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The document discusses interprocess communication (IPC) and protocols. It describes different IPC paradigms like message queues, semaphores, and shared memory. It also covers unicast and multicast communication, synchronous vs asynchronous operations, data representation for communication between processes, and examples of protocols like HTTP.
The document discusses interprocess communication and summarizes the key points about client-server and group communication patterns. It describes the Java API for internet protocols, which provides datagram and stream communication using UDP and TCP. Specifically, it outlines how UDP supports message passing through datagrams, while TCP provides reliable, ordered streams between processes.
The document discusses TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is a suite of communication protocols used to connect devices on the internet and private networks. It describes the history of TCP/IP's development by DARPA in the 1970s and its use in Unix operating systems. The document outlines the importance, uses, layers, and basic functioning of TCP/IP.
This document provides an overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It begins with an introduction to the OSI reference model and describes how the TCP/IP model compares. The key layers of the TCP/IP model are then discussed in more detail, including the application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access layer. Specific protocols associated with each layer like TCP, UDP, IP, Ethernet, and PPP are also introduced.
This document is a seminar report on TCP/IP submitted to Rajasthan Technical University. It begins with an acknowledgment thanking those who helped in preparing the report. The contents section provides an outline of the report, which includes an abstract, introduction to TCP/IP, basics of TCP/IP including its origin and functions, TCP/IP architecture describing how data flows through layers, acronyms of important terms, and a conclusion.
The document discusses network protocols and related standards. It introduces the OSI Reference Model, which defines seven layers of network functionality standardized by ISO to enable communication between systems. These layers include the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The document also discusses IEEE 802 network specifications and various protocols like TCP/IP, NetBEUI, and others. It provides an overview of each OSI layer and their functions in network communication.
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The document discusses interprocess communication (IPC) and protocols. It describes different IPC paradigms like message queues, semaphores, and shared memory. It also covers unicast and multicast communication, synchronous vs asynchronous operations, data representation for communication between processes, and examples of protocols like HTTP.
The document discusses interprocess communication and summarizes the key points about client-server and group communication patterns. It describes the Java API for internet protocols, which provides datagram and stream communication using UDP and TCP. Specifically, it outlines how UDP supports message passing through datagrams, while TCP provides reliable, ordered streams between processes.
The document discusses TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is a suite of communication protocols used to connect devices on the internet and private networks. It describes the history of TCP/IP's development by DARPA in the 1970s and its use in Unix operating systems. The document outlines the importance, uses, layers, and basic functioning of TCP/IP.
This document provides an overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It begins with an introduction to the OSI reference model and describes how the TCP/IP model compares. The key layers of the TCP/IP model are then discussed in more detail, including the application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access layer. Specific protocols associated with each layer like TCP, UDP, IP, Ethernet, and PPP are also introduced.
This document is a seminar report on TCP/IP submitted to Rajasthan Technical University. It begins with an acknowledgment thanking those who helped in preparing the report. The contents section provides an outline of the report, which includes an abstract, introduction to TCP/IP, basics of TCP/IP including its origin and functions, TCP/IP architecture describing how data flows through layers, acronyms of important terms, and a conclusion.
The document discusses network protocols and related standards. It introduces the OSI Reference Model, which defines seven layers of network functionality standardized by ISO to enable communication between systems. These layers include the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The document also discusses IEEE 802 network specifications and various protocols like TCP/IP, NetBEUI, and others. It provides an overview of each OSI layer and their functions in network communication.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts for a networking and computer science diploma program. It discusses topics like network fundamentals, OSI and TCP/IP models, network media, protocols, addressing schemes, and application layer functionality. The course covers these topics through lectures, exams, and a take-home assignment to help students understand basic networking principles.
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
This document provides an overview of a course on computer networking. It discusses the objectives of the course which are to provide students with an understanding of networking concepts, protocols, and technologies. It outlines the various topics that will be covered over the semester including the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer. It also provides guidance on expectations for students including attending lectures, reading assignments, and completing four assignments over the course of the semester.
