Presentation by Frédérique Six at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Six discusses effective regulation, the trust triangle, compliance and a trust regime.
This presentation by the Caroline Wallace, Legal Services Board, UK was made during a roundtable discussion on Disruptive innovations in legal services held at the 61st meeting of the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 13 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/disruptive-innovations-in-legal-services.htm
This presentation by the John O. McGinnis, Northwestern Pritzker School of Law was made during a roundtable discussion on Disruptive innovations in legal services held at the 61st meeting of the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 13 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/disruptive-innovations-in-legal-services.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during a roundtable discussion on Disruptive innovations in legal services held at the 61st meeting of the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 13 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/disruptive-innovations-in-legal-services.htm
This presentation by Prof. Hwang LEE from the Korean University School of Law was made during the discussion on "Sanctions in Anti-trust cases" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 2 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/competition-and-sanctions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
In the framework of an OECD project with the Mexican Ministry of Economy, this presentation summarises the findings of this 2016 OECD report on international experiences and best practices regarding the role of courts in the implementation of competition policy. The full report available in English and Spanish can be downloaded at oe.cd/comp-courts-report-2016.
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion on "Sanctions in Anti-trust cases" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 2 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/competition-and-sanctions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during a roundtable discussion on Commitment Decisions in Antitrust Cases held at the 125th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 17 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/commitment-decisions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during a roundtable discussion on Public interest considerations in merger control held at the 123rd meeting of the Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 14 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/public-interest-considerations-in-merger-control.htm
This presentation by the Caroline Wallace, Legal Services Board, UK was made during a roundtable discussion on Disruptive innovations in legal services held at the 61st meeting of the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 13 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/disruptive-innovations-in-legal-services.htm
This presentation by the John O. McGinnis, Northwestern Pritzker School of Law was made during a roundtable discussion on Disruptive innovations in legal services held at the 61st meeting of the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 13 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/disruptive-innovations-in-legal-services.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during a roundtable discussion on Disruptive innovations in legal services held at the 61st meeting of the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 13 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/disruptive-innovations-in-legal-services.htm
This presentation by Prof. Hwang LEE from the Korean University School of Law was made during the discussion on "Sanctions in Anti-trust cases" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 2 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/competition-and-sanctions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
In the framework of an OECD project with the Mexican Ministry of Economy, this presentation summarises the findings of this 2016 OECD report on international experiences and best practices regarding the role of courts in the implementation of competition policy. The full report available in English and Spanish can be downloaded at oe.cd/comp-courts-report-2016.
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion on "Sanctions in Anti-trust cases" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 2 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/competition-and-sanctions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during a roundtable discussion on Commitment Decisions in Antitrust Cases held at the 125th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 17 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/commitment-decisions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during a roundtable discussion on Public interest considerations in merger control held at the 123rd meeting of the Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 14 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/public-interest-considerations-in-merger-control.htm
Economic Aspects Of Enforcing The Rule Of Law BodinOllivierBodin
This is about the difficulties to establish the Rule of Law in Soth-Est Europe, about the economic costs of a lack it and about thrust and confidence building in networks.
Presentation from the OECD Roundtable on Equal Access to Justice, Latvia, 2018. For more information see: http://www.oecd.org/gov/equal-access-to-justice-oecd-expert-roundtable-latvia-2018.htm
This presentation by Scott Hammond, Partner, Gibson Dunn, was made during the discussion “Challenges and co-ordination of leniency programmes” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 5 June 2018. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/2gt.
This presentation by Alec J. Burnside, Managing Partner, Brussels office, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP was made during the discussion on "Big Data: Bringing competition policy to the digital era" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 29 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/big-data-bringing-competition-policy-to-the-digital-era.htm
This presentation by Maurice E. Stucke from the Konkurrenz Group was made during the discussion on "Big Data: Bringing competition policy to the digital era" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 29 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/big-data-bringing-competition-policy-to-the-digital-era.htm
This presentation by Michal Gal, Professor and Director of the Forum on Law and Markets, Haifa University, was made during the discussion “Data portability, interoperability and competition” held at the 135th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 9 June 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/dpic.
