Dr. Markus Roggen founded Complex Biotech Discovery Ventures (CBDV) to establish a research hub focused on fundamental scientific insights into cannabis production processes like decarboxylation and crystallization through collaborative projects with academic and industry partners utilizing analytical techniques like infrared spectroscopy and computational studies. CBDV seeks to optimize cannabis processing through in-line monitoring, design of experiments, data analytics, and developing a metabolite database to support the industry.
Don’t hold your breath: Smoke and vaping studies on cannabis products to qua...Markus Roggen
Delic Labs' research into cannabis smoking and vaping. We investigated the question of how much and at what point are THC and terpenes inhaled from Joints and Vape Cartridges.
Research by Dr. Markus Roggen of OutCo into cannabis extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. Effects of particle size, pressure, temperature and time are described.
Cannabis Chemistry Industrial Applications of Chemistry & Innovation and Entr...Markus Roggen
Lecture at the chemistry department of Imperial College, London. A brought overview and specific deep dive into the chemical aspects of cannabis production.
What is in your vape?! CannMed 2019 PresentationMarkus Roggen
The current research on cannabis smoking and vaping. How much THC is inhaled, which compounds are formed through heating and combustion, and how is this research done.
Don’t hold your breath: Smoke and vaping studies on cannabis products to qua...Markus Roggen
Delic Labs' research into cannabis smoking and vaping. We investigated the question of how much and at what point are THC and terpenes inhaled from Joints and Vape Cartridges.
Research by Dr. Markus Roggen of OutCo into cannabis extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. Effects of particle size, pressure, temperature and time are described.
Cannabis Chemistry Industrial Applications of Chemistry & Innovation and Entr...Markus Roggen
Lecture at the chemistry department of Imperial College, London. A brought overview and specific deep dive into the chemical aspects of cannabis production.
What is in your vape?! CannMed 2019 PresentationMarkus Roggen
The current research on cannabis smoking and vaping. How much THC is inhaled, which compounds are formed through heating and combustion, and how is this research done.
MJBiz Con: Leading Issues in Hemp ScienceMarkus Roggen
As a previously banned crop, there is now a race to relearn hemp farming. Attendees will learn about the plant itself along with research on different processing steps and the effects that those steps have on product makeup, particularly THC concentration.
Data Analytics for Process OptimizationMarkus Roggen
Understanding the cannabis production processes is key to improve them. We present our data analytics and optimization principles for cannabis extraction and processing.
Optimization of the Decarboxylation Reaction in Cannabis ExtractMarkus Roggen
Presentation at Emerald Scientific Conference 2019. We present our work on building an in-process analytical method for cannabinoid quantification by IR for cannabis extract to track decarboxylation. Finding the endpoint is important for process efficiency, but surprisingly difficult. Therefore having a reliable quick and cheap tool to do so is of high value.
Artificial Intelligence for Craft Cannabis ProductsMarkus Roggen
Cannabis extraction operations focus on extraction yields. This is an imprecise way to think about production. Defining the yield as yield per pound of biomass is very difference to yield per hour. And yield should not be the only focus for extractors. Quality of extract, cost of extraction, loss in post-processing, all these aspects should be considered too.
Our laboratory undertook extensive experimental studies on the extraction behavior of various solvents. We furthermore analyzed thousands of real-world extractions, from various producers and for different instruments to build a machine learning algorithm that can optimize extraction processes autonomously.
We present our latest results and insights from developing and utilizing our extraction optimization AI, to give the audience most actionable insight on how to make better cannabis extracts.
Presenting our research on molecular changes in flower and extract. A visual guide through the production pipeline. With added data sets for better insight.
Cannabis & Hemp Science Seminar Series - VancouverMarkus Roggen
Controlling Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Flower and Extract
Our latest research results on drying, curing and extraction of cannabis to control the chemical composition of the plant and its extracts.
