This document discusses regulatory issues surrounding electronic commerce and the growth of internet usage. Approximately 100 countries now have internet access, with 20 million internet hosts worldwide and around 100 million internet users. While e-commerce has grown exponentially, it raises new legal questions around issues like copyright, privacy, taxation and jurisdiction. Many governments have passed legislation like Australia's Electronic Transactions Act to resolve legal issues and enable secure electronic transactions. Effective coordination between e-commerce and logistics is important for businesses to ensure customer security and satisfaction.
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of buying and selling products or services over electronic systems like the Internet. It has grown significantly with widespread Internet usage and innovations in areas like online payment processing and supply chain management. There are two main types: business-to-business (B2B) commerce between companies, and business-to-consumer (B2C) commerce between companies and individuals. In the late 1990s, many Internet-based companies emerged but then failed in the "dot-com bubble," demonstrating the risks of online businesses. Successful e-commerce companies now take a long-term, relationship-building approach with customers to encourage loyalty.
Free eCommerce tutorials and course. What is eCommerce and benefits and advantages. How to use mobile ecommerce to promote and Increasing ecommerce business.
The document discusses the history and development of electronic commerce (e-commerce). It begins by defining e-commerce as conducting business transactions electronically over computer networks, particularly the internet. It then traces the origins and growth of e-commerce from its early roots in electronic data interchange in the 1970s to the popularization of online shopping and business-to-business transactions in the 1990s and 2000s through websites like Amazon and eBay. The document also examines some of the technologies and infrastructure required to enable e-commerce transactions.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet and digital technologies. It allows for electronic transactions between businesses, organizations, and individuals. The history of e-commerce dates back to the 1970s with the development of technologies like EDI and EFT that enabled electronic transactions. While e-commerce grew in the 1990s with the commercialization of the internet, it really took off in the late 1990s and early 2000s as more businesses established online presences. E-commerce provides benefits to both businesses and consumers by allowing access to a wider range of products and reducing geographical barriers.
Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It has grown significantly with widespread Internet usage. E-commerce can be business-to-business (B2B), where companies exchange goods and services electronically, or business-to-consumer (B2C), where individual consumers make online purchases from companies. While early e-commerce involved technologies like EDI and EFT, today most e-commerce involves online retail sites, online banking, and business transactions over the World Wide Web using encryption and electronic payment services.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the Internet. There are several types including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The document traces the history of e-commerce from the 1970s to today and discusses how the Internet has enabled global e-commerce opportunities and challenges. Key issues for multinational companies include understanding cultural differences that impact adoption rates, building consumer trust, and designing websites that are culturally sensitive.
The document discusses security solutions for electronic business (e-business). It outlines several key security concerns for e-businesses, including protecting access and data integrity, using encryption, implementing digital certificates, and employing digital signatures. It then describes various security solutions to address these concerns, such as using antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, public/private key encryption, and digital certificates verified by certificate authorities. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of data security and authentication for e-businesses operating online.
The document discusses several barriers to e-commerce growth in Pakistan. It states that most Pakistanis have a limited view of e-commerce and do not trust online transactions due to issues like counterfeiting. Additionally, low computer literacy rates and the high cost of computer hardware prevent many from engaging in e-commerce. Poor infrastructure, including unreliable postal services and low internet penetration, also impede e-commerce development. Lack of credit card usage and preference for cash-on-delivery further challenge the industry.
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of buying and selling products or services over electronic systems like the Internet. It has grown significantly with widespread Internet usage and innovations in areas like online payment processing and supply chain management. There are two main types: business-to-business (B2B) commerce between companies, and business-to-consumer (B2C) commerce between companies and individuals. In the late 1990s, many Internet-based companies emerged but then failed in the "dot-com bubble," demonstrating the risks of online businesses. Successful e-commerce companies now take a long-term, relationship-building approach with customers to encourage loyalty.
Free eCommerce tutorials and course. What is eCommerce and benefits and advantages. How to use mobile ecommerce to promote and Increasing ecommerce business.
The document discusses the history and development of electronic commerce (e-commerce). It begins by defining e-commerce as conducting business transactions electronically over computer networks, particularly the internet. It then traces the origins and growth of e-commerce from its early roots in electronic data interchange in the 1970s to the popularization of online shopping and business-to-business transactions in the 1990s and 2000s through websites like Amazon and eBay. The document also examines some of the technologies and infrastructure required to enable e-commerce transactions.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet and digital technologies. It allows for electronic transactions between businesses, organizations, and individuals. The history of e-commerce dates back to the 1970s with the development of technologies like EDI and EFT that enabled electronic transactions. While e-commerce grew in the 1990s with the commercialization of the internet, it really took off in the late 1990s and early 2000s as more businesses established online presences. E-commerce provides benefits to both businesses and consumers by allowing access to a wider range of products and reducing geographical barriers.
Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It has grown significantly with widespread Internet usage. E-commerce can be business-to-business (B2B), where companies exchange goods and services electronically, or business-to-consumer (B2C), where individual consumers make online purchases from companies. While early e-commerce involved technologies like EDI and EFT, today most e-commerce involves online retail sites, online banking, and business transactions over the World Wide Web using encryption and electronic payment services.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the Internet. There are several types including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The document traces the history of e-commerce from the 1970s to today and discusses how the Internet has enabled global e-commerce opportunities and challenges. Key issues for multinational companies include understanding cultural differences that impact adoption rates, building consumer trust, and designing websites that are culturally sensitive.
The document discusses security solutions for electronic business (e-business). It outlines several key security concerns for e-businesses, including protecting access and data integrity, using encryption, implementing digital certificates, and employing digital signatures. It then describes various security solutions to address these concerns, such as using antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, public/private key encryption, and digital certificates verified by certificate authorities. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of data security and authentication for e-businesses operating online.
The document discusses several barriers to e-commerce growth in Pakistan. It states that most Pakistanis have a limited view of e-commerce and do not trust online transactions due to issues like counterfeiting. Additionally, low computer literacy rates and the high cost of computer hardware prevent many from engaging in e-commerce. Poor infrastructure, including unreliable postal services and low internet penetration, also impede e-commerce development. Lack of credit card usage and preference for cash-on-delivery further challenge the industry.
The document provides an introduction to e-commerce, including definitions and examples. It discusses the history and evolution of e-commerce beginning in the 1970s. It outlines the conceptual framework for e-commerce including the layers of internet infrastructure, applications, intermediaries, and commerce. It also describes different types of e-commerce such as B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C, and m-commerce. Applications of e-commerce in various industries are discussed. The document concludes with trends in social media integration and mobile websites, and the objectives and methodology of further research.
