioned efforts fail time after time” (Kane, 2013 p.2). The uncomfortable
truth is that Black men are generally lazy…a good portion of them would rather remain
on welfare than to actively secure a job, especially if that job is entry-level or only pays
minimum wage. “Mexicans and Asians, in contrast, are generally eager to work such
low-paying jobs because their able to see them as stepping stones to something better, but
this is not so for many Blacks” (Kane, 2013 p.2) This article is utilized to exhibit the fact
that some people recently thought this way.
The article that has been identified that will be reviewed at this point is titled
“Social Science Literature concerning African-American Men” (Edmund & Edmund,
1994). “The research literature that focuses specifically on the plight of African-
American males was a phenomenon of the latter half of the 20th
century” (Edmund &
Edmund, 1994, p. 508). From mid-century until the mid-70’s, the literature tended to
focus on “dysfunctional males and their contributions to what were considered to be the
problems of Black families, the legacies of slavery and their impact on Black males (e.g.,
the killing off of the most assertive and smartest males, the disruption of family relations,
the distortion of cultural traditions), and the continuing deprivation of opportunities for
black males to exercise responsibility for themselves and their families” (Edmund &
Edmund, 1994, p. 508). Toward the end of that period, attention turned to studies of
urbanization, poverty, and single-parent families. Since the early 1980’s, the emphasis
has shifted to political, economic, social, and psychological issues. Much of this work
focuses on unemployment and the lack of opportunities for meaningful participation in
10. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 10
the nation’s political economy, institutionalized racism and discrimination, and the
impact of these structural phenomena on the attitudes and behavior of African-American
males. Many of these studies examine “how African-American men cope with aspects of
urban life such as drugs, crime, violence, substandard housing, and inferior schooling”
(Edmund & Edmund, 1994, p. 508). An increasing number of studies address issues
related to “the cultural role of African-American men, while others focus on Black men’s
movement between cultures and examinations of the stereotypical images of Black males
perpetuated by the media” (Edmund & Edmund, 1994, p. 508).
The next article that has been identified is titled “Factors impacting Delinquency
in Jamaican and African-American Adolescents” (Stacey, & Morgan, 2011). This article
attempts to identify some of the factors that contribute to the delinquency of Jamaican
and African-American adolescents. “During the last twenty years, politicians, criminal
justice personnel, mass media, and the public have become increasingly concerned with
the situation of crime globally” (Stacey & Morgan, 2011 p. 39). Jamaica and the United
States are two of the many countries plagued with this problem. “The types of strains
that are strongly associated with these criminally delinquent behaviors include, but are
not limited to: (1) failure to attain success because of barriers (education and
employment); (2) parental rejection and poor discipline/supervision (parent-child
attachment); (3) criminal victimization (exposure to crime); and (4) lack of personal skills
and resources to cope (self-esteem)” (Stacey & Morgan, 2011 p. 39). “Historically,
Jamaica’s education system was not developed with the intention of educating the Black
citizens of the country, but was designed for the elite, who were the white slave masters
and their children” (Stacey & Morgan, 2011 p. 40). As a result, education was not an
11. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 11
integral focus for the black citizens; instead labor was emphasized as the means to
survival.
It is posited that the structure of the educational system in Jamaica has led to the
marginalization of Black males in Jamaica. It is recognized that this marginalization has
been impacted by the social role of the male being the provider. To put it another way,
boys were expected to learn a trade that would equip them for the labor market, thus
abandoning academic aspirations. This marginalization, seen in both Jamaican and
African-American males, is currently reflected in gender disparities in academic
involvement in schools, low enrollment in tertiary institutions, over-representation in
remand centers/correctional facilities, and overall crime committed by juveniles (Stacey
& Morgan, 2011 p. 40). Due to the organization of the Jamaican educational system in
comparison to the American, it is expected that the Jamaican students will be less
educated than their African-American counterparts.
One of the best findings of this research is that “delinquents are less likely than
non-delinquents to be closely tied to their parents” (Stacey & Morgan, 2011 p. 41). As
stated in the study “the history of attachment between parent and child within the African
Diaspora, defined by instability and separation, leads to a break down in communication,
involvement, and identifying with parents, which is integral in forming close parent-child
attachments” (Stacey & Morgan, 2011 p. 42). “Slaves on the plantations were dislocated
from their families i.e. fathers were uprooted from their wives, and children engendered a
sense of disconnect and disjointedness that is still evidenced today in Black families”
(Stacey & Morgan, 2011 p. 42). These issues are pervasive in the Jamaican and African-
12. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 12
American family and their communities. What is even more disturbing is the lack of
attention that is paid to this phenomenon, and the effect it has on its citizens.
The article that is presented is titled “Internalized Racial Oppression in the
African-American Community (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013). Individual and systemic racial
oppression faced by African-Americans has been a main-stay in the history of the United
States since its formation. It has been argued that “in order to maintain this system of
racial oppression, it is necessary to have a psychological element that is self-perpetuating
and internalized by the oppressed group” (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013 p. 137). Internalized
Racial Oppression (IRO) is described as: a process where individuals “internalize and
accept the dominant White culture’s oppressive actions and beliefs toward Black people
(e.g. negative stereotypes, discrimination, hatred, falsification of historical facts, racist
doctrines, and White supremacist ideology), while at the same time rejecting the African
worldview and cultural motifs (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013 p. 137).
Once the racial oppression is accepted and internalized, “the need to enforce this
system of oppression by the White majority is eliminated because the oppressed group
will impose the oppression upon themselves” (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013 p. 137). Studies
and literature on IRO (Internalized Racial Oppression) has indicated that “it is a
cumulative experience that spans across generations, and is the most psychologically
damaging component of racial oppression” (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013 p. 137)! The study
says that “any analysis of the psychological effects of racism is incomplete without
considering how it is internalized (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013 p. 138). This is precisely why
this article is included in this study. As a means of discussing African-Americans
experience with IRO, “the demographic profile of African-Americans, their experiences
13. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 13
of historical and contemporary forms of racial oppression, the common manifestations of
IRO among this group, the mental and behavioral health implications, and the clinical
and community interventions for addressing IRO are discussed” (D, E. J. R. D. P., 2013
p. 138).