This presentation by Michal Gal (Professor of Law at University of Haifa Law School, Israel) was made during the discussion “Algorithms and collusion” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 23 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1-0.
This presentation by Sean Ennis, Director of the Centre for Competition Policy and Professor of Competition Policy at Norwich Business School, was made during the discussion “Independent sector regulators and competition” held at the 68th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 2 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/isrc.
This presentation by the EU DG Competition was made during the discussion “Algorithms and collusion” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 23 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1-0.
These slides by the OECD Competition Division introduce the OECD background note presented during the discussion on "Price discrimination" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 30 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/price-discrimination.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion “Algorithms and collusion” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 23 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1-0.
This presentation by Barbara Rosenberg was prepared for a roundtable discussion on Criminalisation of cartels and bid rigging conspiracies at the 131st meeting of the OECD Working Party 3 on 9 June 2020. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/criminalisation-of-cartels-and-bid-rigging-conspiracies.htm
This presentation by Geoffrey A. Manne, Founder & Executive Director of the International Center for Law and Economics was made during the discussion on "Big Data: Bringing competition policy to the digital era" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 29 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/big-data-bringing-competition-policy-to-the-digital-era.htm
This presentation by Paul Crampton, Chief Justice of the Canadian Federal Court and Member of the Competition Tribunal, was made during the discussion “Judicial perspectives on competition law” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/jpcl.
The Role of Regulations in the Development of Digital FinanceJohn Owens
This presentation focuses on the balancing act between innovation, safety and soundness of digital financial services as well as steps to support consumer protection. It also includes a review of the current guidelines and a checklist format to guide regulators and policy makers to compare their own regulations, policies, environments and supervisory capacity in relation to emerging developments in the field of DFS.
International Regulatory Co-operation: The range of possible approachesOECD Governance
Presentation by Céline Kauffmann, Deputy Head, OECD Regulatory Policy Division, at the joint meeting of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee and Trade Committee on 5 November 2015, Session 1: Learning more about IRC mechanisms, Paris, 5 November 2015. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/irc.htm.
Trust in Government: What is it? How to measure? What can be done? Wikiprogress_slides
Presentation by Bo Rothstein at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Rothstein discusses how to capture the quality of government and its impact on social trust. He also provides suggestions for what can be done to strengthen quality of government?
Presentation by Mario Solis-Garcia at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Solis-Garcia discusses why trust matters and uses a simple economic model to see how government trust influences environment, government, households and timing.
Economic Aspects Of Enforcing The Rule Of Law BodinOllivierBodin
This is about the difficulties to establish the Rule of Law in Soth-Est Europe, about the economic costs of a lack it and about thrust and confidence building in networks.
Presentation from the OECD Roundtable on Equal Access to Justice, Latvia, 2018. For more information see: http://www.oecd.org/gov/equal-access-to-justice-oecd-expert-roundtable-latvia-2018.htm
This presentation by Scott Hammond, Partner, Gibson Dunn, was made during the discussion “Challenges and co-ordination of leniency programmes” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 5 June 2018. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/2gt.
This presentation by Alec J. Burnside, Managing Partner, Brussels office, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP was made during the discussion on "Big Data: Bringing competition policy to the digital era" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 29 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/big-data-bringing-competition-policy-to-the-digital-era.htm
This presentation by Maurice E. Stucke from the Konkurrenz Group was made during the discussion on "Big Data: Bringing competition policy to the digital era" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 29 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/big-data-bringing-competition-policy-to-the-digital-era.htm
This presentation by Michal Gal, Professor and Director of the Forum on Law and Markets, Haifa University, was made during the discussion “Data portability, interoperability and competition” held at the 135th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 9 June 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/dpic.
