The document discusses business environment and its analysis. It defines business and environment, and explains that business environment refers to factors that surround and influence a business. The types of business environment include internal environment, micro environment and macro environment. The objectives and importance of analyzing the business environment are also outlined. The key steps in environmental scanning and analysis include identifying factors, selecting relevant factors, defining variables, forecasting factors, and developing profiles to inform strategic decision making.

1. Business Environment
Prof.Shompa Nandi

2. Learning Objective
 What is Business
 What is Environment
 Business Environment- Nature, Objective
 Types of Business Environment
 Interaction between Internal and External
Environment
 Importance of Business Environment

3.  Business:
Business is a human activity carried out by
the unified efforts of different categories of people, to
produce the wealth through production and distribution of
the goods and services.
According to Malvin Anshen :
“ Business is the way by which men make
their living.”
According to Bayard O’Wheeler :
“ Business is an institution organized and
operated to provide goods and services to society under
the incentive of private gain.”

4.  Environment:
The birth, growth and continuous
development of organization are influenced by a wide
range of variables like employees, customers, suppliers,
producers, competition etc.

5.  Business Environment:
Business Environment refers to those aspects
of the surroundings of business enterprise, which affect
or influence its operations and determine its
effectiveness.
According to Keith Davis:
“Business environment is the aggregate of all
conditions, events and influence that surrounds and
affects it”

6. Nature of Business Environment
 Complex:
Environment consists of a number of factors, events, conditions
arising from different sources which impact business thus making the
business complex.
 Interdependence :
Factors affecting business environment like social, economic, legal,
cultural etc are inter dependent.
E.g. A rich country can make sufficient expenditure on the research and
development.
 Dynamic:
Business environment is dynamic as it keeps on changing in terms of
technological improvement, changes in consumer preferences, entry of
new competitors.

7.  Uncertainty:
Business environment is largely uncertain as it is very difficult to
predict future happenings.
 Relativity:
Business environment is a relative concept as it differs from
country to country and region to region.
e.g. Demand of saree is high in India comparative to other countries.
 Specific and General forces:
Specific forces affects individual enterprises directly and
immediately whereas general forces have impact on all business
enterprises.
 Forecasting is not possible for all developments:
Many developments such as interest rate fluctuations, the rate of
inflation etc are difficult to predict on log term basis which makes difficult
to maintain business environment.

8. Objectives of Business Environment
 Knowledge of Information:
Every businessman should be aware about the current
environment of the business to change accordingly.
 Basis of Decision:
It contains all the information which is needed for taking good
decision.
e.g. If a business knows about its competitors, suppliers and customers
they take decision about price, purchase, salary etc.
 Helpful in making of policies:
For making good business policies one needs to know and scan
business through business environment.

9.  Technological Planning:
In today's environment it is really important for the business
houses to keep themselves changing according to the technological
changes in the market.
 Survive in the business:
Sometimes industry may face recession. In such condition only
those business will survive who estimate this entire situation in
advance through business environment study.

10. Types of Business Environment
Internal Environment External Environment
• Financial Resources
• Physical and human
Resources
• Objectives of Business
• Work Environment
• Corporate Image
• Labour management
Relationship
• 7) Technological Capabilities
Micro Environment Macro Environment

11. Internal Environment:
Internal environment refers to factors existing within a business firm.These
factors are generally regarded as controllable factors because the
company has control over these factors.
 Financial Factors:
Factors like financial policies, financial procedures and capital structure
are also important internal environment affecting business performance,
strategies and decisions.
 Physical and Human Resources:
The characteristics of the human resources like skill, quality, moral,
commitment etc., contribute to the strength and weakness of an
organization.
 Objectives of Business:
The business domain of the company, direction of development,
business policy etc., are guided by the objectives of the company

12.  Work Environment:
The organisational structure, company policies, extent of
professionalism in management etc., are important factors influencing
business decisions.
 Company Image and Brand:
The image of the company matters while raising finance, forming
joint ventures, entering purchase or sales contract etc.
 Labour Management Relationship:
Factors like the amount of support top management enjoys from
different level of employees, and other participants influences company
decisions and their implementations.
 R&D and Technological Capabilities:
It determines a company’s ability to innovate and compete.

