This document discusses various types of canal regulation works including cross regulators, head regulators, canal escapes, silt control devices, canal outlet works, and flow meters.
It defines cross regulators and head regulators as structures used to control water flow from a main canal to an off-taking channel. It also describes different types of canal escapes used to discharge surplus water. Finally, it discusses canal outlet works and how flow meters like Parshall flumes are used to measure water flow in irrigation channels.
Canal Regulation Works:
Canal Fall- Necessity and Location- Types of Falls- Cross Regulator and Distributory Head Regulator- Their Functions, Silt Control Devices, Canal Escapes- Types of Escapes.
Canal Regulation Works:
Canal Fall- Necessity and Location- Types of Falls- Cross Regulator and Distributory Head Regulator- Their Functions, Silt Control Devices, Canal Escapes- Types of Escapes.
Canals are classified into different types based on factors which are as follows :
Based on the nature of the supply source
Based on functions
Based on the type of boundary surface soil
Based on the financial output
Based on discharge
Based on canal alignment
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Canals are classified into different types based on factors which are as follows :
Based on the nature of the supply source
Based on functions
Based on the type of boundary surface soil
Based on the financial output
Based on discharge
Based on canal alignment
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCE MANAGMENT PPTKavin Raval
PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Intake structure
Forebay
Surge tank
Penstocks
Conveyance systems
Power house
Draft tube
Tail race
PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME
chapter-3.pptx: CHANNEL HEADWORKS AND CANALSmulugeta48
Purposes:
Raises water level in the river
Regulates supply of water into the canal
Controls the entry of silt into the canal
Provides some storage for a short period
Reduces the fluctuations in the level of supply in river
Temporary diversion head works
Consists of a bund constructed across river to raise the water level in the river and will be damaged by floods.
2. Permanent diversion head works
Consists of a permanent structure such as a weir or barrage constructed across river to raise water level in the river.River section at the site should be narrow and well-defined.
Should have a large commanded area.
Site should be such that the weir (or barrage) can be aligned at right angles to the direction of flow in the river.
Good foundation should be available at the site.
Site should be easily accessible by road or rail.
Overall cost of the project should be a minimum
Topics:
1. Types of Diversion Head Works
2. Weirs and Barrages
3. Layout Diversion Head Works
4. Causes of Failures of Weirs and Barrages on Permeable Foundations
5. Silt Ejectors and Silt Excluders
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Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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4. A cross regulator is provided on the parent channel at the
downstream of the off taking canal to head up the water level
and to enable the off taking channel to draw the required
supply.
OR
To head up water in the parent channel to divert some of it
through an off take channel, like a distributary.
4
5. 1. Usually a bridges on the cross regulator, which provides a
means of Communication.
2. During the periods of low Discharge, the cross regulator
raises water level on the u/s so that the offtaking channel
can takes its full supply.
3. Helps in closing the supply to the d/s of the parent channel,
for the purpose of repairs.
4. Used to control the drawdown when the subsoil water levels
are high to ensure safety of canal lining.
5
6. A Distributary Head Regulator is provided at the head of the
offtaking channel to control the supplies entering the offtaking
canal or distributary.
6
7. 1. They regulate or control the supply of water to the offtaking
channel from the parent channel
2. They control the entry of silt in the offtaking channel.
3. They serve as meter for measuring the discharge entering
into the offtaking canal
4. They help in shutting off the supplies when not needed in the
offtaking channel is required to be closed for repairs
7
8. A canal escapes is a structure constructed on an irrigation
canal for the disposal of surplus water from the canal.
Structures meant to release excess water from a canal, which
could be main canal, branch canal, distributary, minors etc.
It is a short of safety value.
8
9. a) Classification based on the purpose
1. Surplus water escape
2. Canal scouring escape
3. Tail escape
b) Classification based on the structural
1. Regulator type escape or sluice type escapes
2. Weir type escapes
9
10. A surplus water escape is a structure constructed on the an
irrigation channel to the dispose of surplus water from the
channel.
It is also known as Canal Surplus Escape.
The capacity of the escape channel may be 1
3 to 1
2of the
capacity of the channel.
10
11. The canal scouring escape is constructed in the bank of the
canal for the purpose of scouring off excess silt from time to
time.
The discharge capacity of the canal scouring escape should
be about 1
2 to 2
3 of the capacity of the main canal at the
head.
11
12. An irrigation canal generally ends in a natural drain or river.
An escape is provided across the channel at its tail end to
maintain the required F.S.L at the tail end.
Such an escape is called tail escape.
12
13. In order to control the silt entry into the offtaking canal the
disttibutary head regulator is provided with a Raised Crest.
If the Raised Crest level of the distributary head regulator is
kept 0.3 to 0.6 m higher than the u/s bed level of the parent
channel.
13
14. Following devices are used to reduce the silt entry into
the offtaking channel :
1. King’s vanes
2. Gibb’s groyne wall
3. Cantilever skimming platform
4. Curved wings
5. Curved wings with sediment vanes
6. Desilting basins
7. Vortex tube
14
16. Canal outlet is a structure or device through which water is
released from a disturbing channel into a water course or
field channel.
Thus an outlet is a sort of head regulator for a water course
which supplies water to the fields.
The discharge through an outlet is usually not less than 0.03
cumec & not more than 0.085 cumec.
16
17. It should be simple in design ,construction and maintenance.
It should be quite strong and durable.
It should not be easily tampered with by the cultivators, but if
tampered with it should be easily detected
It should be worked efficiently with a small working load.
It should not be expensive.
It design should be such that it can be easily constructed by the
local workers.
17
18. Outlets may be classified as ,
1. Non-modular outlet
2. Semi-modular outlet (Flexible modules)
3. Modular outlets (Rigid modules)
18
19. A non–modular outlet is the outlet whose discharge depend
upon the difference in ware levels of both the distributing
channel and the water course.
The discharge through through a non – modular outlet ,
therefore, varies with the variation of water levels in both the
distributary and the water course.
For example:
Submerged pipe outlet
Masonry sluice and orifice
Wooden shoots
19
20. A semi modular outlet is the outlet whose discharge depends
only upon the water level in the distributary and is
independent of the water level in the water course.
For example :
Pipe outlet
Kennedy’s gauge outlet
crump’s open flume outlet
Pipe cum open flume outlet
20
21. A modular outlet is the outlet whose discharge is independent
of the water levels of both the distributary and the water
course.
Thus, a modular outlet maintains a constant discharge
irrespective of variation of water levels in the disrtributary and
the water course
For example :
Gibb’s rigid module
21
22. Flow meter or parshall flume is a device for measuring water
flowing in irrigation channels or canals by measuring the loss
of head of a stream passing through the flume.
It can be used to measure water flow in streams of varying
sizes from of very small one to a very large one.
Different sizes of parshall flumes are used for the purpose.
Smaller ones are used in irrigation channels and large ones
in canals.
22
23. A parshall flume consists of three main section :
1. converging or upstream section
2. Throat or middle section
3. Diverging or downstream section
23