Drivers and Barriers of consumer adoption towards E-CommerceAta Ul Hassnain Awan
The document discusses drivers and barriers of consumer adoption towards e-commerce. It identifies key drivers as social media, promotions, ease of use, home delivery, and customization. Barriers include security issues, lack of comprehension, lack of knowledge, increased costs, and shipment issues. The document provides examples of how companies can address these drivers and barriers through their marketing approaches such as using social media for awareness, discounts for promotions, customized delivery, and guidelines for new online customers.
E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet, while e-business refers to conducting business processes digitally within a company. Some key differences are:
- E-commerce is a subset of e-business that is limited to monetary transactions, while e-business encompasses additional digital processes.
- E-commerce focuses on external commercial transactions with customers, while e-business also transforms internal business transactions and processes.
- E-commerce requires a website for transactions, but e-business requires additional digital systems like CRM and ERP integrated within the company.
ethical,social and poltical issues in E-commerceraviteja reddy
Ethical, social, and political issues can impact e-commerce businesses. Ethically, issues like privacy invasion, online piracy, and copyright infringement must be addressed. Socially, security, privacy, and shipping issues can affect customer confidence. Politically, changes in taxes, regulations, and political stability can influence business operations. Analyzing these factors is important for assessing risks and making informed decisions.
The document provides an introduction to e-commerce. It discusses how e-commerce has grown exponentially since emerging in the mid-1990s, with Americans expected to spend $142-172 billion online by 2005. The document outlines different types of e-commerce models including B2B, B2C, and C2C, and describes key characteristics of e-commerce such as ubiquity, global reach, and interactivity that differentiate it from traditional commerce. Unique features of e-commerce technology that allow for personalization and customization are also highlighted.
The document discusses various types of electronic commerce (e-commerce) models and transactions. It describes business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-employee (B2E), business-to-government (B2G), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-citizen (G2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and virtual value chain models of e-commerce. It also discusses the history and growth of e-commerce since the 1990s with the rise of the internet and World Wide Web.
The document discusses reasons for fearing financial fraud online. It notes that even large tech companies have experienced hacking, so individuals are more vulnerable. Fraud seems prevalent with constant phishing emails and scams. The global nature of the internet means fraud could originate anywhere with different laws, making legal recourse difficult. Overall, security is the primary concern for e-commerce since financial transactions are central, and a security breach could undermine an entire online business.
The document provides information about e-commerce and related topics. It defines e-commerce as conducting business transactions electronically over the internet. It discusses different types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and business-to-business-to-consumer models. The document also defines related terms like traditional commerce, internet commerce, and mobile commerce.
Effectiveness implementation of e commerce in the developing countries empiri...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of e-commerce implementation in developing countries, using Jordan as a case study. The study aims to analyze factors affecting consumer online purchasing trends in Jordan and identify opportunities and risks of e-commerce. A survey was conducted with 177 participants in Jordan. The findings show that quality, price and global access are driving e-commerce's importance. However, the study also sought to identify other key factors for e-commerce success, such as product quality, security of payments, and the sufficiency of consumer protection laws.
Introduction to electronic business electronic commerceOsama Yousaf
This document outlines the objectives and topics covered in an Electronic Business course. The course aims to familiarize students with e-business models, strategies, and legal issues. It will cover electronic payment systems, encryption techniques for secure online transactions, and web development. The first two lectures will introduce e-business and e-commerce, comparing traditional and electronic commerce, and discussing advantages and disadvantages. Additional topics include different business models like B2C, B2B and C2C, and the history and technologies that enabled the growth of e-commerce.
E-commerce has grown exponentially since the mid-1990s. In 2005, American consumers were expected to spend $142-172 billion online, up significantly from just 10 years prior. There are several types of e-commerce models including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). B2B e-commerce makes up the largest portion of overall e-commerce. E-commerce provides benefits like ubiquity, global reach, universal standards, and interactivity that enable new forms of transactions compared to traditional commerce.
This document provides an overview of the key ethical and legal issues related to e-marketing discussed in Chapter 5 of the textbook. It covers topics such as ethics and ethical codes, the debate around self-regulation versus government regulation, privacy issues both generally and within digital contexts, international privacy regulations, different types of digital property like copyrights and trademarks, and emerging issues. The document summarizes the main points on each topic at a high-level in a concise manner.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce, including:
1. Key drivers of e-commerce like technological, political, social, and economic factors.
2. Different e-commerce business models like business-to-consumer and business-to-business.
3. Benefits and limitations of e-commerce for organizations, consumers, and society.
4. Essential e-commerce processes like access control, profiling, search management, and electronic payments.
This document is a summer training project report on customer awareness and sales for the company "Storesay". It includes sections on the industry profile, company profile, major competitors, promotion strategies, SWOT analysis, purpose of the study, learning, suggestions, issues from retailers and customers, and conclusions. The report was submitted by Vijay to their project guide Vivek Mishra at Haryana School of Business as part of an academic program.
This document provides an overview of internet payment systems and electronic payment methods. It discusses key topics like:
- Common internet payment methods including credit cards, digital cash, electronic checks, and payment gateways.
- Electronic payment security issues and protocols like Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) that aim to securely transmit payment information online.
- Specific payment technologies like e-cash, e-wallets, smart cards, and their processing workflows.
- Regulations and growth of electronic payments in India, highlighting channels used and key players in the payments processing market.
The document aims to educate about the various methods available for collecting payments online from customers, while maintaining security of financial information transmitted over the internet.
Electronic commerce involves business activities conducted using electronic data transmission over the internet. It can include online shopping but also encompasses other activities like marketing, sales, payment and fulfillment. E-commerce is a subset of e-business, which also includes internal business processes. The key benefits of e-commerce for organizations include expanding markets, reducing costs, and improving customer service. However, some products may not be suitable for e-commerce and return on investment can be difficult to calculate. Businesses also face cultural and legal challenges to international e-commerce.
E-commerce refers to business conducted electronically over the internet. There are several types of e-commerce including B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), B2G (business to government), C2C (consumer to consumer), and m-commerce (mobile commerce conducted on handheld devices). B2B e-commerce makes up about 80% of e-commerce and involves transactions between companies like purchase orders. B2C e-commerce allows consumers to research and purchase goods online from retailers like Amazon. M-commerce is growing and allows financial services and retail purchases directly on mobile phones.
