ser and estar notes
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Ser and estar are the two verbs that mean "to be" in Spanish. Ser is used to describe characteristics or qualities that do not normally change, such as nationality, profession, or material composition. Estar is used to describe temporary conditions or locations. Some key differences in uses of ser and estar include telling time or dates (ser), expressing the present progressive (estar), describing origin or location (ser, estar), and impersonal expressions or possession (ser, estar). Knowing when to use ser versus estar is important as the meaning can change depending on which verb is chosen.
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![¿Ser o Estar? Así es el dilema. Ser or Estar? That is the Question.
In Spanish there are two verbs that mean to be. Those verbs are ser and estar. We have
studied the present tense of both, so you should be familiar with them. Since there are two (2)
to be verbs, does it matter which one you use? ¡Claro qué sí! Of course it does! In most cases,
they cannot be interchanged. In cases where either could be used, the meaning is different
depending on which verb you choose.
Uses of ser Uses of estar
To tell time / Give complete date
¿Qué hora es? Son las dos.
Es el primero de agosto.
With the present progressive tense
Estoy estudiando. Está lloviendo.
Ellos están saliendo.
Origin
¿De dónde eres? Soy de Arkansas.
Location
¿Dónde está Ana? Está en clase.
Impersonal Expressions
Es possible. Es impossible.
Es necesario. Es evidente.
Profession - Srta. Gómez es profesora.
Yo soy médico.
Uds. son alumnos.
Possession
El lápiz es de Juan.
In general, ser tells who the subject is or what
it is in its essence
¿Cómo es? [How is he?] has the meaning
"What is he like?" Young - old; tall - short;
thin - fat; rich - poor;?
In general, estar usually relates where or in
what condition or position the subject is.
¿Cómo está? How is he? Has the meaning
What is his condition? Fine, sick?
To express traits and characteristics that
normally do not change
Nationality - Las muchachas son españolas.
Religion - Somos católicos.
Political Affiliation - Jorge es republicano.
Material composition - El bolígrafo es de
Oro
Ser is usually used with the adjectives joven, viejo, rico and pobre [young, old, rich
and poor.]
[REMEMBER: The verb tener translates as am, is and are in certain expressions.]
Tengo 15 años. I am 15 years old.
Tenemos hambre. We are hungry.
Ana tiene sed. Ana is thirsty.
Tienen frío. They are cold.
[REMEMBER: The verb hacer translates as is in weather expressions.]
Hace frío. It is cold.
Hace calor. It is hot.
Page 1 of 1 SER_ESTAR
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ser and estar notes
- 1. ¿Ser o Estar? Así es el dilema. Ser or Estar? That is the Question. In Spanish there are two verbs that mean to be. Those verbs are ser and estar. We have studied the present tense of both, so you should be familiar with them. Since there are two (2) to be verbs, does it matter which one you use? ¡Claro qué sí! Of course it does! In most cases, they cannot be interchanged. In cases where either could be used, the meaning is different depending on which verb you choose. Uses of ser Uses of estar To tell time / Give complete date ¿Qué hora es? Son las dos. Es el primero de agosto. With the present progressive tense Estoy estudiando. Está lloviendo. Ellos están saliendo. Origin ¿De dónde eres? Soy de Arkansas. Location ¿Dónde está Ana? Está en clase. Impersonal Expressions Es possible. Es impossible. Es necesario. Es evidente. Profession - Srta. Gómez es profesora. Yo soy médico. Uds. son alumnos. Possession El lápiz es de Juan. In general, ser tells who the subject is or what it is in its essence ¿Cómo es? [How is he?] has the meaning "What is he like?" Young - old; tall - short; thin - fat; rich - poor;? In general, estar usually relates where or in what condition or position the subject is. ¿Cómo está? How is he? Has the meaning What is his condition? Fine, sick? To express traits and characteristics that normally do not change Nationality - Las muchachas son españolas. Religion - Somos católicos. Political Affiliation - Jorge es republicano. Material composition - El bolígrafo es de Oro Ser is usually used with the adjectives joven, viejo, rico and pobre [young, old, rich and poor.] [REMEMBER: The verb tener translates as am, is and are in certain expressions.] Tengo 15 años. I am 15 years old. Tenemos hambre. We are hungry. Ana tiene sed. Ana is thirsty. Tienen frío. They are cold. [REMEMBER: The verb hacer translates as is in weather expressions.] Hace frío. It is cold. Hace calor. It is hot. Page 1 of 1 SER_ESTAR This material is the property of the AR Dept. of Education. It may be used and reproduced for non-profit, educational purposes only after contacting the ADE Distance Learning Center. RFS