Cannabis Analysis Identification and Quantification of THC and CBD by GC/FID ...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Analysis of cannabis has taken on new importance in light of legalized marijuana in several states of the USA. Cannabis contains several different components classed as cannabinoids. Primary cannabinoids of interest are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN). Positive identification and quantification of the THC/CBD ratio is a primary objective in the analysis of cannabis. Cannabis is analyzed for several different purposes. This application note will concentrate on the potency identification and quantification of THC and CBD in cannabis by Gas Chromatography.
Prakash Chemicals International offers toluene diisocyanate chemical at affordable prices. To know more about toluene diisocyanate products. Visit our website today.
Crystallizing the science of CBD purificationMarkus Roggen
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the new star of functional ingredients. It is a food, medicine, saviour of the farmers, even a health elixir.
The cannabis and hemp industries have recently experienced extreme growth and progress in all fields. Countries, states and countries are legalizing hemp and/or cannabis, cannabinoid producers see unpreceded business growth, new treatment option for various conditions are researched and approved. But while the markets are growing, hemp and cannabis producers are suffering. An overproduction depresses commodity prices, and inefficient processes squeeze the profit margins. Additionally, hemp and cannabis products require high purity of cannabinoid ingredients, both from a regulatory level and for patient care.
This presentation will cover the latest research on CBD isolation, from its solubility behaviour in common extraction solvents to purification via crystallization. Our latest findings in understanding, controlling, and optimizing cannabis production in analytics, processing, extraction and formulation are presented. The collaborative effort of the multidisciplinary research team at Delic Labs led to a diverse set of insight in every stage of production.
From Leaf to Lab: Uncovering the Molecular Mysteries of CannabisMarkus Roggen
This lecture presents our cannabis research, conducted in collaboration with the University of British Columbia (UBC) Chemistry Department.
Bridging the gap between analytical chemistry, machine learning, and synthetic chemistry, this compilation of studies explores the multifaceted nature of cannabis compounds. We begin with advancements in extraction techniques, utilizing machine learning to optimize yield predictions in large-scale botanical recovery, specifically focusing on cannabis. This approach significantly enhances the efficiency and precision of extraction processes. We then transitions to molecular analysis, examining the stability and transformation of CBD derivatives, highlighting the need for robust quality control in product development. Additionally, the lecture addresses the critical aspect of safety in cannabis use by exploring innovative strategies for heavy metal testing, demonstrating how pooling methods can reduce testing resources while maintaining safety standards. The lecture will answer the question of how to build the best joint, the implications of joint architecture on cannabis consumption, offering insights into optimizing product efficacy and consumer experience.
Overall, this lecture encapsulates the collaborative efforts between academia and innovative research, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and potential of cannabis chemistry.
MJBiz Con: Leading Issues in Hemp ScienceMarkus Roggen
As a previously banned crop, there is now a race to relearn hemp farming. Attendees will learn about the plant itself along with research on different processing steps and the effects that those steps have on product makeup, particularly THC concentration.
Data Analytics for Process OptimizationMarkus Roggen
Understanding the cannabis production processes is key to improve them. We present our data analytics and optimization principles for cannabis extraction and processing.
Optimization of the Decarboxylation Reaction in Cannabis ExtractMarkus Roggen
Presentation at Emerald Scientific Conference 2019. We present our work on building an in-process analytical method for cannabinoid quantification by IR for cannabis extract to track decarboxylation. Finding the endpoint is important for process efficiency, but surprisingly difficult. Therefore having a reliable quick and cheap tool to do so is of high value.
Artificial Intelligence for Craft Cannabis ProductsMarkus Roggen
Cannabis extraction operations focus on extraction yields. This is an imprecise way to think about production. Defining the yield as yield per pound of biomass is very difference to yield per hour. And yield should not be the only focus for extractors. Quality of extract, cost of extraction, loss in post-processing, all these aspects should be considered too.
Our laboratory undertook extensive experimental studies on the extraction behavior of various solvents. We furthermore analyzed thousands of real-world extractions, from various producers and for different instruments to build a machine learning algorithm that can optimize extraction processes autonomously.