This document discusses e-commerce, including its definition, history, types, advantages, and future. E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has grown significantly since the 1990s with companies like Amazon and eBay. There are different types of e-commerce models including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides advantages such as lower costs, 24/7 access, and a large customer reach. However, it also poses disadvantages like lack of personal interaction and product experience before purchase. The future of e-commerce is predicted to include technologies like biometric payments, social media marketing, faster delivery, and 3D printing of
E-commerce has evolved from early electronic data exchange between businesses in the 1970s to the widespread use of online shopping and retail sales to consumers via the internet today. Key developments include the commercialization of the internet in the early 1990s allowing businesses to sell products online, the growth of e-commerce giants like Amazon and eBay in the late 1990s and 2000s, and the rise of business-to-business electronic transactions reaching $700 billion by 2001. While the dot-com crash set back some companies, e-commerce has continued to grow and now accounts for over 3% of total retail sales globally.
This document discusses e-commerce and related topics. It begins by defining commerce and e-commerce, noting that e-commerce refers to online business transactions using electronic communications. It then covers advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, different e-commerce models including B2B, B2C, B2G and C2C, examples of each, and mobile commerce. The document also discusses e-commerce management topics such as business plans, taxes, and forms of business entities.
E-commerce emerged in the 1970s with electronic fund transfers between large organizations and financial institutions. In the 1990s, the World Wide Web provided an easy platform for information publishing and online business. E-commerce involves the implementation of business transactions through computer networks and the internet. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and business-to-government. While e-commerce provides benefits like lower costs and a wider customer base, challenges include issues of trust, language, culture, infrastructure, and security.
E-commerce emerged in the 1970s with electronic funds transfers between large organizations and financial institutions. In the 1990s, the World Wide Web provided an easy platform for information sharing and online commerce. E-commerce involves the implementation of business transactions through computer networks and the internet. There are different types of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and business-to-government. While e-commerce provides benefits like lower costs and a global customer base, it also faces challenges regarding trust, language/cultural barriers, and infrastructure limitations especially in developing countries.
The document provides an introduction to e-commerce, including definitions and examples. It discusses the history and evolution of e-commerce beginning in the 1970s. It outlines the conceptual framework for e-commerce including the layers of internet infrastructure, applications, intermediaries, and commerce. It also describes different types of e-commerce such as B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C, and m-commerce. Applications of e-commerce in various industries are discussed. The document concludes with trends in social media integration and mobile websites, and the objectives and methodology of further research.
Drivers and Barriers of consumer adoption towards E-CommerceAta Ul Hassnain Awan
The document discusses drivers and barriers of consumer adoption towards e-commerce. It identifies key drivers as social media, promotions, ease of use, home delivery, and customization. Barriers include security issues, lack of comprehension, lack of knowledge, increased costs, and shipment issues. The document provides examples of how companies can address these drivers and barriers through their marketing approaches such as using social media for awareness, discounts for promotions, customized delivery, and guidelines for new online customers.
E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet, while e-business refers to conducting business processes digitally within a company. Some key differences are:
- E-commerce is a subset of e-business that is limited to monetary transactions, while e-business encompasses additional digital processes.
- E-commerce focuses on external commercial transactions with customers, while e-business also transforms internal business transactions and processes.
- E-commerce requires a website for transactions, but e-business requires additional digital systems like CRM and ERP integrated within the company.
ethical,social and poltical issues in E-commerceraviteja reddy
Ethical, social, and political issues can impact e-commerce businesses. Ethically, issues like privacy invasion, online piracy, and copyright infringement must be addressed. Socially, security, privacy, and shipping issues can affect customer confidence. Politically, changes in taxes, regulations, and political stability can influence business operations. Analyzing these factors is important for assessing risks and making informed decisions.
The document provides an introduction to e-commerce. It discusses how e-commerce has grown exponentially since emerging in the mid-1990s, with Americans expected to spend $142-172 billion online by 2005. The document outlines different types of e-commerce models including B2B, B2C, and C2C, and describes key characteristics of e-commerce such as ubiquity, global reach, and interactivity that differentiate it from traditional commerce. Unique features of e-commerce technology that allow for personalization and customization are also highlighted.
The document discusses various types of electronic commerce (e-commerce) models and transactions. It describes business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-employee (B2E), business-to-government (B2G), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-citizen (G2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and virtual value chain models of e-commerce. It also discusses the history and growth of e-commerce since the 1990s with the rise of the internet and World Wide Web.
The document discusses reasons for fearing financial fraud online. It notes that even large tech companies have experienced hacking, so individuals are more vulnerable. Fraud seems prevalent with constant phishing emails and scams. The global nature of the internet means fraud could originate anywhere with different laws, making legal recourse difficult. Overall, security is the primary concern for e-commerce since financial transactions are central, and a security breach could undermine an entire online business.
The document provides information about e-commerce and related topics. It defines e-commerce as conducting business transactions electronically over the internet. It discusses different types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and business-to-business-to-consumer models. The document also defines related terms like traditional commerce, internet commerce, and mobile commerce.
Effectiveness implementation of e commerce in the developing countries empiri...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of e-commerce implementation in developing countries, using Jordan as a case study. The study aims to analyze factors affecting consumer online purchasing trends in Jordan and identify opportunities and risks of e-commerce. A survey was conducted with 177 participants in Jordan. The findings show that quality, price and global access are driving e-commerce's importance. However, the study also sought to identify other key factors for e-commerce success, such as product quality, security of payments, and the sufficiency of consumer protection laws.
Introduction to electronic business electronic commerceOsama Yousaf
This document outlines the objectives and topics covered in an Electronic Business course. The course aims to familiarize students with e-business models, strategies, and legal issues. It will cover electronic payment systems, encryption techniques for secure online transactions, and web development. The first two lectures will introduce e-business and e-commerce, comparing traditional and electronic commerce, and discussing advantages and disadvantages. Additional topics include different business models like B2C, B2B and C2C, and the history and technologies that enabled the growth of e-commerce.
E-commerce has grown exponentially since the mid-1990s. In 2005, American consumers were expected to spend $142-172 billion online, up significantly from just 10 years prior. There are several types of e-commerce models including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). B2B e-commerce makes up the largest portion of overall e-commerce. E-commerce provides benefits like ubiquity, global reach, universal standards, and interactivity that enable new forms of transactions compared to traditional commerce.