The next article that was reviewed is titled “Racism as a Stressor for African-
Americans” (Clark, R., Anderson N., Clark, V., Williams D., (1999). This article looks
at the psychological, social, and physiological effects of perceived racism among
African-Americans. This research posits that perceived racism can have adverse health
outcomes and effects. Perceived racism as a stressor may influence the genesis of
depression, by posing threats to self-esteem, making African-Americans failure to receive
normative returns more significant and contributing to a sense of helplessness.
Political & Economic Issues
The next article that has been reviewed is titled “Quality of Life: Perceptions of
African Americans” (Wayne & Darling, 2000). This article sets out to understand the
familial factors of the quality of life of African-American males. It is noted in this
research that “it is often portrayed that the African-American male is an “absent family
member” and as a result African-American males have often been perceived as being in a
subordinate status in the family” (Wayne & Darling, 2000 p. 411). Furthermore, it is
noted that “some African-American males have been victimized and their quality of life
diminished because many have been denied the opportunity to become wage-earners and
providers for their families” (Wayne & Darling, 2000 p. 411). Some studies have
reported African-American males as individuals who display erratic behaviors, and are
unable to assume the responsibilities of fatherhood, while other studies have reported that
14. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 14
“when African-American males have the opportunity to become wage earners and
providers, they are more likely to be responsible and in husband-wife families…not being
able to function successfully in the male role can cause the African-American male to
lose a sense of masculinity and social identity” (Wayne & Darling, 2000 p. 411).
The article also presents a dynamic in African-American communities which are
“extended families”. Wayne & Darling state that “the extended family structure is a
typical method used in African-American families to deal with economic hardships and
to give support to family members through other resources” (p. 412). It often consists of
nuclear families with additional biological and non-biological relatives. Values,
emotional closeness, economic cooperation, child care, social regulation, and discipline
are types of resources shared in extended families. Through these resources, the family
structure is willing to sacrifice for the well being of the group. The resource-exchange
theory is utilized to address the relationships among the variables of interest. The
resource-exchange theory posits that “humans form interpersonal relationships in light of
the rewards, costs, or profits (outcomes) that such associations might be expected to
bring” (Wayne & Darling, 2000 p. 413). Rewards transmitted in personal encounters in
this framework are: love, status, information, money, goods, and services.
The final article of this section is titled “The Future of Fatherhood and Families in
African-American Communities” (Franklin, 2009). In the fall of 1998, a historic
conference sponsored by the Morehouse Research Institute at Morehouse College in
Atlanta, Georgia, almost succeeded in placing the issue of father absence on the national
agenda. Morehouse is the only all-male, historically black college/university (HBCU) in
the United States. It also happens to be the alma mater of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
15. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 15
This stronghold of African-American male achievement “was the perfect venue for a
conference designed to examine issues pertaining to the future marriage and parenthood
of African-American communities” (Franklin, 2009 p. 79). The study finds that by fault
of strident individualism and a weakened sense of obligation to the family, “fathers the
world over, rich and poor alike, are increasingly disengaging from their children and
from the mothers of their children” (Franklin, 2009 p. 80). This study also notes the
“African notions of the sacredness of being a father (creator) and remembers the history
of African-Americans history of religion’s success in empowering African-Americans to
overcome oppression” (Franklin, 2009 p. 80).
Educational Issues
The article that was reviewed for this section is titled “The Origins of African-
American Culture and its Significance in African-American Student Academic Success”
(Davis, 2005). African-American participation in American society “seems
overwhelmingly filled with devastatingly disproportionate difficulties ranging from
critically high incarceration rates to tragic, often violent, high mortality rates” (Davis,
2005 p. 43). Furthermore, “school systems across the country consistently report glaring
and alarming academic achievement gaps between African-American children and their
peers” (Davis, 2005 p. 43). Many researchers believe that effectively educating African-
Americans would improve many of these social ills. Much research has ensued in order
to intervene in these disturbing challenges, especially the academic-underachievement of
many African-American children in the United States.
Recently, however, a discovery has found “a void in educators’ understanding of
African-American culture” (Davis, 2005 p. 43). It is found that “due to educators’
16. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 16
limited understanding of African-American cultural mores, their ability to effectively
educate African-American students was severely limited” (Davis, 2005 p. 43). It is also
noted that “most educators’ do not recognize the difference between voluntary European
immigration to American society and culture, and the involuntary forced African-
American relocation to American society and culture” (Davis, 2005 p. 43). This
seemingly harmless omission, however, “may expound the challenges involved in
effectively educating and intervening in many of the socio-political problems facing
African-American, and larger American, culture” (Davis, 2005 p. 44).
Framework & Methodology
The methods that will be utilized to conduct this study will be outlined here in the
Framework & Methodology section. The methods will be cited from the Research
Methods for Business and Social Science Students (Adams, Khan, Raeside, 2014) text
from this Applied Resource Project course. What has to be noted from the beginning of
this section is the “limits of validity” which “relate to the consistency between logical and
material truth and to the rules of evidence as discussed in Chapter Seven” (Adams, et al.,
2014 p. 65). Another issue with case study research is the “problem of syllogistic
reasoning, where what appears to be a logical argument is in fact not so…in addition,
even if there is a logical argument or statement it does not follow that it will be materially
correct” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 64). Noting both of these fallacies, this research will be
conducted as thoroughly as the researcher’s academic acumen will provide.