The document is a paper on the network layer written by Muhammad Adil Raja. It begins with an introduction that defines the key functions of the network layer, including getting packets from source to destination across multiple hops. It then outlines the topics to be covered, which are network layer design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control algorithms, and references. The body of the document discusses these topics in more detail through several sections. It covers issues like whether the network layer should provide connection-oriented or connectionless service, and compares virtual circuit and datagram networks. It also examines routing algorithms and the optimality principle.
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The document discusses key concepts in network fundamentals including:
- The structure of networks including devices, media, protocols, and layered models like TCP/IP and OSI.
- How messages are communicated across networks in segments using hardware, software, end devices, and intermediary devices connected by network media.
- The roles of protocols in allowing different devices to communicate successfully in a standardized way.
- How layered models and encapsulation with headers allow networks to operate independently of underlying technologies.
The document discusses the data link layer and outlines its key functions and design considerations. It covers three main services provided by the data link layer to the network layer: unacknowledged connectionless, acknowledged connectionless, and acknowledged connection-oriented. It also discusses framing of data, error detection and correction techniques, and elementary and sliding window protocols used at the data link layer. The goal is to study how the data link layer provides reliable and efficient communication between network layers on different machines.
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Comparison and Contrast between OSI and TCP/IP ModelConferencias FIST
The document compares the OSI and TCP/IP models.
- OSI has 7 layers including session and presentation layers, while TCP/IP combines their functions into its application layer.
- Both models have transport layers that provide reliable data transmission, with TCP/IP using TCP for connections and UDP for datagrams.
- The OSI network layer supports both connection-oriented and connectionless services, while TCP/IP's internet layer is solely connectionless using IP.
The document discusses TCP/IP and the OSI model. It provides details on:
- TCP/IP consisting of rules for protocol used with IP to send data between computers over the Internet. IP handles delivery while TCP tracks data transmission.
- The 7-layer OSI model with layers grouped into physical/data link, network/transport, and application/presentation/session. Layers define communication details and encapsulation/decapsulation of data.
- Common data units including segments, packets, datagrams, frames, cells, and bits/bytes. Encapsulation adds headers at each layer.
- Other topics covered include IP addressing, domain name servers, URLs, wireless networks, Wi-Fi, WiMax
The document discusses network layer concepts including packet switching, IP addressing, and fragmentation. It provides details on:
- Packet switching breaks data into packets that are routed independently and reassembled at the destination. This allows for more efficient use of bandwidth compared to circuit switching.
- IP addresses in IPv4 are 32-bit numbers that identify devices on the network. Addresses are expressed in decimal notation like 192.168.1.1. Fragmentation breaks packets larger than the MTU into smaller fragments for transmission.
The document discusses various topics related to computer networking such as:
1. It differentiates between an internet, which connects millions of computers globally through a network of networks, and a network, which connects computers locally.
2. It describes internetworking as connecting computer networks through gateways, resulting in an internetwork or internet. The Internet Protocol establishes internetworking on the internet.
3. It provides details on HDLC frames, which use flags to mark the beginning and end, and contain address, control and information fields for transmitting data between network points.
The TCP/IP model was developed by DARPA in the late 1970s and defines the protocols used for network communication on the internet. It has four layers - the lowest is the host to network layer which connects hosts to different networks using various protocols. Above this is the internet layer which allows data packets to be routed independently to their destination using the Internet Protocol. The transport layer segments messages and uses protocols like TCP and UDP. The highest application layer provides services that applications use for functions like file transfer, email, and web browsing.
This document outlines the syllabus for the 15-744 Computer Networking course. It introduces the professor, TAs, and course objectives. The course will cover networking from the network layer to application layer, focusing on protocol rules, algorithms, and tradeoffs. Topics will include routing, transport, naming systems, and recent areas like multicast, mobility, and security. Assignments include problem sets, reading responses, a class project, and exams. The next lecture will discuss design considerations for splitting functionality across layers and nodes.