We present our latest results and insights from developing and utilizing our extraction optimization AI, to give the audience most actionable insight on how to make better cannabis extracts.
Presenting our research on molecular changes in flower and extract. A visual guide through the production pipeline. With added data sets for better insight.
Cannabis & Hemp Science Seminar Series - VancouverMarkus Roggen
Controlling Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Flower and Extract
Our latest research results on drying, curing and extraction of cannabis to control the chemical composition of the plant and its extracts.
Cannabis Analysis Identification and Quantification of THC and CBD by GC/FID ...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Analysis of cannabis has taken on new importance in light of legalized marijuana in several states of the USA. Cannabis contains several different components classed as cannabinoids. Primary cannabinoids of interest are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN). Positive identification and quantification of the THC/CBD ratio is a primary objective in the analysis of cannabis. Cannabis is analyzed for several different purposes. This application note will concentrate on the potency identification and quantification of THC and CBD in cannabis by Gas Chromatography.
Prakash Chemicals International offers toluene diisocyanate chemical at affordable prices. To know more about toluene diisocyanate products. Visit our website today.
Crystallizing the science of CBD purificationMarkus Roggen
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the new star of functional ingredients. It is a food, medicine, saviour of the farmers, even a health elixir.
The cannabis and hemp industries have recently experienced extreme growth and progress in all fields. Countries, states and countries are legalizing hemp and/or cannabis, cannabinoid producers see unpreceded business growth, new treatment option for various conditions are researched and approved. But while the markets are growing, hemp and cannabis producers are suffering. An overproduction depresses commodity prices, and inefficient processes squeeze the profit margins. Additionally, hemp and cannabis products require high purity of cannabinoid ingredients, both from a regulatory level and for patient care.
This presentation will cover the latest research on CBD isolation, from its solubility behaviour in common extraction solvents to purification via crystallization. Our latest findings in understanding, controlling, and optimizing cannabis production in analytics, processing, extraction and formulation are presented. The collaborative effort of the multidisciplinary research team at Delic Labs led to a diverse set of insight in every stage of production.
From Leaf to Lab: Uncovering the Molecular Mysteries of CannabisMarkus Roggen
This lecture presents our cannabis research, conducted in collaboration with the University of British Columbia (UBC) Chemistry Department.
Bridging the gap between analytical chemistry, machine learning, and synthetic chemistry, this compilation of studies explores the multifaceted nature of cannabis compounds. We begin with advancements in extraction techniques, utilizing machine learning to optimize yield predictions in large-scale botanical recovery, specifically focusing on cannabis. This approach significantly enhances the efficiency and precision of extraction processes. We then transitions to molecular analysis, examining the stability and transformation of CBD derivatives, highlighting the need for robust quality control in product development. Additionally, the lecture addresses the critical aspect of safety in cannabis use by exploring innovative strategies for heavy metal testing, demonstrating how pooling methods can reduce testing resources while maintaining safety standards. The lecture will answer the question of how to build the best joint, the implications of joint architecture on cannabis consumption, offering insights into optimizing product efficacy and consumer experience.
Overall, this lecture encapsulates the collaborative efforts between academia and innovative research, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and potential of cannabis chemistry.
Total Legal: A “Joint” Journey into the Chemistry of CannabinoidsMarkus Roggen
This lecture gives an overview of the state of the cannabis science, the North American markets and our cannabis research.
Bridging the gap between analytical chemistry, machine learning, and synthetic chemistry, this compilation of studies explores the multifaceted nature of cannabis compounds. We begin with advancements in extraction techniques, utilizing machine learning to optimize yield predictions in large-scale botanical recovery, specifically focusing on cannabis. This approach significantly enhances the efficiency and precision of extraction processes. We then transitions to molecular analysis, examining the stability and transformation of CBD derivatives, highlighting the need for robust quality control in product development. Additionally, the lecture addresses the critical aspect of safety in cannabis use by exploring innovative strategies for heavy metal testing, demonstrating how pooling methods can reduce testing resources while maintaining safety standards. The lecture will answer the question of how to build the best joint, the implications of joint architecture on cannabis consumption, offering insights into optimizing product efficacy and consumer experience.