This document provides an overview of the key ethical and legal issues related to e-marketing discussed in Chapter 5 of the textbook. It covers topics such as ethics and ethical codes, the debate around self-regulation versus government regulation, privacy issues both generally and within digital contexts, international privacy regulations, different types of digital property like copyrights and trademarks, and emerging issues. The document summarizes the main points on each topic at a high-level in a concise manner.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce, including:
1. Key drivers of e-commerce like technological, political, social, and economic factors.
2. Different e-commerce business models like business-to-consumer and business-to-business.
3. Benefits and limitations of e-commerce for organizations, consumers, and society.
4. Essential e-commerce processes like access control, profiling, search management, and electronic payments.
This document is a summer training project report on customer awareness and sales for the company "Storesay". It includes sections on the industry profile, company profile, major competitors, promotion strategies, SWOT analysis, purpose of the study, learning, suggestions, issues from retailers and customers, and conclusions. The report was submitted by Vijay to their project guide Vivek Mishra at Haryana School of Business as part of an academic program.
This document provides an overview of internet payment systems and electronic payment methods. It discusses key topics like:
- Common internet payment methods including credit cards, digital cash, electronic checks, and payment gateways.
- Electronic payment security issues and protocols like Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) that aim to securely transmit payment information online.
- Specific payment technologies like e-cash, e-wallets, smart cards, and their processing workflows.
- Regulations and growth of electronic payments in India, highlighting channels used and key players in the payments processing market.
The document aims to educate about the various methods available for collecting payments online from customers, while maintaining security of financial information transmitted over the internet.
Electronic commerce involves business activities conducted using electronic data transmission over the internet. It can include online shopping but also encompasses other activities like marketing, sales, payment and fulfillment. E-commerce is a subset of e-business, which also includes internal business processes. The key benefits of e-commerce for organizations include expanding markets, reducing costs, and improving customer service. However, some products may not be suitable for e-commerce and return on investment can be difficult to calculate. Businesses also face cultural and legal challenges to international e-commerce.
E-commerce refers to business conducted electronically over the internet. There are several types of e-commerce including B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), B2G (business to government), C2C (consumer to consumer), and m-commerce (mobile commerce conducted on handheld devices). B2B e-commerce makes up about 80% of e-commerce and involves transactions between companies like purchase orders. B2C e-commerce allows consumers to research and purchase goods online from retailers like Amazon. M-commerce is growing and allows financial services and retail purchases directly on mobile phones.
This document discusses e-commerce, including its definition, history, types, advantages, and future. E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has grown significantly since the 1990s with companies like Amazon and eBay. There are different types of e-commerce models including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides advantages such as lower costs, 24/7 access, and a large customer reach. However, it also poses disadvantages like lack of personal interaction and product experience before purchase. The future of e-commerce is predicted to include technologies like biometric payments, social media marketing, faster delivery, and 3D printing of
E-commerce has evolved from early electronic data exchange between businesses in the 1970s to the widespread use of online shopping and retail sales to consumers via the internet today. Key developments include the commercialization of the internet in the early 1990s allowing businesses to sell products online, the growth of e-commerce giants like Amazon and eBay in the late 1990s and 2000s, and the rise of business-to-business electronic transactions reaching $700 billion by 2001. While the dot-com crash set back some companies, e-commerce has continued to grow and now accounts for over 3% of total retail sales globally.
This document discusses e-commerce and related topics. It begins by defining commerce and e-commerce, noting that e-commerce refers to online business transactions using electronic communications. It then covers advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, different e-commerce models including B2B, B2C, B2G and C2C, examples of each, and mobile commerce. The document also discusses e-commerce management topics such as business plans, taxes, and forms of business entities.
E-commerce emerged in the 1970s with electronic fund transfers between large organizations and financial institutions. In the 1990s, the World Wide Web provided an easy platform for information publishing and online business. E-commerce involves the implementation of business transactions through computer networks and the internet. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and business-to-government. While e-commerce provides benefits like lower costs and a wider customer base, challenges include issues of trust, language, culture, infrastructure, and security.
E-commerce emerged in the 1970s with electronic funds transfers between large organizations and financial institutions. In the 1990s, the World Wide Web provided an easy platform for information sharing and online commerce. E-commerce involves the implementation of business transactions through computer networks and the internet. There are different types of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and business-to-government. While e-commerce provides benefits like lower costs and a global customer base, it also faces challenges regarding trust, language/cultural barriers, and infrastructure limitations especially in developing countries.
The document discusses various topics related to e-commerce including definitions of key terms, advantages and challenges. It provides an overview of e-commerce concepts like business-to-business and business-to-consumer models. It also outlines some of the legal and ethical issues in e-commerce such as privacy, fraud and copyright. Additionally, it notes the growth of e-commerce in India and discusses regulations and new consumer groups like urban women and youth that are driving online shopping.
- Electronic commerce was identified as the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT).
- E-commerce can be divided into different types including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and mobile commerce (m-commerce).
- Various e-commerce models were discussed including marketplaces, online retailers, and other business models involving transactions between businesses, consumers, and government.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It includes business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) transactions. E-commerce has grown significantly since the 1990s with the rise of the internet and World Wide Web. It provides benefits like lower costs, greater convenience, and access to a global market, but also limitations such as the inability to physically examine products. Emerging models include mobile commerce, online marketplaces, and social commerce.
The document discusses the different types of e-commerce:
- B2B (Business to Business) involves transactions between companies. It makes up 94% of e-commerce transactions.
- B2C (Business to Consumer) involves companies selling products and services to consumers online.
- C2C (Consumer to Consumer) involves individuals selling goods and services to each other through online marketplaces like eBay.
- M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce) involves e-commerce transactions made on mobile devices like smartphones. It is growing rapidly as mobile technology advances.
This document discusses e-commerce and its importance in the modern world. It begins with an introduction that defines e-commerce and its various types, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-government, consumer-to-consumer, and mobile commerce. It then analyzes each of these types in more detail. The document also discusses the benefits of e-commerce, such as reduced transaction costs, disintermediation, and increased price transparency. It concludes that e-commerce has changed lifestyles by allowing people to shop from home more conveniently and cheaply.
Ibibo is an Indian social networking company founded in 2007. It offers various social applications under its umbrella including social networking, travel booking, gaming, and modeling portfolios. Ibibo's vision is to create unique digital experiences and solve local problems by leveraging talented Indian entrepreneurs and engineers. Social networks can be analyzed at multiple levels from individual micro-level interactions to larger meso- and macro-level organization and system-wide analyses. Understanding networks requires examining relationships and connections between various social units.
