CBDV is a research venture that seeks to add fundamental scientific insight to cannabis production through collaboration. It operates a research hub in Vancouver for process design, optimization, analytics, and formulation research. CBDV collaborates with academic and industry partners globally on topics like extraction optimization, analytics for reaction monitoring, and computational studies on decarboxylation rates. The goal is to answer fundamental questions about cannabis cultivation and processing to support a mature cannabis products market.

1. Collaborative Research for
Fundamental Insight into
Cannabis Production
Dr. Markus Roggen

2. Fundamental Collaboration
• Fundamental Questions
• Collaboration, Current
• Fundamental Research
• Collaboration, Future

3. Fundamental Questions
• What to produce?
• Which cannabis cultivar is the right one?
• How to grow cannabis?
• How to process cannabis?
• How to extract cannabis?
• How to formulate cannabis extracts?
• How to treat patients with cannabis products?

4. A Mature Market Demands Cannabis Extracts
Concentrates may surpass flower as the #1 product in the US.
2017 2022
Flower
Concentrates
Edibles
Other
Source: Arcview & BDSAnalytics Cannabis Intelligence Briefing

5. A Mature Market Demands Cannabis Extracts
NorthAmerica’s expansion (2015: $5bn to 2018: $11bn) reduces cannabis price

6. Type of Cannabis Extracts
There is a dizzying array of products available and various extraction methods.
• Hash, Rosin
• Shatter, wax
• Distillate, Isolate
• Crude, HTFSE, …

7. Complex Biotech Discovery Ventures
CBDV is a young research venture that seeks to add fundamental scientific
insight to the field of cannabis production.
We seek to support the cannabis industry by establishing a centralized
hub in Vancouver, BC for collaborative research focused on:
• Process Design
• Process Optimization
• Process Analytics
• Formulation Research

8. CBDV’s Collaborative Research
CBDV collaborates with academic, industry and private groups around the
globe. Some highlights of those collaborations are:
• University of British Columbia, Vancouver
• Loyalist College, Belleville
• Vialpando, LLC by Dr. Monica Vialpando
• Veridient Science by Dr. Linda Klumpers
• Fritsch Milling
• PerkinElmer

9. Fundamental Questions
• What to produce?
• Which cannabis cultivar is the right one?
• How to grow cannabis?
• How to process cannabis?
• How to extract cannabis?
• How to formulate cannabis extracts?
• How to treat patients with cannabis products?

10. Fundamental Questions
• What to produce?
• Which cannabis cultivar is the right one?
• How to grow cannabis?
• How to process cannabis?
• How to extract cannabis?
• How to formulate cannabis extracts?
• How to treat patients with cannabis products?

11. Processing Extracts
Decarboxylation is one of the most critical processing steps.

12. How do You Decarboxylate?
There is a lack of universal agreement regarding reaction conditions.
• Oven heating
• Hot plate
• Microwave
• Oil bath
• Other?

13. Don’t Decarboxylate to Long
Problems of excess heating:
• Availability of instruments
• Higher costs of production
• Side reaction and degradation
• Lower yields
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
THC
THC(%)
CBN&d8-THC(%)
d8-THC
CBN
Elapsed Time (Minutes)

14. Reaction Monitoring of Decarboxylation
Current
• Subjective determination of reaction completeness
• Reactionary approach
• Inconsistent batches
• Lack of quality & process control
vs. Optimal
• Rapid
• Simple
• Accurate
• Small sample volume

15. In-Process Analytics
Infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for reaction monitoring.
BG62-64 T0
Name
Sample 023 By Administrator Date Thursday, July 12 2018
Description
1750 8001600 1400 1200 1000
0.23
-0.01
-0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
cm-1
A
_ Start THCA
20.87 %
End THCA
1.56 %

16. Monitoring THCA In-Process
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
THCA(%)
Elapsed Time (Minutes)

17. Monitoring THCA In-Process
16
26
36
46
56
66
76
16 26 36 46 56 66 76
Predicted%THC
Reference % THC

18. Monitoring THCA In-Process
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
THCA(%)
Elapsed Time (Minutes)

19. Monitoring THCA In-Process
Why bother?
Optimization Precision Decarboxylation

20. Decarboxylation Observation
Not all Decarboxylations are equal

21. Collaboration: Computational Studies
Steric vs. Electronic: Exploring the Rate Difference in THCA and CBDA
Decarboxylation
1T-S1 1C-S1
Bot View
THCA CDBA
Top View

22. Collaboration: Computational Studies
kJ/mol
0
50
100
150
200
0 1 2 3 4 5 61T 1C
1C-S1(MeOH) 1C-S3(MeOH)
1C-TS2(MeOH)
1T-TS2(MeOH)

23. Collaboration: Computational Studies
Key Findings:
• Rate determining step is the intermolecular protonation
• Rate difference is due to steric rather than electronic effects
1C-TS2(MeOH)

24. Fundamental Questions
• What to produce?
• Which cannabis cultivar is the right one?
• How to grow cannabis?
• How to process cannabis?
• How to extract cannabis?
• How to formulate cannabis extracts?
• How to treat patients with cannabis products?