Overall, this lecture encapsulates the collaborative efforts between academia and innovative research, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and potential of cannabis chemistry.
Fast-track solutions to address challenges with Host Cell Proteins in early d...Merck Life Sciences
Watch this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3fFRXDb
This webinar illustrates a customer case study about the challenges related to the removal of Host Cell Proteins from bioreactor harvest, the selected fast-track approach and outcome.
Our customer had one month to reduce the level of HCPs in the bioreactor harvest prior to a production run to supply drug substance for a scheduled Phase 1 clinical trial. The high level of HCPs (1,000,000 in the harvest and 700 ppm at the end of purification) unfavorably impacted the planned clarification process and subsequent downstream steps.
The goal was to reduce the level of HCPs to maximum of 300 ppm at the end of process purification and ensure clarification of the entire 2000L harvest.
In this webinar, you will learn about:
- Challenges with Host Cell Proteins
- Fast-Track Approach using caprylic acid precipitation followed by filtration using Clarisolve® filters
- The impact of Design of Experiment
Fast-track solutions to address challenges with Host Cell Proteins in early d...MilliporeSigma
Watch this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3fFRXDb
This webinar illustrates a customer case study about the challenges related to the removal of Host Cell Proteins from bioreactor harvest, the selected fast-track approach and outcome.
Our customer had one month to reduce the level of HCPs in the bioreactor harvest prior to a production run to supply drug substance for a scheduled Phase 1 clinical trial. The high level of HCPs (1,000,000 in the harvest and 700 ppm at the end of purification) unfavorably impacted the planned clarification process and subsequent downstream steps.
The goal was to reduce the level of HCPs to maximum of 300 ppm at the end of process purification and ensure clarification of the entire 2000L harvest.
In this webinar, you will learn about:
- Challenges with Host Cell Proteins
- Fast-Track Approach using caprylic acid precipitation followed by filtration using Clarisolve® filters
- The impact of Design of Experiment
Controlling Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Flower & ExtractBlake Grauerholz
This talk encompasses all of our recent work from 2016-2017. Methods for optimizing & preserving terpene and cannabinoid composition is a primary focus covering all aspects from cultivation, harvest, extraction, to packaging of finished products.
Laboratories use a variety of methodologies to test the countless analytes that are of interest to the agriculture community. Understanding the method used for a test provides a broader context for understanding your test results
From Screening to QC: Development Considerations for Octet MethodsKBI Biopharma
The Octet is a powerful platform that can be used for rapid binding analysis of samples throughout development, stability testing and can be implemented or release of GMP material. For potency analysis of GMP materials, methods must demonstrate precision, accuracy, specificity and linearity across the range of specifications.
Hot Topics and Hotboxing: Latest research on cannabis aerosolsMarkus Roggen
Cannabis testing focuses on harm reduction, by testing for unwanted pesticides, heavy metals and biological contamination. On one side, cannabinoid levels are precisely measured in the product.
Although these final product tests miss one important aspect of cannabis consumption. The actual process of consumption. For inhalable products, like joints and vape cartridges, the dosing of cannabinoids and chemical changes during burning/vaporization are mostly unknow.
We have developed a testing platform to quantify cannabinoid and terpene levels on a puff per puff basis. This setup also allows us to screen the aerosol and gas phase for potential toxicants present. We also looked at cannabinoid concentrations puff by puff, how those compare between joints and vapes, and how those levels change over the lifecycle of a product.
In this talk we will present our findings from our latest vape and joint experiment and answer the longstanding question: Which part of a joint is the best to smoke? And, will cannabis kill you?
Leo International CBD Science and Bio-AvailabilityTravisLeo
CBD with Preclinical Tests, under FDA guidelines to assist in the transfer to FDA regulation. Focusing on Bio-Availability, stability and Arthritis studies.