This document provides the syllabus for the course "E-Commerce and Governance (IT-721)" taught at Technocrats Institute of Technology in Bhopal, India. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) Introduction to e-commerce including models, history and legal environment, (2) Electronic payment systems, (3) E-government and models, (4) E-readiness and applications, and (5) E-government security. The course aims to provide students an understanding of e-commerce and e-governance concepts, applications, benefits and issues.
The document discusses e-commerce and its relevance in the modern world. It begins by defining e-commerce as trading products or services using computer networks and technologies like the internet. It then discusses different types of e-commerce including business to business, business to consumer, business to government, consumer to consumer, and mobile commerce. The document also outlines advantages like lower costs, higher margins, and better productivity, as well as disadvantages such as security issues, need for scalable systems, and lack of personal interaction. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of e-commerce management skills and training for business success in today's digital era.
Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It has grown significantly with widespread Internet usage. E-commerce can be business-to-business (B2B), where companies exchange goods and services electronically, or business-to-consumer (B2C), where individual consumers make online purchases from companies. While early e-commerce involved technologies like EDI and EFT in the late 1970s, modern e-commerce typically uses the World Wide Web and online shopping.
Future trends and legal aspects (111 kb)IMRAN KHAN
This document discusses future trends and legal aspects related to web design. It begins by explaining how e-commerce and m-commerce have impacted business globally and allowed transactions to occur remotely. It then outlines several objectives to be achieved, including explaining legal rights and obligations for web designers.
The document proceeds to discuss emerging trends in e-commerce and m-commerce, including different models like B2B, B2C, C2C, and B2E. It also covers modes of electronic payment. Success factors for e-commerce are described, such as providing a secure purchasing process, reliable infrastructure, and customer value. Issues that can still arise are noted, like not fully understanding customer needs. In closing, the document
- Electronic commerce has fundamentally changed human life through powerful concepts like online shopping and digital payments. It has removed many limitations of traditional business models.
- There are different types of e-commerce like B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), C2C (consumer to consumer), and M-commerce (mobile commerce). B2B e-commerce in particular has grown rapidly by enabling efficient online transactions between businesses.
- E-commerce relies on technologies like the internet, databases, online payment systems, and security systems to facilitate the online exchange of goods and services. It has transformed business processes and created new opportunities for companies in many industries.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the internet. It began in the 1960s when businesses started using EDI to share documents electronically. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and business-to-administration (B2A). E-commerce allows businesses to reach a larger market and respond faster to trends, while lowering costs by reducing the need for physical stores and marketing expenses. However, it also lacks the personal touch of physical stores and makes price and product comparisons easier for consumers.
The Design and Implementation of E-Commerce Management System.IOSRJECE
Electronic Commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. A person sitting on his chair in front of a computer can access all the facilities of the Internet to buy or sell the products. Unlike traditional commerce that is carried out physically with effort of a person to go & get products, ecommerce has made it easier for human to reduce physical work and to save time. E-Commerce which was started in early 1990’s has taken a great leap in the world of computers, but the fact that has hindered the growth of ecommerce is security. Security is the challenge facing e-commerce today & there is still a lot of advancement made in the field of security.The main advantage of e-commerce over traditional commerce is the user can browse online shops, compare prices and order merchandise sitting at home on their PC.For increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. For a developing country advancement in the field of e-commerce is essential. The research strategy shows the importance of the e-commerce in developing countries for business applications.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024SEOSMMEARTH
Buy Verified Payoneer Account: Quick and Secure Way to Receive Payments
Buy Verified Payoneer Account With 100% secure documents, [ USA, UK, CA ]. Are you looking for a reliable and safe way to receive payments online? Then you need buy verified Payoneer account ! Payoneer is a global payment platform that allows businesses and individuals to send and receive money in over 200 countries.
If You Want To More Information just Contact Now:
Skype: SEOSMMEARTH
Telegram: @seosmmearth
Gmail: seosmmearth@gmail.com
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
BUSINESS PLAN ABOUT TEA
1. INTRODUCTION
Approximately 100 countries now enjoy Internet access, and a recent survey reported
that there are approximately 20 million Internet hosts worldwide. The number of Internet users is
currently estimated to be in the region of 100 million people.
The exponential growth of the Internet and online activity raise a
number of new regulatory issues and legal questions. How does
copyright apply to digital content? How can national laws apply to
activities in cyberspace? Can privacy and data protection exist on
the Web? Can electronic commerce really be secure? Should
governments tax cyber trade? Can cyberspace be regulated by one,
or by many authorities? In seeking to apply the law to the Internet,
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Some federal, state and territory governments encourage
the adoption of electronic commerce by enacting and enabling
legalisation. In Australia many bills and acts have been passed to
resolve legal issues and make electronic transaction more
Authenticated, such as the Electronic Transaction Act (ETA). ETA
enables contractual dealings, such as offers, acceptances and
invitations, to be conducted electronically, and also allows people to
use an electronic signature to satisfy any legal requirement. Even
the electronic transfer of land is covered, "Importantly, the Act is
similar in all material respects to those operating both in other
States and at the Federal level, so people can be confident that
electronic transactions carry the same legal weight nationwide,"
states Jim McGinty, Attorney General for Western Australia.
Moreover the bill is expected to boost electronic commerce as an
effective tool for businesses to increase their efficiency. This may
reduce administrative duties, storage and operational costs for
Businesses. In McGinty's words," This is why it is crucial that we
Ensure the legal infrastructure around cyberspace is beyond doubt"
HYHPOTHESIS: While shopping on the Internet, most people typically do not think
about what is happening in the background. Web shopping is
generally very easy. We click on a related site, go into that site, buy
the required merchandise by adding it to our cart, enter our credit
card details and then expect delivery within a couple of days. This
entire process looks very simple but a developer or businessmen
knows exactly how many hurdles need to be jumped to complete
the order. Customer information has to pass through several hands
so security and privacy of the information are a major concern. The
safety and security of a customer's personal information lies within
the hands of the business. Therefore businesses have to give the
customer first their guarantee, and second peace of mind, that the
information passed over is of no risk to any invading eyes.
