C++ is an object-oriented programming language that is a higher version of C. It was developed at Bell Laboratories in the early 1980s. The document provides an introduction to C++, including definitions of key concepts like programs, computer languages, language processors, character sets, tokens, keywords, identifiers, literals/constants, punctuators, and operators. It describes the basic components and syntax rules of the C++ language.

1. C++ Language
By : Shrirang Pinjarkar
Email : shrirang.pinjarkar@gmail.com

2. UNIT -1
INTRODUCTION TO
C++

3. INTRODUCTION
C++ IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
IT IS A HIGHER VERSION OF C LANGUAGE
C++ IS A OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGE
IN EARLY 1980’S
AT BELL LABORATORIES, USA.

4. LANGUAGE
Language is way to communicate with each
other
PROGRAM
A PROGRAM IS A SET/SEQUENCE OF
COMMANDS

5. COMPUTER LANGUAGE AND MACHINE
LANGUAGE
BINARY LANGUAGE/MACHINE LANGUAGE/LOW
LEVEL LANGUAGE
Computer is an electronic device at its core level
it works on Binary Language i.e., 0,1 or high &
low. Everything in computer is stored in LLL.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
Programming languages like JAVA,C,C++ are
called HLL. Code of all these language are
written in English language.

6. LANGUAGE PROCESSORS
COMPILER-Converts HLL to LLL and vice versa.
It converts the whole program in one go and
notifies all the errors at the same time

7. C++ CHARACTER SET
Character sets are the characters used to write a
language.
Characters A-Z, a-z.
Digits 0-9.
Special Symbols {} [] () ; : “ ‘ < > ? & # ~ | / etc.
White spaces, new line characters .
Besides all these C++ has 256 ASCII characters.
ASCII- American Standard Code for Information
Interchange

8. TOKENS/LEXICAL UNITS
When the compiler is processing the source code of
a program, each group of characters separated by
white spaces is called a token.

9. C++ Allows 5 Types Of
Tokens
1. KEYWORDS
2. IDENTIFIERS
3. LITERALS/CONSTANTS
4. PUNTUATORS/SEPARATORS
5. OPERATORS

10. KEYWORDS
KEYWORDS ( also known as specially reserved
words) CONVEYS A SPECIAL MEANING TO
COMPILER.
KEYWORDS are always typed in short(lower)
case.
They are reserved by the language for special
purpose and can not be redefined as an
IDENTIFIER.

11. LIST OF KEYWORDS

12. IDENTIFIERS
IDENTIFIERS ARE THE NAMES GIVEN BY
THE PROGRAMMER TO DIFFERENT BLOCKS,
PARTS OF A PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY THEM.
IDENTIFIERS REFER TO THE NAMES OF
VARIABLES , FUNCTIONS ,ARRAYS ,CLASSES
,ETC

13. The C++ language is a "case sensitive"
language.
That means that an identifier written in
capital letters is not equivalent to
another one with the same name but
written in small letters.
Thus, for example, the NUMBER
variable is not the same as the result
variable or the number variable.

14. RULES/CONVENTIONS FOR
DEFINING IDENTIFIERS
It can contain characters(A-Z, a-z),Digits(0-
9), & only one special symbol called
underscore(_).
First letter must be a character (A-Z, a-z) or
underscore(_).
No commas or blank spaces allowed.
C++ IS A CASE SENSITIVE LANGUAGE i.e.,
Upper case and Lower case characters are
different.

15. Identifiers
Valid Invalid
x
sumx2
hourly_rate
name
GROSS_PAY
“x”
2sumx
hourly-rate
name@
GROSS PAY

16. Exercise :
Valid or not?
 mass
 Force
 2ndBit
 pos12
 speed_of_light
 yağmur
 SpeedOfLight
 float
 isPrime
 speed of light

17. LITERALS/CONSTANTS
LITERALS AND CONSTANTS ARE THOSE
TOKENS WHOSE VALUES DON’T CHANGE
DURING THE PROGRAM EXECUTION.

18. LITERALS/CONSTANTS
INTEGER CONSTANT
complete rounded off numbers are called integer constants for ex :-
540, 2, 98 etc.
REAL/FLOAT CONSTANTS
Numbers with decimal point are called Real/Float literals for ex :-
2.5, 0.54, 45.98 etc.
CHARACTER CONSTANTS
Single character enclosed within single quotes(‘ ’) are called
character constants for ex :- ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘d’ etc.
STRING CONSTANTS
Group of characters enclosed within double quotes(“ “) are called
string literals for ex :- “programming” “language” etc.

19. PUNTUATORS/SEPARATORS
PUNTUATORS ARE USED TO SEPARATE TOKENS
WITHIN A PROGRAM. THE VARIOUS
PUNUATORS ARE:
{} [] () : ; , etc.

20. OPERATORS
OPERATORS OPERATES ON SOME DATA TO
GIVE RESULTS
For ex :- A+B=C
Here A, B are operand and + is the operator
which produces C as a result of addition of A
and B.

21. OPERATORS
Various operators in C++ are
Arithmetic operators
+,-,*,/,%
Relational operators
Logical operators
Increment/Decrement Operators
Conditional Operators

22. THANK
YOU