*This Information has not been evaluated by the FDA, the efficacy of these products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Birds, Bees and Buds: How to Talk About Cannabis and How to Label it CorrectlyMarkus Roggen
The current labeling of cannabis products is complicated, useless, and even gives the wrong incentive to the customer. The current market is tilted towards buying the highest total THC percentage, because it is a number that everyone believes they understand. There is a lot wrong with this. Starting from the problem that total THC is miscalculated. Adding the fact that “potency” and intoxication are not directly linked. Cannabis offers more bioactive compounds then just THC and CBD, but current labeling doesn’t show it. How can we present a cannabis product in a new way to guide the customer/patent to the right product. This presentation will build on my publications in the area of total THC labeling and chemovar research.
This was a presidentation presented at the Cutting through the haze of vaping: A Town Hall discussion on Vaping during the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Midyear Meeting, March 9-13, 2020. Full audio is available https://www.aoac.org/news/audiocast-an-expert-discussion-on-vaping/
Christopher McKay - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute - Doctoral Defense Prese...Christopher McKay
Christopher McKay - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute - Doctoral Thesis Defense
Title: Hydrogels for Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Physical/Chemical Material Characterization and Assessment of Astrocytic Response
Different forms of an element can exhibit very different physicochemical properties, including varying toxicities. The chromatography process of separation and quantification of different chemical forms of an element, more specifically termed speciation analysis, can be utilized to determine an element’s various chemical forms. The food safety industries have significantly increased their interest in understanding an element’s various chemical forms due to pending legislative pressures. Learn about the latest developments in speciation technology and offer proof data for a wide variety of applications, including arsenic species in apple juice and rice syrup and iodine species in milk.
Unveiling the Cannabis Plant’s PotentialMarkus Roggen
Cannabinoid research is one of the most exciting areas of the cannabis science field, with new information being discovered about the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids on a seemingly frequent basis. As we learn more about the cannabinoids that make up the cannabis plant and their unique qualities, research must be conducted with a focus on applying knowledge toward developing wellness products and cannabis therapies for patients. This panel will discuss the unique challenges facing the cannabinoid research field, results from recent research efforts, and what the future may hold for therapeutic applications of cannabinoids.
Have a Good Trip? How to Analyze PsychedelicsMarkus Roggen
Entheogens, frequently used interchangeably with hallucinogens and psychedelics, are naturally occurring psychoactive substances. Historically, these substances have been used to induce a change of perception, mood, consciousness, or behavior for the purposes of spiritual development or social enrichment. In addition to these uses, these substances have become strong candidates for alternative medicines for the treatment of psychological disorders. Cannabis, a more common entheogen, has paved the way for decriminalization and legalization of other substances, such as psilocin, psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD to be used for clinical treatments. While these compounds in many places are still classified as Schedule I substances under the Controlled Substances Act, other entheogenic plants with different psychoactive compounds are not, such as Mitragyna speciosa and Amanita muscaria, which already appear on the market in the form of edibles, extracts, or powders. With the lack of standardized methods for these psychoactive targets, and with the rise of legalization and clinical treatment centers, it is important to understand this emerging market from a safety and quality perspective. This session will focus on emerging products, testing targets, sample preparation, method development, and analytical challenges. Attendees of this session will learn technical steps that need to be considered to develop robust, reproducible analytical methods, and a quality assurance program to expand into this new and evolving area of testing.
Your Secret Sauce to Succeeding as a Cannabis Business: A Data-Driven ApproachMarkus Roggen
The cannabis industry is going through boom-bust cycles, many businesses are losing money or barely scrape by. All that is set against an ever-growing market with sales growing 20-30% year over year.
In this session we are analysing various factors exerting pressure on the industry, from taxes to testing costs, but also business strategies and operational decisions. This is all funded on extensive analysis of dataset from sales, business performance, production processes and public sources.