13.  External Environment
The external environment refers to the factors existing outside the
business firm. The external factors are beyond the control of a
company, hence its success depends to the adaptability of the
environment.
Again external environment is divided in two parts:
1)Micro Environment
2)Macro Environment

14.  Micro Environment
The factors which are close to the company and affects its ability to work
constitutes micro environment. It is known as the operating environment
of business.
When competing form in the industry have the same micro elements,
the success of the firm depends on their relative effectiveness in dealing
with these elements.
 Suppliers:
Suppliers are those who supply the inputs like raw material and
components to the company. Uncertainties regarding the supply
constraints the company to maintain high inventories causing cost
increase.
 Customers:
Success of any business depends upon identifying customers, their
needs, likes etc., and enhancing the level of customer satisfaction. The
major task of a business is to create and sustain customers.

15.  Competitors:
Competitors mans other business units which are marketing or
producing similar products or a very close substitute of our product.
Business has to adjust its various activities according to the action and
reactions of competitors.
 Marketing Intermediaries:
These are the firms that aid the company in promoting , selling and
distributing its goods to final buyers. They are the vital links between the
company and the final consumers.
Public:
A public is any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact
on an organization's ability to achieve its interest. Some companies are
seriously affected by such public.
E.g. Media

16. Macro Environment
Macro environment means general environment of business. Macro
forces are uncontrollable in comparison to the micro forces of
environment. The growth and survival of business depends upon its
adaptability to macro environmental factors.
The important macro environment are:
1)Economic Environment
2) Non Economic Environment
 Economic Environment:
To know the economic environment of a country or a business one has
to understand the economic policies of the nation. These policies put
direct impact on the working and success of the business. Economic
conditions, economic policies (Industrial policies, monetary and fiscal
policy etc) and the economic system are the important factors that
constitute economic environment of the business.

17.  Non Economic Environment
 Socio cultural Environment:
The socio-cultural environmental factors consist of human relationship
and the development. Some of the important factors in the social
environment are the buying and consumption habit of people, their
languages, beliefs and values, custom and traditions, etc that effeccts
the business.
 Legal Environment:
Every country follows its own system of law. The companies operatiing
in the global market have to take into account the provisions with rspect
to the legal environment prevalent in the countries which thy do
business. These law and regulations affect the day-to-day operations of
business.
 International Environment:
The international environment is particularly important for industries
directly depending on imports or exports.
E.g. Import export policies of various countries.

18.  Political Environment:
The political environment consists of factors related to the management of
public affairs that have a considerable impact on the business of an
organization. It impacts the legislations and government rules and
regulations under which business organizations operates in a country.
 Technological Environment:
Technological environment comprises both machines (hard technology)
and scientific thinking (soft technology) used to solve problems and
promote progress. It also represents the degree of advancement of goods
and services that are prevalent in a country or a region.
 Natural Environment:
Geographical factors such as natural resources endowments, weather and
climatic conditions, location aspects in the global context, port facilities
etc., are all relevant to business.

19.  Significance of Business Environment
 First Mover Advantage:
Awareness of environment helps an enterprise to take advantage of early
opportunities instead of loosing them to competitors.
E.g. Maruti Udyog became leader in small car
 Early Warning Signal:
Environmental awareness serves as an early warning signal. It makes a
firm aware of the future threats or crisis so that the firm can take timely
action to minimize the adverse effects.
 Customer Focus:
Environmental understanding makes the management sensitive to the
changing needs and expectations of the consumers.
E.g. Apps in mobile

20.  Strategy Formulation:
Environmental monitoring provieds relevant information about the
business opportunities on the basis of which firms makes their
stratrgies.
e.g. ITC in travel and tourism sector
 Public Image:
A business firm can improve its imageby showing that it is sensitive to
its environment and responsiveas per the need of customers.
 Continuous Learning:
Environmental analysis serves as broad and ongoing education for
business executive so that they can react in an appropriate manner to
the changing scenario and therby increase the success of their
organization.

21. Environment Scanning
 The word scanning means to look carefully into or to examine. The
term Environmental Scanning in business means to “Carefully
analyze the various factors influencing the business”.
 Environmental Scanning is a continuous process. It is a process by
which the organizations monitor their relevant environment to
identify opportunities and threats affecting their business.
According to B.W.Denning “The advocates of systematic corporate
planning (strategic management process) base their case on the
view that the determination of the future can be improved by a
systematic analytical approach which reviews the business as a
whole in relation to the environment.”