CONCLUSION: Most of the legal issues surrounding electronic commerce are not
new. Lawyers should, however, be able to recognise the increased
significance of certain legal issues to the online environment. In
understanding the technical, contractual, intellectual property and
regulatory issues, which have enhanced importance in the new
2. economy, the lawyer is well placed to assist clients in pro-actively
minimising their exposure to legal liability.
Before allocating resources to the initiative it must be determined
whether it is legally possible to perform the business process or
transaction electronically. For example, the Electronic
Communication and Transaction (ECT) Act facilitates the conclusion
of most transactions and communications electronically by placing
such transactions on an equal footing with traditional transactions
or communications.
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES: 1. Bond, Robert "International Legal Issues of E-Commerce"
Legal
Updates
, http://www.faegre.com, 2003.
2. Sayer, Peter and Deveaux, Sarah "Jurisdiction in Cyberspace"
IDG News Service
Friday, July 28, 2000 see also
http://www.pcworld.com
3. Western Australia Dept of Industry and Resources,
http://www.law.gov.au/www/securitylawHome.nsf/
4.
McGinty, Jim http://www.ministers.wa.gov.au
5.
Barr,
David D. "The Need of a Broad Standard in Global E-Commerce"
The Internet Law Journal,
Dec. 26, 2000
6. "Law, Ethics and Cyber Crime" Prentice Hall 2003
7. "Its the World's Biggest Copy Machine,"
PC Week
, January 27,
1997.
8. "Intellectual Property on the Internet", A survey of issues.
[Copyrights and Related Issues],
http://ecommerce.wipo.int/survey/
9.
Greenspan,
Robyn "Downloaders Disregard Legal, Copyright
Issues", http://www.internetnews.com, August 1, 2003.
3. The coordinationofE-commerce and Logistics
A case study of Amazon.com
INTRODUCTION
E-commerce is one of the buzzwords in the recent years.
Laudon & Traver (2008) state, E-COMMERCE-commerce technology,is different and more
influential from other technologies that we have seen in the past the century.E-commerce
technology develops quickly with the development of Internet and people can enjoy convenient
life by using e-commerce.
But today many of the new e-commerce companies have failed or are struggling for
economic survival, and the failure for many companies in e-commerce can be in part accounted
by the neglecting of logistics(Delfmann,etal, 2002).E-COMMERC
E-commerce or electronic commerce is the buying
, selling, and exchanging of goods and services over computer
networks through which transactions or terms of sale are performed electronically, mentioned by
Rosen (2002).
Electronic commerce especially B2C (business to consumer) designnow is the most commonly
discussed type of e-commerce which sells to individual consumers online.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
Amazon.com is a typicalB2C (business to consumer) company. It sells products and service
directly to customers, and that always happens on the internet. So in this thesis we choose
China Amazon.com as are search topic. Besides, we also choose Jingdong Mall (China B2C
Company) as a comparison subject. E-commerce business through the internet to provide
consumers a new type of shopping environment like online stores, customers‟shop on the
internet and online payment. This mode saves the time and space of plan, greatly improving the
efficiency of the transaction, especially for busy office workers, this design can save valuable
time. Logistic is an important part of electronic commerce, and it support the development of
electronic commerce. If the goods cannot be delivered to the customer on
time, the customer will choose safety and traditional shopping way. So without the support of
logistic, electronic commerce cannot happen. Electronic commerce and logistics is related
closely. There is one more reason that we choose ChinaAmazon.com as the researching
subject because the required information is much more easily
available from homepage of Amazon (2012)than other business
. Amazon was founded in1995, at present Amazon has become an online retailer with the most
varieties of global commodity and the second biggest internet companyaround the world.
HYHPOTHESIS:
Amazon is an internet-shopping businesswhich is the typical B2C ecommerce model we are
talking about Laudon & Traver (2008)
. Now Amazon.com is becomean e-business leader in the USA and developchina business from
2004, quote from Amazon homepage.Amazon.com isastart as online-book store, cheap price
and freedelivery gain many customers at that time in U.S. Chinese e-commercesince
1997,alarge-scale e-commerce project launched in 1997
opened the prelude of the Chinese e-commerce. From 1999, the Chinese e-commerce to enter
a period of rapid growthof Chinese e-commerce thus officially launched. Amazon acquired Joyo
(China e-commerce company) in august 19, 2004. Amazon startsdevelopingChinese market,
the combination of Amazon‟s online retail expertise with the Joya Chinese business
experience. Thanks to Amazon‟s logistics experience, making the Amazonhave a strong
competitive advantage in China
4. CONCLUSION: Now we can back to ourplan, and discuss how we fulfilledit.The purpose of the
thesis is toexplore the relationship between e-commerce and logistics in B2C(businessto
consumer)companies.To fulfill our purpose we used 3 aims to achieve thepurposebetter.
Theyare:i.Describe the coordination mechanism between e-commerce and logistics in general
andparticularly in Amazon.com. Find out the strengths and shortcoming
oflogisticbusinesswhenacompanyisdeveloping e-commerce. Figure out waystocoordinate
logisticwhendeveloping e-commerce andexplainhow Amazon.com is developing e-commerce.
Amazon China has started to get attention of this coordination, and also it has been
wellpopularized.The development of logistics is an important part of e-commerce,
and anessential part to meet customer needs. Coordination between the
twoindustriesisstill notstrong enough, we will need the integration ofcompanies, employeesand
the e-commercecompany
.
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
Background of Amazon.com, http://www.amazon.com. Access 2012
Bernard H.R. (2000), Social Research Methods: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches(International Edition), Person, UK.
Bryman, A. (1992)
Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Further Reflections on their Integration
, in Brannen, J. (editor), Mixing Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Research, pp. 57-78.
Christopher, M. (2011), Logistics & Supply Chain Management (4thedition), Pearson Education
Limited, London.
Chaffey, D. (2004),E-Business and E-commerce Management: Strategy, Implementation and
Practice ( 2ndedition), Prentice Hall, England.