The work from an interdisciplinary team of economists, data scientists and chemists cumulated in an in-depth analysis of the cannabis economy and guiding principles for industry-wide success.
How Long Is Your Trip? Analysing the Micros and Heroics of PsychedelicsMarkus Roggen
Psychedelics are a diverse group of drugs that are known for their ability to alter consciousness, perception, mood, and thought. Detecting the presence, quantity and quality of these compounds is crucial to research development and involves various analytical tools such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with optical or mass detectors, and other instruments types. These analytical tests are performed for a variety of reasons, including product, drug, or safety testing, all of which are subject to regulations and guidelines set by the licensing authorities. Besides the regulations, we face several other challenges with psychedelic analysis, such as the lack of standardized testing methods, difficulties in sample preparation, and analyte stability.
Simulations of Test Reduction Using Pooled Heavy Metals Analysis in CannabisMarkus Roggen
Background: Cannabis species have a propensity to bioaccumulate toxic heavy metals from their growth media. Increased testing for these metals is required to improve the safety of the legal medical and recreational cannabis industries. However, the current methods used for mandated heavy metals tests are not efficient for a large framework. As a result, there is limited testing capacity, high testing costs, and long wait times for results across North America.
Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate that pooling strategies can be used to increase the throughput in cannabis testing labs and reduce some of the strain on the industry.
Methods: This paper presents an algorithm to simulate different pooling strategies. The algorithm was applied to real world data sets collected from Washington and California state testing labs.
Results: Using a single pooling method, for the California lab, pooling four samples on average resulted in a 54.1% reduction in tests required for 100 samples. Conclusion: The algorithms generated from lab data demonstrated that pooled testing strategies can be developed on a case- by-case method to reduce the time, effort, and costs associated with heavy metals tests.
Highlights: The benefits of pooled testing will vary depending on the region and rate of contamination seen in each testing lab. Overall, our results demonstrate pooled testing has the potential to reduce the fiscal costs of testing through increased efficiency, allowing increased testing, leading to greater safety.
Structure Activity Relationship between the Emerging Psychedelic Industry and...Markus Roggen
Psilocybin mushrooms are at the center of a new psychedelic industry. Once formerly banned or heavily regulated, which limited clinical research into the active compounds' psilocybin and psilocin. However recent research has thrust this botanical and its active compounds are into the limelight and is building the foundation for promising medical therapies, particularly in the mental health space.
This resurgence comes at a time being hailed as the “psychedelic renaissance” as an explosion of exemptions are being granted for psychedelic research, and promising studies are being published.1 One study showed psilocybin helped 40 out of 51 patients with life-threatening cancer reduce their depressive and anxiety levels by over 50%, for up to 6 months with just a single dose.2 Another study found similar to LSD, psilocin is a 5-HT2A agonist, which causes epigenetic modifications that promotes the formation of cell growth proteins in mice. This might explain the increased neuronal growth that has been associated with psychedelic drugs.3,4
In order to validate these studies, the precise quantification of the compounds and methods used under the study is required. And the literature has not yet found an agreement on the best method to use. We present an overview of the current literature, and discuss methods we developed to produce robust and reliable results.
Furthermore, it is important to track the IP space around psychedelics. Compass Pathways, one of the first public for-profit psychedelic companies, was recently granted a patent for a crystalline form of psilocybin they named Polymorph A.5 A patent grants the right to exclude others from the use of that crystalline form.6,7 Now this patent is being challenged. But what does that mean? And why should people care? Lastly we discuss how companies are attempting to monopolize the use of psilocybin through the patenting process.
Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products have flooded the stores. With this new market segment, understanding of safety testing and regulatory oversight is still developing. We know that CBD is unstable in solution and some CBD products are anecdotally reported to turn purple on storage. HU-331, a readily-formed quinone derivative of CBD, is commonly identified in samples of CBD isolate and CBD-containing solutions such as e-liquids, and is frequently proposed as the origin for the purple discolouration of CBD-containing products.