This presentation by Michal Gal (Professor of Law at University of Haifa Law School, Israel) was made during the discussion “Algorithms and collusion” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 23 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1-0.
This presentation by Sean Ennis, Director of the Centre for Competition Policy and Professor of Competition Policy at Norwich Business School, was made during the discussion “Independent sector regulators and competition” held at the 68th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 2 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/isrc.
This presentation by the EU DG Competition was made during the discussion “Algorithms and collusion” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 23 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1-0.
These slides by the OECD Competition Division introduce the OECD background note presented during the discussion on "Price discrimination" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 30 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/price-discrimination.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion “Algorithms and collusion” held at the 127th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 23 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1-0.
This presentation by Barbara Rosenberg was prepared for a roundtable discussion on Criminalisation of cartels and bid rigging conspiracies at the 131st meeting of the OECD Working Party 3 on 9 June 2020. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/criminalisation-of-cartels-and-bid-rigging-conspiracies.htm
This presentation by Geoffrey A. Manne, Founder & Executive Director of the International Center for Law and Economics was made during the discussion on "Big Data: Bringing competition policy to the digital era" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 29 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/big-data-bringing-competition-policy-to-the-digital-era.htm
This presentation by Paul Crampton, Chief Justice of the Canadian Federal Court and Member of the Competition Tribunal, was made during the discussion “Judicial perspectives on competition law” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/jpcl.
The Role of Regulations in the Development of Digital FinanceJohn Owens
This presentation focuses on the balancing act between innovation, safety and soundness of digital financial services as well as steps to support consumer protection. It also includes a review of the current guidelines and a checklist format to guide regulators and policy makers to compare their own regulations, policies, environments and supervisory capacity in relation to emerging developments in the field of DFS.
International Regulatory Co-operation: The range of possible approachesOECD Governance
Presentation by Céline Kauffmann, Deputy Head, OECD Regulatory Policy Division, at the joint meeting of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee and Trade Committee on 5 November 2015, Session 1: Learning more about IRC mechanisms, Paris, 5 November 2015. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/irc.htm.
Trust in Government: What is it? How to measure? What can be done? Wikiprogress_slides
Presentation by Bo Rothstein at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Rothstein discusses how to capture the quality of government and its impact on social trust. He also provides suggestions for what can be done to strengthen quality of government?
Presentation by Mario Solis-Garcia at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Solis-Garcia discusses why trust matters and uses a simple economic model to see how government trust influences environment, government, households and timing.
Crisis and Trust in National and European Union institutions – Panel evidence...Wikiprogress_slides
Presentation by Felix Roth at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Dr. Roth discusses the consequences of citizens declining trust and the driving factors of declining trust in Europe. He also provides an econometric analysis of trust and unemployment.
Presentation by Dóra Györffy at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Ms. Györffy discusses trust in-depth including its relationship with decision-making, economic policy, popularity of government and its influence on the crisis.
Presentation by Marco Mira d’Ercole at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Mira d'Ercole discusses the interest and importance of trust, how trust should be measured and trust's broader relationship with the quality of democratic institutions.
Presentation by Pall Thorhallsson at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Thorhallsson discusses the pre-crash situation, the nature of the 2008 crash, and the crash's impact on trust. He also mentions reasons for the lacking trust.
Presentation by Tracy Burns at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Ms. Burns discusses trends in governance and education, satisfaction with the education system, accountability, and positive outcomes possible with educated adults.
Presentation by Yann Algan at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Mr. Algan discusses the relationships between institutions, inequality/segmentation and trust. He also examines how to identify impact of policy on trust.
Presentation by Rachel Holloway, Department for Business, Energy, & Industrial Strategy, United Kingdom, at the RIA workshop which took place in Lima on 22-24 May 2017. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
How to Prepare Your Firm for a Visit from the SRALegl
The SRA regularly visit law firms to monitor their compliance with AML regulations. In this session, we cover the areas that will put you ahead of the game should you receive notice that your firm will receive a visit.