In terms of research design, the key issues facing the researcher are those of
validity, reliability, and generalizability. This research project will be conducted in a
“Quasi-Experimental Design”, which is “the researcher plans to measure the response
17. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 17
variable depending on the explanatory variable, and there is a lack of randomization in
the quasi-experimental design…it is a mixed design where random and non-random
experiments are employed together” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 66). This is because the
researcher will be conducting surveys of random Black males, but will be interviewing a
non-random selected five Black males. The research design relationship that will follow
is the Quasi-Experimental Design to Prospective Design to Cohort Design, which is
illustrated in Figure 5.1 (Adams, et al., 2014 p.67). For the sources of data some of the
questions will be age, marital status, and educational level. These questions will be
coded with a “nominal scale”, and some of the information collected will be interpreted
using a “ratio scale”.
Data Collection Methods
There are often two phases in the process of data collection, which are pre-testing
and the main study. A pre-testing phase using a small sample may determine whether the
data collection plan for the main study is an appropriate procedure. A small-scale pre-
test study provides an advance opportunity for the researcher to check the data collection
form to minimize errors due to improper design elements, such as question wording or
question sequence. Additional benefits include discovery of confusing interviewing
questions, learning if the questionnaire is too long or too short, and uncovering other such
field errors. The researcher will conduct this pre-test with his Master’s Program cohort.
Sampling Techniques
The researcher will have to get a sample population of the group at large.
“Sampling is the process or technique of selecting a suitable sample for the purpose of
18. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 18
determining parameters or characteristics of a whole population” (Adams, et al., 2014 p.
72). To carry out a study, the researcher must bear in mind what size the sample should
be, whether the size is statistically justified, and what method of sampling should be
used. For any sampling the researcher needs to consider the time and cost of conducting
the survey, and whether it is small-scale or large-scale. How “representative” the sample
is may be a common question. Researchers usually try to draw a representative sample to
draw any conclusion about the “real world” that they possibly can. This is what is called
the “Researcher’s Responsibility” (Adams, et al., 2014 p.73). The researcher believes
that 100 surveys and five interviews is a good representation of the geographic
population. In this case, the researcher will conduct 100 surveys, for simple statistical
calculation. There are two basic sampling techniques, which are probability and non-
probability sampling. Probability sampling is a sample in which every element of the
population has an equal chance of being selected. On the other hand, non-probability
sampling is when sampling units are selected on the basis of personal judgment. For the
purpose of this study, the sampling method will be both probability and non-probability.
Representative Sampling Plans
For the purpose of this study, the researcher will utilize the “Simple Random
Sample” method. A random sample is defined as “selections are made from a specified
and defined population (Black males), each unit is selected with known and non-zero
probability, so that every unit in the population has an equal (known) chance of selection,
and the method of selection is specified, objective, and replicable. The researcher will
conduct the surveys at The Old State House bus stop area of Downtown Hartford.
Random sampling results in the selection of a determinate set of units/people.
19. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 19
Substituting other units/people for those already selected is not allowed at the sampling
or data collection stages.
Non-Probability Sampling Methods
In non-probability sampling, the probability of selecting population elements is
unknown. Nonetheless, in a situation when a sampling frame is absent, one can easily go
for non-probability sampling methods to serve the objectives of the study. However, a
question may arise as to how closely these approximate for representativeness.
Additional reasons for choosing non-probability over probability sampling are “cost” and
“time”.
Convenience Sampling
Non-probability samples that are un-restricted are called convenience samples.
They are the least reliable design but, normally, the cheapest and easiest to conduct.
Researchers have the sole freedom to choose whomever they find, thus the name
convenience.
Judgment Sampling
A cross-section of the sample selected by the researcher conforms to some
criteria. Judgment sampling is appropriate at the initial stage of research. When one
wishes to select a biased group for screening purposes, this sampling method is also a
good choice.
Sample Size Determination
For researchers who do not have advanced statistical skills, a common-sense
approach to statistical methodology may be employed. Sample size is associated with
20. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 20
time & cost. It is on the basis of these two constraints that one has to determine a sample,
which in turn will be able to produce results that are statistically significant, statistically
robust, or statistically justified, but more importantly, representative of the whole
population. An under-sized sample “can be a waste of resources for not having the
capability to produce useful results” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 77). Not following statistical
designs “compromises validity, and might lead to incorrect conclusions (Adams, et al.,
2014 p. 82). It is relatively straight-forward to gather information about small subsets of
populations. Large or geographically spread populations present issues.
Primary Data Collection
Many differing methods to compiling original data are outlined in this text. The
collection of this data “is a very important aspect of research design and the ability to
achieve the research aims, and answering the research questions depends on the
effectiveness of the data collection” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 92) .
Observation
Observation is a data collection method in its own right; no matter which data
collection method one follows, observation should be an important element. “Some of
the most important findings in research have been accidental and captured from
observations of the failures of other data collection methods (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 93).
So, be alert and observe and note and document these observations. It would be good to
maintain a research diary. This should be a “small notepad which accompanies you
everywhere, and observations, chance findings and important references can be noted in
it” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 93). In conducting observations there is a need to be
21. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 21
unobtrusive so that people do not change their behavior because they notice that they are
being watched (Hawthorne Effect).
Surveys
To obtain information from people, it seems obvious that one should either
question them face-to-face, or conduct telephonic surveys or mail questionnaires.
Surveys are indeed “the most widely used method of data collection in business and
management” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 96). As surveys dominate thought, most
researchers are reluctant to think of other methods. It is encouraged to think of other
methods because “response rates from surveys are rarely higher than 20%, which is
hardly representative of a population” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 96). In conducting surveys
“the construction and design of the instrument are critically important, as are the sample
selection and administration” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 96).
Interviews
Qualitative data is required to understand in-depth motivations for people’s
behavior or feelings. Face-to-face or telephone interviews are frequently used in business
and management research. It allows a mass of information to be collected but is very
time-consuming and sample-sizes tend to be small. Thus, although one obtains in-depth
information, one may question the representativeness of the findings. The concept of
interviewing “may be extended and people may be interviewed in groups to make the
process more efficient” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 92).