We investigated its photo-induced degradation mechanism which leads to the discolouration in samples contaminated with HU-331, and isolate a previously unreported cannabinoid intermediate which we found rapidly reacts with oxygen to form a multitude of cannabinoid derivatives and reactive oxygen species. Notably, the identification of the novel intermediate resolves the unknown reactions pathways which lead to the discolouration of CBD-containing samples, and highlights the potentially destructive role that HU-331 contamination may cause. Our findings suggest that multiple unreported cannabinoid derivatives are likely present in aged CBD samples stored under ambient conditions with some likely responsible for the discolouration, calling for regulatory control of HU-331 contaminant levels in CBD products.
Out of the Shadows: Identifying Impurities in Cannabis ProductsMarkus Roggen
Highly concentrated cannabis products have seen rapid growth, as customers become more accustomed to cannabis consumption and actively seek out high-potency products. Cannabis concentrates come in various forms and product names, from Badder, Budder and Crumble to Distillate, Oil and Shatter. Those products can have THC concentrations are high as 95%, compared with less than 25% common in cannabis flower.
While the actual THC concentration can vary between 70 and 95%, what is common for all cannabis concentrates is that the total of identified compounds seldomly goes above 95% of product weight.
Delic Labs is a research venture that seeks to add fundamental scientific insight to the field of cannabis and mushroom production. In this regard, we set out to identify those compounds in the missing mass balance for cannabis concentrates. This presentation will show our latest advances in characterizing and quantifying impurities in cannabis concentrates. For example, we found reduced cannabinoid species in CBN products, THC isomers in distillates and oxidation products in CBD formulations.
Deep Purple: Discolouration in CBD productsMarkus Roggen
Presentation at ACS Spring 2022 conference.
Recently, there has been a flood of cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products, with divers marketing claims for a plethora of use cases. With this new market segment, regulatory oversight is still developing, and label claims of CBD concentration is often verifiable. CBD is unstable in solution and some CBD products are anecdotally reported to turn purple on storage; however, the decomposition products of CBD are mostly unknown.
Delic Lab embarked on a long and painstaking hunt for those decomposition products, established their identity through complementary chemical methods and established reaction pathways between them.
We will present our findings about common CBD oxidation products, who those are highly photochemically unstable and decomposes rapidly. Decomposition leads to a multitude of new cannabinoid derivatives.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
3. Who am I?
• Born in Germany
• Germans only drink beer
• Highschool with focus on chemistry and math
• One guy used cannabis, but he was from a different school
• M/Sci Chemistry from Imperial College, London (2008)
• Voted “university hardest to find drugs at”
4. Who am I?
• PhD Organic Chemistry at ETH Zürich with Prof. Carreira (2012)
• Switzerland!!!
• PostDoc Physical Organic Chemistry at Scripps with Prof. Blackmond (2013)
• Colorado just legalized, wrong state
• Trip to Berlin to visit brother (2014)
• Finally learn what cannabis smells like
7. Where am I now?
Complex Biotech Discovery Ventures
CBDV is a young research venture that seeks to add fundamental scientific
insight to the field of cannabis production.
We seek to support the cannabis industry by establishing a centralized
hub in Vancouver, BC for collaborative research focused on:
• Process Design
• Process Optimization
• Process Analytics
• Formulation Research
8. Where am I now?
Collaborative Research
CBDV collaborates with academic, industry and private groups around the
globe. Some highlights of those collaborations are:
• University of British Columbia, Vancouver
• Loyalist College, Belleville
• Vialpando, LLC by Dr. Monica Vialpando
• Veridient Science by Dr. Linda Klumpers
• Fritsch Milling
• PerkinElmer
9. What have I done?
I don’t know what cannabis is, so I try to understand it from first principle
• In-process analytics for reaction control
• Kinetic studies to understand mechanisms
• Computational studies to understand mechanisms
• Chemometrics and data analytics for process control and optimization
• Process development, like crystallization
Fundamental Cannabis Chemistry
11. How do You Decarboxylate?
There is a lack of universal agreement regarding reaction conditions.
