Sales promotion aims to encourage early product purchase and build market share through short-term incentives. Common tools include samples, coupons, cash-back offers, and contests. Sales promotions target potential customers including non-users, loyal users of other brands, and brand switchers. Personal selling involves two-way communication between salespeople and customers to provide demonstrations and modify marketing messages for each situation. It is most effective for high-value, technical products with fewer prospects. Salesforce management includes recruiting, training, compensating, supervising, and evaluating salespeople to achieve sales targets.