5. Life Cycle Comparison of Traditional Retail and E-commerce Logistics for Electronic Products:
A Case Study of buy.com
INTRODUCTION:
Consumers now havethe option of driving to a traditional retailstore or shopping on-line for
many products. E-commercehas grown from lessthan 1% of retailsales in 2000 to 3% in 2008
(Census 2008). The alternative retailchannels have some distinct differences. Retailstoreshave
overstock inventory and physical store spaces. Thepackaging of individual products and last
mile delivery are energyintensive for e-commerce
. Similarly, bulk packaging and primarily truck delivery can reduceenergyuse and cost for
traditional retail, but individual consumer trips account for significant carbon dioxide (CO2)
equivalent emissions.We comparethe differences of e-commerce
and retail logistics using data received from buy.comfor electronic products and
building on prior logistics Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)research. This paper reviews our LCA
analysis, provides conclusions and offer recommendations to decreaselogistics LCA
uncertainties
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Advances in information and communication technology
have provided consumersthe option of shopping on-lineinstead of driving to a traditional retail
store for many products. E-commerce hasnowgrown from less than 1% of retail sales in 2000 to
3%in 2008.The alternative retail channels have some distinct differenceswith regard to
environmental costs, including overstock inventory,physical store space, and consumer
transport in traditional retail stores and individual packaging and last mile delivery for e-commerce.
We build on prior comparative research and conduct astreamlined Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) to quantify variationsin energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for
the alternative systemsusingdata received from the e-commerce industry for an electronic
product. This reportreviews our assumptions and analysis and provides conclusions and offer
recommendations to decrease logistics LCA uncertainties.
HYHPOTHESIS: The changesthat information and communication technology(ICT)
has brought to people’s lives are commonly thought to bewholly environmentally beneficial. Past
work has discussed in general terms the energy and environmental benefits of telecommuting
over traditional commuting.
Several authors have compared the energy and environmental emissions associated
with online retail(here forth, e-commerce) to traditional retailmethods
. Matthews (2001) reported a comparison of book purchasing via e-commerceand traditional
retailing which was updated and summarized in Hendrickson (2006). Matthews (2002)
completed an LCA study reviewing energy and cost impacts of logistics networks for the
retailofbooks in Japan and the U.S. Abukhader (2004) proposed a methodology for assessing
‘green supply chains’ for e-commerce. Toffel (2004) examined delivery of print products by
digital means. Sivaraman (2007) examined alternative logistics systems for DVD rental.
Abukhader (2008) analyzed the eco-efficiency of e-commerce
supply chains. Kim (2008) also examined book retailing logistics.
This paper differs from past studies by focusing on electronic products and using data directly
from an online retailer and wholesale supplier.
Thus, while the results are robust, it is important
to realize the context is on a specific company and a specific class of retail products. Results
could differ significantly for other retail and e-commerce companies, and for other products.
CONCLUSION: Ourresults confirmprior findingsthat e-commerce delivery uses lessprimary
energy andproduces lessCO2emissions than traditional
retailing.Consideringretailandecommerce logistics differences, the three largest contributors
6. were customer transport, packaging, and last mile delivery. Customer transport encompassed
approximately 65% of the traditional retailprimary energy expenditures and CO2equivalent
emissions on average. For e-commerce, packaging and last mile delivery were responsible for
approximately 22% and 32% of the e-commerce energy usage, respectively. Overall, e-commerce
had about 30% lower energy consumption and CO2
emissions compared to traditional retail using calculated mean values.There was significant
uncertainty and variability in many of the numbers used in the analysis, particularly in terms
ofcustomer transport to the retail store (ie., fuel economy, trip length, purposes per trip, etc). We
used Monte Carlo simulations and scenario analysis to estimate that e-commerce being the less
energy-consumptive option approximately 80% of the time with average delivery logistics and
50% with air-only deliverylogistics for e-commerce. To make the LCA transportation model more
robust, actual data from a traditional retail business and more detailed information on consumer
shopping behaviors are necessary.
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
Abukhader SM.“Eco-efficiency in the era of electronictail-should 'Eco-Effectiveness'approach
beadopted?”Journal of Cleaner Production16.7(2008):801-808
.Abukhader, Sajed and Gunilla Jonson.“E-tail and the environment: a gateway to the renewal of
greening supply chains.”International Journal of Technology Management28.2 (2004):274–288.
Bizstats. 2008.Sept.16 2008.<http://www.bizstats.com>.
Burnham, A., M. Wang, and Y. Wu. 2006.
Developmentand Applications of GREET 2.7--TheTransportation Vehicle-Cycle Model.Argonne,
IL: Argonne National Laboratory.
7. ACase Study in Electronic Commerce and Open Source Software Development
INTRODUCTION: Many companies face a problemin determining how to best adopt and
deploy emerging capabilities for E-Commerce and E-Business services. For example, interest
in Web-based capabilities for the procurement of materials, repairs,and operations products,
or for the acquisition of contracted services (e.g., consulting, facilities maintenance, and
logistics) remains high, but most companies have not found substantial returns on their
investment in these areas. When faced withthe emergence of opportunities associated with
wireless/mobile commerce, peer-to-peer(p2p) collaboration services, open source software,
or the redesign of internal business operations to support E-Business, decision-makers face
much uncertainty about how best to proceed, if at all. Simply acquiring and installing a Web-based
p2p systemfor an internal or external business operations does not yield significant
results. Transforming and realigning business processes, organizational strategies, and end-user
workpractices is required, but where and how does this occur?Overall, there is a basic
and recurring lack of knowledge for how to determine and align the most effective choices
for information systemtechnologies, business strategies, and organizational transformation.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The case study examinesGNUenterprise.org, an
international virtual enterprise focused on the development and deployment of free open
source software systemframework for ERP and EB. The framework supports the
development and integration of information systemcomponents for customer relationship
management, corporate financial systems, and other business-to-business system modules.
The study uses a Web-based approach to provide the data that empirically grounds this
resource-based view of an organizational system. These data and the accompanying analysis
help to what’s involved in developing and deploying open source EC or EBcapabilities, how
it works; and the conditions that shape success or failure.The description, analysis,
discussion, and implications of this case study are the result ofthis investigation.
HYHPOTHESIS: With the preceding analysis in mind, we now tu
rn to identify the research questions that are examined through the case study of
GNUenterprise.org. These questions serve to explicate how open source software
development and EC/EB approaches might be brought together, and to what ends.How are
free OSSD processes similar to and different from EC or EB application development and
deployment processes? They are similar in that they generally span multiple organiza
tions. However, they differ in that OSSD processes occur within a virtual organization
[Crowston and Scozzi 2002, Noll and Scacchi 1999,2001] that lacks a single administrative
authority to coordinate, schedule, and provides the resources necessary to sustain the
development effort. They are similar in that most existing as-is or
8. legacy business processes or product development workflows are poorly understood by the
people who routinely perform those processes. They differ in that OSSD processes have the
potential to be codified using free open source process modeling notations [Noll 59and
Scacchi 2001, Scacchi 2002d], whereas existing EC or EBprocesses tend to be closed,
proprietary, and potentially patented (see Figure 1). They differ in that OSSD
efforts employ decentralized management of processes and systemarchitecture, while their
EC and EB counterparts are generally centrally managed. The also differ in that OSSD
efforts rely on self-elected work assignments, wheras EC and EB develoopment and
deployment rely on explicit staffing assignme
nts or delegations. Last, they differ in that OSSD efforts are centered around ongoing
development of global community and free software, while EC or EB development efforts
are centered about development of corporate goals and proprietary closed source products or
services.
