Regulation can have both enabling and constraining effects on small businesses. It influences businesses directly through compliance requirements, but also indirectly through customers, suppliers and competitors. The effects are complex and depend on how businesses respond. Regulations may enable markets through property rights and stability, motivate compliance, or constrain through costs. For small firms, financial reporting rules aim to balance confidentiality and access to resources, but both options have opportunity costs. Building regulations aimed at safety indirectly constrained one electrical contractor by causing qualified staff to quit. Policy should recognize regulations always have multiple, unintended consequences for small businesses.