Visit https://legl.com/events/webinar-how-to-prepare-your-firm-for-a-visit-from-the-sra-view/ to watch the full webinar.
Encouraging Internal Compliance Communication WebinarCase IQ
Attorney Lisa Noller and Michael Weisman, Chief Counsel, Compliance at Kraft Foods Group, discuss tips for getting your employees to speak up about workplace misconduct.
Thirty percent of surveyed businesses reported that they have experienced some sort of supply chain fraud. So why do only 13% monitor supply chain fraud on an annual basis and only 12% on a quarterly basis? Supply chain fraud comes in a variety of forms, but the two most common types are corruption and conflict of interest. Both types lead to the ‘unlawful loss’ or ‘unlawful advantage’ that establishes supply chain fraud. These types of fraud are typically achieved through direct theft of assets, false reporting and the falsification of performance reports, and technological abuse. Supply chain fraud is a rising concern due to the growing complexity of the supply chain as a whole. While data is now much more available through top technologies such as ERP and WMS, many of the executives surveyed are not deploying data analytics tools that can help in identifying instances of fraud. The industries suffering most from supply chain fraud are life sciences/healthcare and energy/resources. Both of these industries saw significant fraud increases between 2014 and 2016. These operations, among all others, would benefit from a regularly scheduled audit program. This has proven to be the most effective method in identifying, eliminating and preventing fraud. Record and communicate these procedures to every team member to establish clear expectations and standards. To learn more about solutions available to prevent supply chain fraud contact Datex experts today at marketing@datexcorp.com or 800.933.2839 ext 243.
Professor William Byrnes' powerpoint for the Regulatory Impact Analysis lectures in the Law & Economics course. Study the materials beforehand as class will only be a facilitated discussion of regulatory case studies and policy initiatives
Regulatory Impact Analysis - Law & Economics courseWilliam Byrnes
Regulatory Impact Analysis - Law & Economics course
Effective regulation is regulation that achieves the policy objective that led to it being made.
Efficient regulation achieves these objectives at the lowest total cost to all members of society
The R&D projects funded by the European Union. The recent experience of Web-...Wikiprogress_slides
Presentation given by Donatella Fazio of Istat to student of Università di Bologna Corso di laurea in Sviluppo e Cooperazione Internazionale on 27 November 2014
Citizenship to monitor quality of life and evaluate progress in citiesWikiprogress_slides
Presentation by Kate Scrivens, Policy Analyst, OECD Statistics to Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) students on their study visit to OECD, Paris on 12 December 2014.
Transferring knowledge into policy and the role of WikiprogressWikiprogress_slides
This is a presentation made for the QoLexity Masters course, given at the Universita degli Studi, Florence by Kate Scrivens, manager of the knowledge-sharing site Wikiprogress on November 6 2014.
This presentation is composed of graphs from a German Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study "Explaining educational inequalities in adolescent life satisfaction: do health behaviour and gender matter?". Using data from over 5,000 school children, members of the German HBSC national team investigated the role of health behaviour in explaining educational inequalities in adolescent life satisfaction nationally.