CONCLUSION: we have identified and introduced a new concept called OpenEC/B.
OpenEC/B denotes the integration of free open source software development resources,
products, and processes, with the existing oremerging capabilities for Electronic
Commerce/Business. This concept is introducedand its consequences are explained in the
case study and analysis. Companies like IBM, SUN and Intel have begun to offer products
that incorporate open source software systems. Companies like Microsoft have chosen not to
offer such products, but toinstead offer non-free "shared" access to proprietary source code
subjectto non-disclosure agreements, and to discourage open source software practices. Thus
companies like IBM and SUN may see that open source software systems may serve as part
of a competitive strategy against companies like Microsoft and others that seek to exert non-free
access and control over their proprietary software products. For other companies like
Canon, Quantum/ATL, or Boeing, they may face a strategic choice for whether or not to
embrace open source systems or Open EC/B processes for internal use, or for external
product offerings, in their respective markets.Similarly, companies like Conexant or Intel
will face similar choices as open source capabilities move further into the realm of high-volume
consumer products with embedded systemcomponents.
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
M. Ackermanand C. Halverson, Reexamining Organizational Memory, Communications
ACM,43(1), 59-64, January 2000.
M. Bergquist and J. Ljungberg, The Power of Gifts: Organizing Social Relationships in Open
Source Communities, Information Systems J., 11(4), 305-320, 2001.
E. Castronova, Virtual Worlds: A First-Hand Accountof Market and Society on the Cyberian
Frontier, The Gruter Institute Working Papers on Law, Economics, and
9. EvolutionaryBiology, Vol. 2, Article 1, December 2001.
http://www.bepress.com/giwp/default/vol2/iss1/art1
F. Cortiana, "Normsin matter of computerscience pluralismo on the adoption and the spread
of the free software and on the portabilità of documents informed to us in Public
Administration" (XIV Legislatura Action Senate n. 1188) (in Italian) April 2002.
http://www.softwarelibero.it/altri/cortiana.shtml
K. Crowston and B. Scozzi, Open Source SoftwareProjectsas Virtual Organizations:
Competency Rallying for Software Development, IEE Proceedings--Software, 149(2), 3-
17, 2002.
10. Ignify eCommerce Implementation
Customer Solution Case Study
INTRODUCTION: Based in Carson, CA, Clipper Direct is the premier source for providing commercial
foodservice supplies to clients throughout the globe. Numbering such heavyweight restaurant
corporations as Burger King, California Pizza Kitchen, Outback Steakhouse, In-N-Out, and many more
among their customer list, this vertically integrated distributor sought to enhance their visibility to the
broader market by increasing the accessibility of their quality products and great prices, and to provide
their customers with a superior user experience for online purchases. With Ignify eCommerce, Clipper
Direct offered clients a compelling, easy-to-use purchasing interface and tailored catalog that is unique
to the foodservice retail industry, allowing for up to a 70% reduction in time needed for their customers
to find products and enter orders. Since Ignify eCommerce enabled Clipper Direct to provide smaller and
emerging chain restaurants the same access to the products and prices that the company supplies to its
billion dollar corporations, Clipper Direct has experienced a 90% greater market reach.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The commercial foodservice supply dealer, Clipper
Direct, provides its customers with the quality supplies, tools, and utensils that a restaurant needs
to keep in business, and its reputation as the premier source for restaurant supplies has allowed
the company to establish an impressive customer roster that includes giants of the restaurant
industry – Pizza Hut, Olive Garden, Corner Bakery Café, and Jack in the Box are just a few such
customers who turn to Clipper Direct to fulfill their supply needs.
But despite already calling a number of high-profile restaurants their clients, Clipper Direct
sought to continue expanding their customer roll by capturing the attention of a wider range of
prospective clients. "Since we serve the biggest and the best brands worldwide, we wanted to
make our products available to the broader market," said Lawrence Snapp, president and COO of
Clipper Direct. "We wanted to showcase to other restaurants the fact that we offer better
products for better prices."
HYHPOTHESIS: In order to better reach out to their prospect pool, Clipper Direct understood the
necessity of offering a powerful, comprehensive shopping experience for people searching and
purchasing items from the Clipper Direct website. Finding a software solution that could deliver a
superior user experience was a strict functional requirement for the company. "An absolutely critical
requirement for us was to create a user experience that was ultra-premium, relative to other restaurant
supply retailer options for commercial restaurants in the world," said Snapp."And with customers and
distributors located across six different continents, we needed a solution that offered interactional
accessibility to both our products and prices."
CONCLUSION: hrough Clipper Direct’s multi-year relationship with Ignify on previous
projects, the company was exposed to the capabilities that the Ignify eCommerce solution
delivered, and was well-aware of the many implementations that Ignify performed for other
businesses. "We saw the Ignify eCommerce platform as something that’s proven on the
marketplace," said Snapp. "The functionalities that this software offered met our business needs
and solved the challenges we were facing, so we decided that it was the right solution for us."
Leveraging the in-depth catalog capabilities of Ignify eCommerce, Clipper Direct is able to offer
detailed, visually appealing product pages that highlight the superior items available in their
11. inventory, giving their customers the best sense of what the company offers. With the high-quality
product images, the ability to zoom in on product images, and the extensive product
descriptions for each item within the catalog, Clipper Direct provides an attractive and
informative shopping experience for their clients. "I do think that as part of the ultra-premium
user experience, everything matters," said Snapp. "From the state-of-the-art photography we use
for product images to the detailed product descriptions, we ensure that the catalog experience for
our customers is far superior to the industry standard."
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
http://www.ignify.com
www.clipperdirect.com.
www.Ignify.com/eCommerce
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
12. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
13. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
14. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
15. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
16. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
17. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
HYHPOTHESIS:
CONCLUSION:
DISCUSSION:
REFERENCES: