This document defines and describes various camera shots and angles used in filmmaking. It discusses extreme close-ups, mid shots, close-ups, long shots, two shots, point of view shots, low angle shots, high angle shots, panning shots, tilt shots, arc shots, crab shots, crane shots, zoom shots, and tracking shots. Each shot type is defined and its purpose in engaging the audience and conveying information about characters, settings, and narratives is explained.

1. Camera ShotsExtreme Close Up
Extreme Long Shot
Mid Shot
Close Up
Also known at an establishing shot. It gives the audience an insight of
the time, location and production. It is usually used at the start of a
production and provides with information on the setting and storyline.
Mid shot follows a long shot and provides the audience with a view of
the character from the waist up. The director enables the audience to
become more familiar with the character and their motivations in the
narrative. Facial expressions and body language are also more
detailed.
Close up shot shows the characters head and possibly their shoulders,
with very little background. It enables the director to focus on the
characters emotions at that time. It may also frame and object of
significance.
Draws attention into the characters emotions as their attention is only
on the character. This is very intense for the audience because they cant
see anything else around them and it is an unfamiliar view point.

2. This shot consists of two characters and expresses
their relationship with each other and the actions
they find themselves in.
Audience sees the characters point of view, an
object of significance or the view of the action.
This shot engages the audience with the
characters motives.
This shot is usually followed after an extreme
long shot, including a character. It enables the
audience to see the character from head to toe
and understand the relationship between the
character and their environment.
Two Shot
Point of View
Long Shot

3. Angle Shots
Low Angle Shot
Over The Shoulder
High Angle Shot
Over the shoulder shot is a view from over the
characters shoulder. It focusses on the view of the
action or an object of significance. It is usually
used during a conversation or interaction between
two characters.
The camera is placed at the angle which points
down towards the character. It gives the audience
a sense of the characters vulnerability and is
often used in scenes of confrontation and when
characters are defeated.
The camera is placed at an angle which points
up towards the character. It gives the audience
a sense of the characters power and males
them feel vulnerable to the character.

4. Movement Shots
Panning Shot
Tilt Shot
Arc Crane
Crab Shot
A crab shot or the side ways shot, is used to follow
movement of an object of significance or a character. This
enables the audience to keep pace with the action.
A tilt shot is an upwards or downwards movement on an
axis. Upwards movement is used by director to show a
sense of height and power. It also allows the audience to
follow the action.
An arc shot is a full or semi circle around objects,
setting or characters. It enables the audience to
see the reaction of characters and increases
intensity.
For a panning shot, a camera is mounted on a tripod
and moved from left or right, vice versa. It is used to
follow a moving object in the frame.

5. Crane Shot
Zoom
Tracking Shot
During a tracking shot a camera is placed on a dolly to
ensure that there is smooth movement. Tracking out
signifies to the audience that the action in that scene is over.
Tracking in draws the audience into the action.
Zoom is used to create movement into or away from
a character or object of significance. It also simulates
a tracking shot.
A crane shot is a camera attached to a crane for a high
up view. Directors use this to follow action in a vertical
direction.