Diary Methods
22. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 22
Diaries can be either qualitative or quantitative depending on the kind of
information that is recorded. At one level they may be “a simple record of events from
which activity sampling may provide a statistical treatment, while at another level they
may take the form of a personal journal research process” (Adams, et al., 2014 p. 97).
Researchers are sometimes asked to maintain a diary but it needs to be structured to
enable the writer to focus on what is relevant. For undergraduate or Masters research it is
not recommended to use a diary because there is limited study time, but I will utilize a
diary briefly.
Triangulation
In business and management there is a need for triangulation in order to search
both for accuracy of the data and for alternate explanations. The idea is to collect data by
different means in the hope that there is a convergence on the truth. From “a qualitative
perspective, this process is complex because of the notion of social constructivism (it
takes a subjective rather than an objective view of the world)” (Adams, et al., 2014 p.
100). This perspective, held by most qualitative researchers, “rests on the belief that
there are multiple perspectives or views of the case that need to be represented and that
there is no way to establish, beyond contention, the best view or the truth” (Adams, et al.,
2014 p. 100). This is why this case study presents what is deemed “counter-intelligence
information. There are multiple perspectives and views on this subject, and they need to
be represented to bring a fuller picture of the views on these ideas.
Leadership & Management Theories
23. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 23
The leadership and management theories that will be applied to this project will
be Maslow’s Need Hierarchy found in Organizational Behavior (Nelson & Quick, 2013),
Jack Welch’s thoughts on candor found in his book Winning (Welch, 2005), 10xers found
in Great by Choice (Collins, 2011), and The 14 points of Quantum Leap Thinking found
in Quantum Leap Thinking (Mapes, 2003) . We will begin with Abraham Maslow’s
Need Hierarchy. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs proposed a theory of motivation that goes
beyond just physical and economic needs to emphasize psychological and interpersonal
needs as well.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
At the core of Maslow’s theory is a hierarchy of five “need” categories. Abraham
Maslow labeled the five levels of his needs hierarchy as “(1) physiological needs, (2)
safety and security needs, (3) love (social) needs, (4) esteem needs, and the need for (5)
self-actualization” (Nelson & Quick, 2013 p. 77). The distinguishing feature of
Maslow’s need hierarchy is the progression hypothesis, which suggests that “as one level
of need is met, a person progresses to the next higher level of need as a source of
motivation” (Nelson & Quick, 2013 p. 77). Conversely, people progress up the levels of
the hierarchy as they successively gratify each level of needs. This theory relates to my
research problem because I believe that if this theory is applied to African-American
men, they will be able to flourish healthily as their needs are met and they progress up the
hierarchy. The African-American men will realize much success following this theory
and will realize growth and satisfaction as their needs are fulfilled.
Jack Welch’s Candor
24. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 24
The second leadership theory that was drawn from was Jack Welch’s Theory on
Candor found in his book Winning (Welch & Welch, 2005 p. 25). Welch believes that
“lack of candor is the biggest dirty little secret in business” (Welch, & Welch, 2005 p.
25). Welch says that “lack of candor basically blocks smart ideas, fast action, and good
people contributing all the stuff they’ve got” (Welch, & Welch, 2005 p. 25). Welch feels
that “when you’ve got candor, everything operates faster and better” (Welch, & Welch,
2005 p. 25). The 3 main ways that candor leads to winning are (1) “candor gets more
people into the conversation, and when you get more people into the conversation, you
get idea rich” (Welch, & Welch, 2005 p. 27). More ideas get surfaced, discussed, pulled
apart, and improved. Jack says that “any organization that brings more people and their
minds into the conversation has an immediate competitive advantage” (Welch, & Welch,
2005 p. 27).
Secondly, (2) candor generates speed. “When ideas are in everyone’s face, they
can be debated rapidly, expanded and enhanced, and acted upon” (Welch, & Welch, 2005
p. 27). That approach, “surface, debate, improve, decide, is not just a competitive
advantage, it is a necessity in the global marketplace” (Welch, & Welch, 2005 p. 27).
Third and lastly, (3) “candor cuts costs—lots—although you will never be able to put a
precise number on it” (Welch, & Welch, 2005 p. 27). Welch says to “just think of how it
eliminates meaningless meetings and bullshit reports that confirm what everyone already
knows” (Welch, & Welch, 2005 p. 27). Welch believes that “if you put all of its benefits
and efficiencies together, you realize that you just cannot afford to not have candor”
(Welch, & Welch, 2005 p. 28).
25. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 25
This theory relates to the research problem because the researcher believes that in
getting the African-American men to understand what has to be done to improve, the
discussions and theories of improvement will have to be conveyed with candor, as well as
the atmosphere of the entire initiative will have to be candid. With this element of
leadership in place, the subjects will be able to develop a thick skin and be able to handle
the many different situations that inevitably will be presented to them.
10x Leadership
The next theory of leadership that will be utilized is 10x Leadership found in the
text Great by Choice (Collins, 2011). This leadership theory supposes that “10xers share
a set of behavioral traits that distinguish them from the comparison leaders” (Collins,
2011 p. 18). 10xers distinguish themselves by embracing a paradox of control and non-
control. 10xers understand that they face continuous uncertainty and that they cannot
control, and cannot accurately predict, significant aspects of the world around them.
10xers also reject the idea that forces outside their control or chance events will
determine their results; they accept full responsibility for their own fate (Collins, 2011 p.
19).
