Follow-up to http://www.slideshare.net/BrianSpiering/building-better-models-in-cognitive-neuroscience-part-1-theory-24208554

1. Dr. Brian J. Spiering
Building Better Models in
Cognitive Neuroscience:
APPLICATION

2. Review
• Better models help solve better problems
• Why?
• Ideals
• Modeling

7. HOW DOES
PROCEDURAL
EXPERTISE
DEVELOP?

8. 1)Idea
2)Inception
3)Instantiations

9. Previous Notions
“It has been widely held that although memory
traces are at first formed in the cerebral cortex,
they are finally reduced or transferred by long
practice to subcortical levels” (p. 466)
Karl Lashley (1950)
In search of the engram

10. Previous Notions
“Routine, automatic, or overlearned behavioral
sequences, however complex, do not engage the
PFC and may be entirely organized in subcortical
structures” (p. 323)
Joaquin Fuster (2001)
The prefrontal cortex – an update

11. Previous Notions

12. An Contrarian Model of
Procedural Expertise

13. Procedural learning is striatum dependent.
Procedural expertise is striatum independent.
SPEED Model
(Subcortical Pathways Enable Expertise Development)

14. INCEPTION

15. F. Greg Ashby John Ennis

16. SCHEMATIC
OVERVIEW

17. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A
B
A B
A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model

18. Sensory
Association
Cortex
A Response
A
A
A
A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
Excitatory
Inhibitory
SPEED Model:
Single Subcortical

19. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A
B
A B
A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
Subcortical

20. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Striatum
SNpc
Dopamine
Excitatory
SPEED Model:
Subcortical Learning

22. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A
B
A B
A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
Subcortical

23. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Response
BA
A-B difference
SPEED Model:
Cortical

24. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A
B
A B
A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
Cortical Learning

25. ACTIVATION
EQUATIONS

26. Sensory
Association
Cortex

27. BA Striatum

28. A BGlobus Pallidus

29. A
B
Thalamus

30. BA
Premotor Area
(Cortex)

31. Response
A-B difference

32. Sensory
Association
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A
B
A B
A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model

33. LEARNING

34. Sensory
Association
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
1st Trial

35. Sensory
Association
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
Early Learning

36. Sensory
Association
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
Middle Learning

37. Sensory
Association
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Striatum
SPEED Model:
Mature Performance

38. LEARNING
EQUATIONS

39. Sensory
Association
Cortex
BA
Premotor Area
(Cortex)
2-Factor
Learning

40. Sensory
Association
Cortex
BA
Striatum
Sensory
Association
Cortex
SNpc
3-Factor
Learning

41. Dopamine Release
Incorrect Trial
Correct Trial

42. Break

43. INSTANTIATIONS

44. Romo, Merchant et al.

45. 0
0.5
1
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Cycles Per Second
ProportionofLowResponses

48. 0
0.5
1
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Cycles per Second
ProportionofLowResponses
Low High
Monkeys
SPEED
Speed (mm/s)

49. Merchant et al. (1997)
SPEED

50. Romo et al., 1997
SPEED

51. Carelli, Wolske, & West (1997)

53. SPEED
Carelli et al., 1997

54. Choi, Balsam, & Horvitz (2005)

56. SPEED

57. Nosofsky & Palmeri (1997)

58. A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B B
Brightness
Saturation

59. Participant 1
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
5
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
140
Block (N)
MeanResponseTime
SPEEDNosofsky & Palmeri (1997)

60. SPEED

61. UPDATES