The data needs to support the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship initia...Wikiprogress_slides
The data needs to support the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship initiative by T.Hutchinson, i-genius for Web-Cost kick-off meeting 9 January 2014
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
2. Effective regulation
• Is perceived by regulatee as legitimate and
procedurally just
• Is responsive:
– distinguish trustworthy from “distrustworthy”
• Strengthens regulatee’s self-determination
and intrinsic motivation
• (Makes use of whole network of actors around
regulatee to strengthen willingness and ability
to attend to public interests)
2
5. Trust has positive effect
on compliance
• The more directors perceive inspectors trust
them, the higher their compliance at next
inspection (Braithwaite & Makkai, 1994)
• The more tax payers trust the tax inspector, the
higher their intention to comply (Murphy, 2004;
Murphy et al, 2009)
• When mining inspectors were ‘ordered’ to
distrust mining firms instead of a more
cooperative approach, both parties agreed that
over time mining safety had declined
(Gunningham & Sinclair, 2009)
5
6. Procedural justice and process
more important than outcome
• Why people obey the law (Tyler, 1990; 2006)
– People’s motivation to cooperate with legal
authorities rooted in social relationships and ethical
judgments
– Legitimacy key and procedural justice as basis for
legitimacy (see also Murphy et al, 2009)
• Perceptions of procedural justice more effect on
regulatees’ trust than outcome (Murphy, 2004)
• Process (fairness, equity) large effect on citizen
trust in civil servants, often larger than outcomes
(Van Ryzin, 2011)
6
7. Trust, control and compliance
in regulatory relations
Self-determination
enhancing
regulator controls
+
Regulator
general propensity
to trust regulatees
Source: Six, 2013
Regulatee
internalization
+
of regulator values
+
Regulator trust
+
+
+
Regulatee
compliance
8. Much research into citizens’ trust
but not government’s trust
• Dutch National Ombudsman: “Government
distrusts citizens”.
• Officials’ trust is relevant for citizen participation
(Yang, 2005)
• “Distrust unless otherwise proved” = rationalistic
bureaucratic value (Yang, 2005)
• 47% of inspectors showed a general propensity to
distrust regulatees, while only 31% showed a
general propensity to trust (Mascini & van Wijk,
2009)
8
10. Conceptual confusions
1. Trust is doing nothing
Trust is hard work
2. Trust and control are substitutes
Control and trust may be complementary
3. Trust and distrust are two ends of one
continuum
Trust and distrust are separate constructs
10
11. Willingness to comply generally high
• Tax office: appr 85% willing to submit
acceptable tax return; appr 65% actually do.
Difference due to competence
• Most food entrepreneurs support working
safely and hygienically with food (van Wijk &
Six, forthcoming)
• Ministry of Social Affairs: compliance to social
benefits rules 91-99%; most violations not
intentional
11
12. Principles for trust approach
• Focus on controlling relevant risks
• A business is trustworthy when it is willing and
able to structurally control the risks it imposes
on society
• Distinguishing trustworthy business from the
rest
• Different regimes
12
13. Trust regime
• More principle-based norms
(i.o. rule-based)
• More requirements to only report
(i.o. asking permission before and control after)
• Inspections aimed at management system to
control risks (i.o. purely on output or input)
• Fewer inspections on output
• Obligation of business to voluntary report
violations, together with measures taken to
correct and prevent in future
13
14. Trust regime: sanctions
• It is inevitable that occasional violations will occur
in complex processes
• Regulatory justice principles (Macrory 2006)
– Damage to third parties needs to be compensated,
irrespective of cause of violation
– (Unintended) gains from violation need to be creamed
off, irrespective of cause of violation (level playing
field + to reduce temptation)
– Only if after this extra sanction is warranted, this will
be applied (e.g. because of intention to violate, or
severe negligence, or repetition of violation)
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15. Potential for trust approach
Varies by sector, for example
• Dutch international shipping fleet: 80-95%
compliance & most may qualify
• Dutch fishing fleet: 40-50% compliance &
none may qualify at present
Source: interview director Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate (ILT) , 2012
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16. Intentions, risk control and trust
Business intentions
Principled
Context-sensitive
Business
behaviour
Voluntary
risk control
Inspector trust
in business
High trust
Calculative
Enforced
risk control
Influence
inspector
Low distrust
On purpose
violation
High distrust
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17. Dynamic categorisation
possible triggers for move
• New management
w good intentions
• Implementation required
measures
• Appoint competent staff
• Improved financial situation
• ….
• New management
w/o good intentions
or lacking competence
• Deteriorated financial
position
• (Severe) violations
•….
17