10xers bring this idea to life by a triad of core behaviors: fanatic discipline,
empirical creativity, and productive paranoia (Collins, 2011 p. 19). Animating these
three core behaviors is a central motivating force called Level 5 Ambition. These
behavioral traits correlate with achieving 10x results in chaotic and uncertain
environments. “Fanatic discipline keeps 10x people on track, empirical creativity keeps
them vibrant, productive paranoia keeps them alive, and Level 5 Ambition provides
inspired motivation” (Collins, 2011 p.20). This theory of leadership will instill the values
26. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 26
needed in the subjects to be able to build a strong enough foundation in their growth
process so that they have the best chance of success.
The 14 Points of Quantum Leap Thinking
The fourth and final leadership theory that will be utilized will be The 14 Points
of Quantum Leap Thinking found in the book Quantum Leap Thinking (Mapes, 2003).
They may be in any order, but they must act together in harmony. The 14 Points of
Quantum Leap Thinking are: (1) Pay Attention; paying attention moves far beyond
watching and listening. Paying attention allows us to see things more clearly and things
that we might otherwise have missed. “Paying attention improves communication and
enhances the self-esteem of the people around you” (Mapes, 2003 p. 66).
(2) Turn Fear into Power; “F.E.A.R. is False Evidence Appearing Real” (Mapes,
2003 p. 66). Fear can be a message to pay attention, or it can become a barrier that keeps
us from achieving what we want. “How we allow fear to affect us determines our
progress toward the leap” (Mapes, 2003 p. 66) (3) Hold a Vision; A “clear vision is the
driving force behind the individual, a team, or an organization” (Mapes, 2003 p. 66). “A
vision that coincides with your personal values and offers a win for everyone establishes
a superior level of commitment” (Mapes, 2003 p. 66).
The 14 Points of Quantum Leap Thinking continue with (4) Enlarge Goals; Goals
by their very nature are limiting. To rise to the next level, you must learn to move from
your current view of the situation to a better view. The skill of enlarging goals is the
willingness to answer the question “Is this as big a game as I want to play?” (Mapes,
2003 p. 66). (5) Be Flexible; Change is far too rapid for us to have rigid rules. No matter
27. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 27
where we are, “flexibility allows for faster course correction, less stress, and a quicker
response time to others’ needs” (Mapes, 2003 p. 66).
(6) Have Commitment; “Commitment propels the quantum leap, and commitment
only exists when you feel a personal stake in the outcome” (Mapes, 2003 p. 66). (7)
Empower; Empowerment “gives you and those around you the training, space, freedom,
authority, support, and resources to do the best job possible” (Mapes, 2003 p. 67).
Empowerment creates authority and ownership. (8) Communicate with Integrity; You
are your word. What you communicate is how you are perceived and who you are.
“When you take personal responsibility for your communication, you create partnerships
of the highest level” (Mapes, 2003 p. 67).
The next points of Quantum Leap Thinking are to (9) Create Partnership;
Partnership creates synergy, and synergy creates something larger than the power of the
individuals involved. “In essence 1 + 1 becomes 3…Interdependence is the center of any
relationship, whether it’s family, team, community, or corporation” (Mapes, 2003 p. 67).
“Interdependence is the center of any relationship, whether it’s family, team, community,
or corporation” (Mapes, 2003 p. 67). (10) Have Fun; Fun is not necessarily frivolous.
Fun is an attitude that “creates a healthy atmosphere for learning, creativity, innovation,
and productivity” (Mapes, 2003 p. 67). (11) Take Risks; Risk taking is the catalyst for
continuous learning, innovation, and growth. Encourage risk taking in others and take
risks yourself. The “benefits of taking a risk almost always outweigh the results of
playing it safe” (Mapes, 2003 p. 67). The final points of Quantum Leap Thinking are
(12) Trust; Trust comes from faith. When you have done all that you can do, it is time to
28. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 28
trust. “Both self-trust and trust in others are key elements in taking the quantum leap”
(Mapes, 2003 p. 67).
(13) Love; Love is unconditional. Love is letting go of fear. Love “is the most
empowering filter we can look through because when you choose to see the world
through the eyes of love, you respect the dignity of others and reduce negative stress in
yourself and others” (Mapes, 2003 p. 68). And finally, (14) Support; Support promotes
the confidence to think creatively, take risks, and deal with ambiguity. The successful
Quantum Leap Thinker both asks for and gives support. “Building the foundation and
balancing the 14 building blocks is work, but it has already been learned that you have
the tools to do it and the people to help” (Mapes, 2003 p. 68).
Analysis & Results
Survey Results
1. I am a male? 100%
2. I identify as African-American? 98% Yes / 2% No
3. State you are from? 77% CT / 17% other states / 6% No answer
4. Country you are from? 86% U.S. / 7% Other / 7% No answer
5. Age? 10 - 20 / 21 – 30 / 31 – 40 / 41 – 50 / 51 – 60 / 61 – 70 / 71 – 80+ / N.a.
16% 17% 27% 14% 17% 4% 2% 2%
6. Marital Status? Single / Married / Divorced / Widowed / No answer
75% 10% 4% 2% 9%
7. Educational level? n/a / High School / College / Graduate Level / Ph. D
5% 46% 37% 12% 0%
8. I played high school sports? 68% Yes / 32% No
29. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 29
9. I played college sports? 13% Yes / 87% No
High School Sports
Basketball, Football, Baseball, Track, Soccer, Lacrosse, Hockey, Wrestling, Tennis,
Cross-Country, Swimming
College Sports
Basketball, Football, Baseball, Track
12. Have you ever been arrested? 63% Yes / 37% No
I believe that African-Americans
are inferior to Europeans?
Strongly
Agree
7%
Agree
10%
Indifferent
12%
Disagree
22%
Strongly
disagree
49%
I believe that it is okay to hit
your intimate partner?
Strongly
agree
4%
Agree
1%
Indifferent
3%
Disagree
23%
Strongly
disagree
69%
I believe that African-American
males are portrayed well in the
media?
Strongly
agree
6%
Agree
8%
Indifferent
12%
Disagree
29%
Strongly
disagree
45%
Do you have a close parent-child
bond with your biological
father?