• Oven heating
• Hot plate
• Microwave
• Oil bath
• Other?
12. Don’t Decarboxylate to Long
Problems of excess heating:
• Availability of instruments
• Higher costs of production
• Side reaction and degradation
• Lower yields
0
10
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40
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60
70
80
0
0.5
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0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
THC
THC(%)
CBN&d8-THC(%)
d8-THC
CBN
Elapsed Time (Minutes)
13. Reaction Monitoring of Decarboxylation
Current
• Subjective determination of reaction completeness
• Reactionary approach
• Inconsistent batches
• Lack of quality & process control
vs. Optimal
• Rapid
• Simple
• Accurate
• Small sample volume
14. In-Process Analytics
Infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for reaction monitoring.
BG62-64 T0
BG62-64 T80
Name
Sample 023 By Administrator Date Thursday, July 12 2018
Sample 041 By Administrator Date Thursday, July 12 2018
Description
1750 8001600 1400 1200 1000
0.23
-0.01
-0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
cm-1
A
_ Start THCA
20.87 %
End THCA
1.56 %
20. Computational Studies
Steric vs. Electronic: Exploring the Rate Difference in THCA and CBDA
Decarboxylation
1T-S1 1C-S1
Bot View
THCA CDBA
Top View
22. Computational Studies
Key Findings:
• Rate determining step is the intermolecular protonation
• Rate difference is due to steric rather than electronic effects
1C-TS2(MeOH)
23. Computational Studies
1: Work by Alex Siegel, presented at Emerald Conference 2020
• Δ9-THC isomerizes to Δ8-THC under heat or acid
• Δ10-THC and Δ6a,10a-THC have also been found1
• What other THC isomers are possible?
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
Δ9-THC Δ8-THC
Δ10-THC Δ6a,10a-THC
24. Extraction Data Analytics
• Big data analytics for cannabis extraction
Different
Cultivars
Some grouping
for cultivars
25. Extraction Data Analytics
• Big data analytics for cannabis extraction
Change axis to
extraction speed
Pump is degrading
26. SFE Design of Experiment
SFE optimized for single separator
Cannabinoid Concentration
EC2 C1C3
27. SFE Design of Experiment
SFE optimized for single separator
Cannabinoid Concentration
28. SFE Design of Experiment
SFE optimized for single separator
Cannabinoid Yield
30. Post-Processing: Crystallization
• The process of solidifying atoms or molecules into
highly organized structures
• Commonly used in the hemp industry to purify CBD
• Current standard procedures use pentane or
petroleum ether
34. 0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.4
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Concentration(g/mL)
Temperature (C)
Meta stable zone width for CBD in petroleum
ether
Sol. T (pure)
MSZT (pure)
Sol. T (curde)
MSZT (crude)
Post-Processing: Crystallization
35. Thank You
Thanks go to our collaborators:
• Blake Grauerholz, OutCo
• Taylor Trah, OutCo
• Dr. Allison Justice, Hemp Mine
• Ariel Bohman, PerkinElmer
• Dr. Toby Astill, PerkinElmer
• Barry Schubmehl, Fritsch Milling
• Antonio Marelli, Imperial College
• Weiying He, UBC
36. Expertise
CEO: Dr. Markus Roggen
Dr. Roggen has been actively involved in the cannabis industry for over 5 years in
executive positions overseeing production, R&D and process optimization for multiple
producers. Dr. Roggen is also a trusted advisor and mentor for multiple startups, startup
accelerators and organizations.
Co-Founder: Prof. Glenn Sammis
Prof. Sammis is an Associate Professor in the Chemistry Department at the University of
British Columbia. He has built an internationally recognized research group working on
the development of novel synthetic methods for the preparation of natural products and
pharmaceuticals.
CBDV Team
Our team covers a wide range of expertise, including analytical chemistry, process
chemistry, engineering physics, data science and statistics.
