The document compares and contrasts the Renaissance and Mannerism periods of art and architecture. The Renaissance saw a rebirth of classical Greco-Roman styles and ideals like realism, order, and harmony. Famous Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci. Mannerism emerged later as a more stylized and complex reaction against Renaissance ideals, featuring elongated proportions, complex compositions, and dramatic lighting. Key differences included Renaissance art's stability versus Mannerism's instability, and Renaissance's adherence to classical standards versus Mannerism's experimentation. Examples are given comparing works by Renaissance masters like Raphael to Mannerist artists like Pontormo and Parmigianino.