Strongly
agree
32%
Agree
22%
Indifferent
14%
Disagree
17%
Strongly
disagree
15%
I believe that I inflict racial
oppression upon myself?
Strongly
agree
8%
Agree
19%
Indifferent
7%
Disagree
27%
Strongly
disagree
44%
I believe that I am empowered as
a leader in my family?
Strongly
agree
40%
Agree
42%
Indifferent
10%
Disagree
4%
Strongly
disagree
4%
I believe that attending an
African-American, all-male high
school/college (HBCU) would
benefit me?
Strongly
agree
19%
Agree
24%
Indifferent
31%
Disagree
10%
Strongly
disagree
15%
Does/Did the American
educational system fully engage
your learning abilities?
Strongly
agree
14%
Agree
27%
Indifferent
13%
Disagree
30%
Strongly
disagree
16%
Do you believe that African-
American men in America are
an “endangered species”?
Strongly
agree
27%
Agree
27%
Indifferent
14%
Disagree
19%
Strongly
disagree
13%
Do you feel that President
Barack Obama has served
African-Americans in
particular?
Strongly
agree
15%
Agree
24%
Indifferent
29%
Disagree
17%
Strongly
disagree
15%
30. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 30
Interview Results
The interviews that were conducted netted the same ideas as the survey
respondents with two exceptions. One interviewee said that “Everybody wants to be
Black now…but no one wants to “be” Black. They want to be Black for the genetics, but
not for the social stigma. They want to take the positives, but leave the negatives”.
Conclusions/Recommendations/Next Steps
The survey results are straight-forward, but they have their quirks. For instance,
100% of the participants were males, but 98% were African-Americans. One person
“looked” African-American to the researcher, and he selected him using the non-
probability aspect of the research method, using personal judgment. The individual
indicated that he was not African-American, but continued to complete the survey. The
second individual was a 20-year-old Caucasian male, who knew that he did not fit the
survey population, but wanted to fill out a survey anyway, so the researcher obliged.
This baffled the researcher, and taught him not to judge a person by their looks.
When asked what state they were from 77% of the individuals were from the
Connecticut, while 6% were from New York, two people were from Alabama, two were
from Virginia, and one person each were from Delaware, California, Louisiana,
Michigan, Florida, South Carolina, and Massachusetts. When asked what country they
were from 86% were from the United States, while 5% were from Jamaica, 7% did not
answer, maybe because of some type of fear, and one each were from Puerto Rico and the
United States Virgin Islands. The age ranges were easily tabulated in ranges of ten, from
the age of ten to the age of 80 plus. The most represented group was between 31 and 40,
with 27% volunteerism. The researcher believes that this has occurred because the
31. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 31
researcher is in this age range also, which is what may have compelled individuals in this
age range to be alerted to the survey, being able to see “eye to eye” with these persons.
The next question was about marital status. 75% of the individuals reported being single,
which is a blaring red flag. With only 10% of the males reporting being married, this is a
problem in the African-American community. Marriage needs to be promoted more
often in order to get the black males living healthier and longer.
When asked about educational level, 46% of the males reported completing a high
school level education, while 37% indicated that they completed a college education,
which is a positive indicator. 12% indicated that they completed at the graduate level,
while none completed a doctorate level education, which is another red flag. Why are
there no Black men with doctorate degrees represented, and how representative is this in
correlation with the whole country? If this is a representative number, Blacks males need
to emphasize on obtaining doctorate degrees. 5% did not answer, maybe out of
embarrassment of not having a diploma at all.
When asked about participating in high school sports, 68% of the respondents
indicated that they participated, which can imply a few things. It could imply that
according to this percentage, high school African-American males are pushed into sports
instead of emphasizing academics. It also can imply that African-American males are
naturally dominant in sports, so they are more inclined to play sports and make the high
school teams. When it comes to the college level though, only 13% indicated that they
participated. This can imply that since academics are not emphasized to Black males
they are less likely to continue on to college. The sports played most by these individuals
at both levels are basketball, followed closely by football and baseball. The other sports
32. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 32
indicated were track, soccer, tennis, hockey, lacrosse, wrestling, gymnastics, cross-
country and swimming. Of the 100 people surveyed, 63% reported being arrested before,
which confirms the literature of this case study that African-Americans are
disproportionately placed in trouble with law enforcement.
When the respondents were asked if they believed that they were inferior to
Europeans they mostly strongly disagreed, with 49% of the vote. 22% disagreed also, but
what troubled the researcher was that 10% agreed and 7% strongly agreed! This
confirms the literature that some African-Americans do believe that they are inferior to
Europeans. 5% did not answer the question, maybe because it is a controversial question.
When asked if they believe that it is okay to hit an intimate partner, 69% responded no,
which may mean that most African-American males surveyed do not do it, or that they
refrained from indicating it on a survey. What is alarming is that 4% responded strongly
agree, while 1% agreed and 3% were indifferent. Who are these guys?
When asked if they believed that African-Americans are represented well in the
media 45% strongly disagreed, while 29% disagreed. This confirms the popular belief
that African-Americans are not portrayed well in the media. When asked if they had a
close parent-child bond with their father 32% strongly agreed, while 22% agreed. This is
a positive trend in this group of people, but what is yet to be determined is if these fathers
are in the home or not, because the research says that African-American fathers usually
have to bond with their children from a distance. When asked do you believe that you
inflict racial oppression on yourself 44% strongly disagreed while 27% disagreed, which
is a positive sign contrary to the research. What is alarming is that 19% agreed and 8%
strongly agreed.
33. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 33
When asked do you believe that you are empowered as a leader in your family,
40% strongly agreed and 42% agreed, which is a positive trend in the research
population. When asked if they believed that an all-male, African-American high
school/college (HBCU) would benefit them, the respondents strongly agreed 19% of the
time, while still 24% agreed also. Surprisingly, 32% were indifferent, maybe because
they have no idea what an all-male school would be like, or they have no idea what
benefit an African-American studies education will do for them. This also may be
attributed to the way African-Americans sometimes detach themselves from African
culture. When asked if the American educational system engaged their learning abilities,
14% strongly agreed, while 27% agreed, which is contrary to the literature, but
nonetheless a positive trend. It shall be noted that 30% still disagreed with this question.
When asked if they believed that African-American men in America are an
endangered species 27% strongly agreed and another 27% agreed, which is alarming in
itself. 14% were indifferent, which means that they need to be educated on the subject.
19% disagreed, and 13% strongly disagreed, which is good, but we have to make these
individuals certain. They should not be uncertain about whether their sub-group of
people are endangered or not. Lastly, when asked if President Barack Obama has served
African-Americans in particular, 15% strongly agreed and 24% agreed, which is positive.
But, 28% were indifferent and 17% disagreed, and another 15% strongly disagreed! This
means that these individuals still do not believe that the president is serving them well
and that their needs are not being addressed, even though he campaigned on getting “the
Black vote”.
34. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 34
Recommendations
The first recommendation that is drawn from these conclusions is to institute an
all-male-African-American HBCU, or an all-male African-American Academy of
Excellence for 18-24 year-old males. The Academy of Excellence would take on the
format of a Job Corps structure, but would utilize Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as its
framework, would utilize 10x Leadership strategies in its curriculum, then would use
Quantum Leap Thinking as its principles, and Jack Welch’s theory on Candor as its
behavioral emphasis.
The second recommendation for the individuals 31-40 years old who represented
most of the volunteer surveyors and all the older age groups who were represented in the
surveying is to attend college. The researcher suggests Albertus Magnus College
Accelerated Degree Programs, as he has undertaken this same journey and knows it
works.
The third recommendation is to promote Ph. D attainment in the African-
American male community. By the survey results these individuals are not pursuing
doctorate degrees, which may be a “glass ceiling” for them. This needs to be improved.
Next Steps
1. Institute this case study for Caucasian males.
2. Institute this research for African-American females.
3. Find out if the father’s the African-American males had a bond with are “in the
home”.
4. Revise the question “I believe that I inflict racial oppression upon myself” to “Do
you believe that you “internalize racial oppression”. This is more direct.
35. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 35
References:
Adams, J., Khan, H., & Raeside, R. (2014). Research Methodology. In Research methods
for business and social science students (Second Ed.). Thousand Oaks, California:
Sage Publications.
Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2013). Preface. In Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice,
and leadership (5th ed.). San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
Clark, Rodney; Anderson, Norman B.; Clark, Vernessa R.; Williams, David R.
American Psychologist, Vol 54(10), Oct 1999, 805-816. doi: 10.1037/0003-
066X.54.10.805
Collins, J., & Hansen, M. (2011). 10xers. In Great by Choice: Uncertainty, Chaos, and
Luck: Why some thrive despite them all. New York, NY: HarperCollins
Davis, P. (2005). The Origins of African American Culture and Its Significance in
African American Student Academic Success. Journal Of Thought, 40(1), 43-59.
D, E. J. R. D. P. (2013). Internalized Oppression: The Psychology of Marginalized
Groups. Springer Publishing Company
Edmund T. Gordon, Edmund W. Gordon and Jessica G. G. Nembhard
Pedagogical and Contextual Issues Affecting African American Males in School
and Society, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 63, No. 4, (Autumn, 1994),
pp. 508-531
Franklin, R. (2009). The Future of Fatherhood and Families in African American
Communities. (Cover story). Harvard Journal of African American Public
Policy, 1579-90.
36. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 36
Garrison, A. H. (2011). DISPROPORTIONATE INCARCERATION OF AFRICAN
AMERICANS: WHAT HISTORY AND THE FIRST DECADE OF TWENTY-
FIRST CENTURY HAVE BROUGHT. Journal of the Institute of Justice and
International Studies, (11), 87-X. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.albertus.edu/login?
url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/903538372?accountid=41652
Kane, A. (2013, August 11). What does Black Failure Tell us about Blacks. Retrieved
September 29, 2014, from http://www.ambrosekane.com/2013/08/11/what-does-
black-failure-tell-us-about-blacks/
Mapes, J. (2003). The 14 Points of Quantum Leap Thinking. In Quantum leap thinking:
An owner's guide to the mind. Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks.
Nelson, D., & Quick, J. (2013). Motivation at Work. In ORGB (Student ed.). Mason, OH:
South-Western Cengage Learning.
Ronald E. Hall The Ball Curve
Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Sep., 2001), pp. 104-119
Stacey N A Brodie, W., & Morgan, K. A. D. (2011). Factors impacting delinquency in
Jamaican and African-American adolescents. International Journal of Business
and Social Science, 2(6) Retrieved from http://ezproxy.albertus.edu/login?
url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904525416?accountid=41652
Smith, E. (2008). African American Men and Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of
African American Studies, 12(2), 156-179. doi:10.1007/s12111-008-9039-4
Wayne M. B. & Darling C.A. Quality of Life: Perceptions of African Americans
37. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 37
Journal of Black Studies Vol. 30, No. 3 (Jan., 2000) , pp. 411-427
Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Stable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2645944
Welch, J., & Welch, S. (2005). Candor. In Winning. New York: Harper Business.
Appendix 1 / Survey Instrument
38. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 38
Thank you for volunteering to fill out this survey.
The information obtained will be utilized for a Master’s level research
project.
All information will remain confidential and only used for the purpose of
the study.
This study will be prepared for Albertus Magnus College.
This survey should take about 10 minutes.