25. What is Cannabis?
• Indica vs. Sativa
Phylos Bioscience

26. What is Cannabis?
• Indica vs. Sativa
• Strain names

27. What is Cannabis?
• Indica vs. Sativa
• Strain names
• High THC vs. high CBD
John S. Abrams, PhD; The
CESC

28. Chemovars
• Indica vs. Sativa
• Strain names
• High THC vs. high CBD
• Chemovars

29. Chemovars
Hazekamp, et al.; Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2016, 1.1
• Indica vs. Sativa
• Strain names
• HighTHC vs. high CBD
• Chemovars

30. Chemovars
Orser C, Johnson S, Speck M, HilyardA,Afia I (2018)TerpenoidChemoprofiles Distinguish Drug-type
Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars in Nevada. Nat ProdChem Res 6: 304.
• Indica vs. Sativa
• Strain names
• HighTHC vs. high CBD
• Chemovars

31. Chemovars
• Indica vs. Sativa
• Strain names
• High THC vs. high CBD
• Chemovars
DiscOmic by Digamma Consulting

32. Unknown unknowns
CBDV’s Metabolite Database

33. Unknown unknowns
CBDV’s Metabolite Database
• 24 compound categories
• 762 compounds

34. Unknown unknowns
CBDV’s Metabolite Database
• 24 compound categories
• 762 compounds
• 75 cannabinoids
• 416 terpenes

35. Known unknowns
Solubility data from literature & in-house data
Solubility of cannabinoids in supercritical CO2 at 326K
K.H. Perrotin-Brunel et al. / J. of Supercritical Fluids 55 (2010) 603–608

36. Known unknowns
Solubility data from literature & in-house data
% Decarb
THC/THCA
S.M. 7h 22h
SuperCrit 8.0% 25% 10%
SubCrit 14% 25% 14%
CBG/total
Canna.
S.M. 7h 22h
SuperCrit 2.9% 6.% 2.9%
SubCrit 3.0% 13% 4.9%

37. Unknown knowns
DoE surfaces of solubility

38. Fundamental Questions
• What to produce?
• Which cannabis cultivar is the right one?
• How to grow cannabis?
• How to process cannabis?
• How to extract cannabis?
• How to formulate cannabis extracts?
• How to treat patients with cannabis products?

39. Collaboration: Extraction Optimization
For what:
• Yield per Run YpR
• Yield per Week YpW
• Cannabinoid Conc. CC
• Terpene Content TC
• Recovery Rec
• …
With what:
• Temperature T
• Pressure P
• Time t
• Flow Rate FR
• Particle Size PS
• …

40. Size does Matter
Small and even particle size enables:
• Higher packing density
• Improved extraction efficiency
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
Non-Ground Food
Blender
2 mm 6 mm 10 mm
%Recovery
Cannabinoid Recovery by Size
75
80
85
90
95
Non-Ground Food
Blender
2 mm 6 mm 10 mm
%Recovery
Terpene Recovery by Size

41. Collaboration: Extraction Optimization
Temperature (˚C)
Pressure (psi)
Yield THC (g)
34
60 1100
1900
47
1500
0

42. Collaboration: Extraction Optimization
Temperature (˚C)
Pressure (psi)
Yield THC (g)
34
60 1100
1900
47
1500
0

43. Collaboration: Extraction Optimization
Temperature (˚C)
Pressure (psi)
Yield THC (g)
34
60 1100
1900
47
1500
0

44. Collaboration: SFE Database

45. Collaboration: SFE Database

46. Collaboration: SFE Database

47. Collaboration: SFE DoE
SFE optimized for single separator
Cannabinoid Concentration

48. Collaboration: SFE DoE
SFE optimized for single separator
Cannabinoid Yield

49. Fundamental Collaboration
• Fundamental Questions
• Collaboration, Current
• Fundamental Research
• Collaboration, Future

50. Collaborative Data Analysis
cbdvl.com/freedata
• Free extraction data analysis file
• Basic analysis tools
• Send back for in-depth analysis (info@cbdvl.com)

51. Collaborative Data Analysis
cbdvl.com/freedata
• Free extraction data analysis file
• Basic analysis tools
• Send back for in-depth analysis (info@cbdvl.com)

52. Thank You
Thanks go to our collaborators:
• Blake Grauerholz, OutCo
• Taylor Trah, OutCo
• Dr. Allison Justice, Hemp Mine
• Ariel Bohman, PerkinElmer
• Dr. Toby Astill, PerkinElmer
• Barry Schubmehl, Fritsch Milling
• Antonio Marelli, Imperial College
• Weiying He, UBC

53. CBDV Team
Luiz Geraldo – VP Finance
Currently pursuing his MBA, Luiz is an Industrial
Engineer and has 5 years of experience in strategy
and operations consulting and strategic planning.
Gursaanj Singh Bajaj – Data Science Associate
Gursaanj is an Astrophysics major in the
department of Physics and Astronomy at UBC, with
a background in data analysis. He will be going into
his 4th year of his undergraduate degree.
Kendra Payne – VP Business Operations
Experienced Program Manager/Coordinator and
Senior Administrator with a demonstrated history of
working in the education management and
biotechnology industries. Skilled in Biotechnology,
Project Coordination and Life Sciences.
Callum MacPhee – Business Associate
Callum is a going into his fourth year at the
University of British Columbia and is pursuing
a Bachelor of Commerce.
Sajni Shah – Research Associate
Currently studying Chemical Biology in the
Department of Chemistry at UBC. She is
going into her final year of her undergraduate
studies.
Klara Wyse – Marketing Associate
Klara is a Media Studies and Urban Studies
student at UBC, going into their fourth year.

54. Dr. Markus Roggen markus@cbdvl.com