22. Need of Environment Scanning
 Effective Utilization of Resources:
The key to business success is the most effective utilization of
resources. Companies which fails to do so are doomed to failure.
 Helps in Converting threats into Opportunities:
Environmental scanning allows the strategies to anticipate
opportunities and plan alternative responses to these opportunities.
Environmental scanning helps in preventing the threats or develop
strategies that can turn threats to opportunities for the benefits of
organization. If all the companies were able to do that, then every
company would have earned good profits, growth and reputation.
 Useful for the managers:
A business manger should be able analyze the environment to grasp
the

23.  Strategic Management Starts with Environmental Scanning:
Environmental scanning is the starting point of strategic
management. strategy formulation and strategy implementation are
the outcome of environment scanning. To implement the strategy,
the first thing is formulation of strategy. Again this strategy
formulation is based on what impact the environment has on
organization in terms of opportunities and threats.
 Constant Monitoring of the Environment:
Environmental scanning provides a clear idea about the existing
environment. Without environment scanning it would not be possible
to know the change in customers tastes=, preferences, competitors
moves, latest policies etc.
opportunities or face the threats.
 Narrowing Down the Opportunities:
An in-depth and meaningful environmental scanning assists the
strategists to reduce the range of available alternatives and
eliminate options that are totally inconsisten with the forecast
opportunities or threats. Of these alternatives and options, which is
the viable and promising has to be traced out.

24. Process of Environment Scanning
Identifying Environmental Factors
Scanning & Selecting Relevant & Key Factors
Defining Variables for Analysis
Using Different Methods, Techniques & Tools
Forecasting Environmental Factors
Designing Profiles
Strategic position and Report Writing

25. Environmental analysis process is not static but a dynamic process.
It may differ depending on the situation. However general process with
few common steps can be identified as the process of environmental
analysis they are:
 Identifying Environmental Factors:
All strategist should identify all the relevant factors that might affect
their business. In this process, one should first know what the internal
areas (internal structure, culture, labour management) of the
business are. Similarly, a business daily interacts with the close
environmental components outside the business such as customers,
competitors. Furthermore, general factors such as political, legal,
economic etc. are to be identified.
 Scanning and Selecting Relevant Key Factors:
Out of all the business environmental factors, a strategist should focus
on the relevant factors for analysis. This step basically avoids the
overload of unnecessary information.

26.  Defining Variables for Analysis:
Selected environmental factors are to be further specified into the
variables. For example, political situation can be measured using few
variables such as instability, reliability and long term effect. Economic
environment might cover many variables such as per capita, GDP etc.
 Using Different Methods, Techniques and Tools:
Some of the major methods of analysis can be Scenario building,
Benchmarking, Network methods.
Scenario presents overall picture of its total system with affecting
factors. Benchmarking is to find the best standard in an industry and
to compare the one’s strength and weakness wit the standard.
Network method is to assess organizational system and its outside
environment to find out the SWOT of an organization.
Some of the techniques are Survey, Brainstorming, Historical Enquiry.
Analysis tools can be statistical such as general descriptive tools as
mean, median, mode, frequency. Finance & accounting use mostly
profitability, leverages and other similar financial tools for analysis.

27.  Forecasting Environmental Factors:
Collecting relevant information and to identify the variables are
basics of analysis. Analyzing the past information to predict the
future is the main objective of this step.
 Designing Profile:
After analyzing the environmental factors they are recorded into the
profiles. Such profile record each component or variable into left
side and their positive, negative or neutral indicators including their
statement in the right side.
Internal areas are recorded in Strategic Advantage Profile (SAP)
and external areas are recorded in Environmental Threat and
Opportunity Profile (ETOP).
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) profile can be
designed combining both of these two profiles into one.

28. Strategic Position and Report Writing:
After preparing the profiles strategists prepare formal report that
describes the business environment. The report might present
issues and best strength of business environment. Based on this
report future strategies can be made effectively.

29. SWOT Analysis
A SWOT analysis is structured planning method used to evaluate
the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in
a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the
objective of the business venture or project and identifying the
internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to
achieve that objective.