1. I am a male? Yes / No
2. I identify as African-American? Yes / No
3. State you are from?
4. Country you are from (if applicable)?
5. Age?
6. Marital Status?
7. Educational level? n/a / High School / College / Graduate Level / Ph. D
8. I played high school sports? Yes / No
9. I played college sports? Yes / No
10. If so, which sport(s) in high school?
11. If so, which sport(s) in college?
12. Have you ever been arrested? Yes / No
I believe that African-Americans
are inferior to Europeans?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagre
e
Strongly
disagree
39. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 39
I believe that it is okay to hit your
intimate partner?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
I believe that African-American
males are portrayed well in the
media?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
Do you have a close parent-child
bond with your biological father?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
I believe that I inflict racial
oppression upon myself?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
I believe that I am empowered as
a leader in my family?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
I believe that attending an
African-American, all-male high
school/college (HBCU) would
benefit me?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
Does/Did the American
educational system fully engage
your learning abilities?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
Do you believe that African-
American men in America are an
“endangered species”?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
Do you feel that President Barack
Obama has served African-
Americans in particular?
Strongly
agree
Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly
disagree
*(HBCU) Historically Black Colleges & Universities
Thank you for your time in completing this survey. Your feedback is
appreciated!
Email to: mefreeman@albertus.edu (if applicable)
Appendix 2 / Interview Instrument
Research Project for African-American Males
40. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 40
Job Title:
Age:
Marital Status:
State:
Country:
Educational Level:
1. Do you believe that African-Americans are inferior to Europeans or any other
race?
2. Are you involved in a relationship that involves domestic violence?
3. How do you believe African-American males are portrayed in the media?
4. How do you believe that African-American males are portrayed on television?
5. Do you believe that African-American males are portrayed in the movies?
6. Do you have a close bond with your biological father?
7. Do you have a close bond with your biological mother?
8. Do you believe that you perpetuate racial oppression upon yourself?
41. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 41
9. Do you believe that you are looked at as the leader in your household?
10. If you had the opportunity, would you like to attend an African-American, all-
male institution of learning (i.e. high school/technical school/college (HBCU)?
11. Do you believe that you would benefit more from an education on African culture
than on the current Eurocentric educational system?
12. Does/Did the American educational system engage your learning abilities
effectively?
13. Do you believe that your learning abilities would be enhanced if applied to
African-American studies?
14. Do you believe that African-American men in America are an “endangered
species”?
15. Do you believe that President Barack Obama has served African-Americans well?
*(HBCU) Historically Black Colleges & Universities
Additional Comments:
Thank you very much for taking the time out to complete this interview!
Appendix 3 / Survey Diary
42. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 42
The researcher did surveying at The Old State House in Downtown Hartford,
Connecticut on October 20th
and 21st
of the year 2014. This experience was very fruitful
and interesting, primarily because of the location. This location is in the downtown
section of the city of Hartford, and the researcher set up outside The Old State House,
which invoked a sense of emphasis on history, culture, and awareness of the values of the
country of The United States of America by looking at the scenery.
The researcher drove around the survey site to find a good place to park. The
researcher then parked on the south side of the Old State House, with no parking permit.
The researcher then pulled out his gear and a fold-out table, and then went around the
building to find a good spot to set up. The researcher brought his wife along to assist in
conducting the survey. When the researcher found a good spot to set up his table and
gear on the north side of the building across from the Burger King, he was immediately
approached by a man who actually fit the survey population criteria, who was adamantly
inquiring about what was about to go on. This man was informed that a survey was about
to be conducted at this location, and that if he wanted he could participate. The
individual was elated about this and happily volunteered to fill out the survey.
The researcher then began to survey other African-American males. A white sign
in red Sharpie® that read “Survey (African-American males only)” was taped to the front
of the fold-out table. The method of getting volunteers was simple; to stand in place and
wait for the interest to grow to make people want to take the survey. Then, after a while,
the researcher would ask people walking by if they had five minutes to spare to take a
survey. This is where the probability & non-probability aspect of the surveying takes
place. This process started at 2:45pm, because the researcher felt that this was a good
43. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 43
time to catch people going home that may have a few minutes to spare to take a survey.
The participants gladly took part in the survey, while some participants stopped to talk to
the researcher for a while, while still others congratulated the researcher and thanked him
for taking the time to conduct research on such a controversial, but important topic.
In the midst of conducting the surveys, the researcher has realized how he will
have to format the survey population because of the lack of participation on social media.
The researcher will now have to lump all of the social media participation, as well as
friends and family members and survey sites like The Old State House all together. The
researcher was not able to conduct any surveys at the Buckland Mall because of the lack
of the required insurance. The researcher has conducted surveys at The Westfarms Mall
before, so the two malls must have different policies, so the researcher scrapped the two
malls altogether.
The researcher will be able to statistically tabulate the results of the surveys, as
well as any other inferences that are made. The initial analysis that has been made is that
this project is not simple; it takes a substantial amount of time, organization,
coordination, effort, will, as well as expertise. It is very important to cover all bases, as
well as make the project interesting. This takes much creativity and preparation, as well
as support. The researcher then conducted his survey at the Four Brothers Barbershop at
775 Silver Lane in East Hartford on October 25th
, 2014. The researcher surveyed the four
barbers, as well as associates of the researcher, and some of the patrons that were already
there, and some of the patrons coming in and out. While the researcher was at the
barbershop, a conversation on the topic of Black male upliftment occurred naturally.
44. AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES 44
The barbers lauded the researcher and recommended that he come back to do
activities such as this more often. The researcher then left the barbershop about two
hours after he arrived.
The researcher then conducted his final block of surveys at The Old State House
on October 29th
, 2014. The researcher parked in the State House Square parking garage
at this time, because he was told that he could get his parking validated by The Old State
House by attending a voting rights event at the Old State House. The researcher found
this fitting and obliged. The researcher set up at 10:00am, and attended the event at
noon. The researcher then left got his parking validated, then conducted his last surveys.
The researcher had a great conversation with a good old friend, who also participated in
the survey, and then he proceeded to leave the survey site for the last time.