Data communication involves the transfer of data between a source and receiver. It focuses on how the data is transferred and preserved during transmission. There are five main components: a message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol.
The TCP/IP model defines four layers - application, transport, internet, and network interface - that work together to transmit data across networks. The transport layer ensures reliable and error-free delivery of data between processes running on different devices. It includes protocols like TCP that provide features like flow control, error checking, and retransmission.
Data modulation converts analog and digital signals so they can be transmitted over different mediums. Common analog modulation techniques are amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation, which vary
The document discusses the application layer in computer networks. It describes several key application layer protocols including HTTP, FTP, email, telnet, SSH, DNS, and SNMP. It explains the client-server and peer-to-peer paradigms used in application layer communication. It also provides details about the World Wide Web including components like browsers, servers, documents and protocols like HTTP, HTML, and URLs.
The OSI model is a 7-layer architecture developed by ISO for data communication between devices on a network. It describes the functions of each layer, from the physical layer defining electrical specifications to the application layer providing services to end users. Each layer has a specific role such as framing data, routing, reliability, or implementing protocols. Data moves down the layers at the sending device and up at the receiving device with each layer building upon the functions of the layer below.
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This document discusses networks, network topologies, protocols, and standards organizations. There are three main network topologies: ring, bus, and star. Protocols establish communication rules between devices regarding access, cabling, and data transfer. The two main protocol architectures are OSI and TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the most widely used and includes protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP. Standards organizations that develop communication standards include ISO, ITU, ANSI, IEEE, EIA, and IETF.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
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Dear students get fully solved assignments
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Call us at : 08263069601
The document provides an overview of networking concepts for a networking and computer science diploma program. It discusses topics like network fundamentals, OSI and TCP/IP models, network media, protocols, addressing schemes, and application layer functionality. The course covers these topics through lectures, exams, and a take-home assignment to help students understand basic networking principles.
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
This document provides an overview of a course on computer networking. It discusses the objectives of the course which are to provide students with an understanding of networking concepts, protocols, and technologies. It outlines the various topics that will be covered over the semester including the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer. It also provides guidance on expectations for students including attending lectures, reading assignments, and completing four assignments over the course of the semester.
The document is a paper on the network layer written by Muhammad Adil Raja. It begins with an introduction that defines the key functions of the network layer, including getting packets from source to destination across multiple hops. It then outlines the topics to be covered, which are network layer design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control algorithms, and references. The body of the document discusses these topics in more detail through several sections. It covers issues like whether the network layer should provide connection-oriented or connectionless service, and compares virtual circuit and datagram networks. It also examines routing algorithms and the optimality principle.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
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The document discusses key concepts in network fundamentals including:
- The structure of networks including devices, media, protocols, and layered models like TCP/IP and OSI.
- How messages are communicated across networks in segments using hardware, software, end devices, and intermediary devices connected by network media.
- The roles of protocols in allowing different devices to communicate successfully in a standardized way.
- How layered models and encapsulation with headers allow networks to operate independently of underlying technologies.
The document discusses the data link layer and outlines its key functions and design considerations. It covers three main services provided by the data link layer to the network layer: unacknowledged connectionless, acknowledged connectionless, and acknowledged connection-oriented. It also discusses framing of data, error detection and correction techniques, and elementary and sliding window protocols used at the data link layer. The goal is to study how the data link layer provides reliable and efficient communication between network layers on different machines.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Comparison and Contrast between OSI and TCP/IP ModelConferencias FIST
The document compares the OSI and TCP/IP models.
- OSI has 7 layers including session and presentation layers, while TCP/IP combines their functions into its application layer.
- Both models have transport layers that provide reliable data transmission, with TCP/IP using TCP for connections and UDP for datagrams.
- The OSI network layer supports both connection-oriented and connectionless services, while TCP/IP's internet layer is solely connectionless using IP.
The document discusses TCP/IP and the OSI model. It provides details on:
- TCP/IP consisting of rules for protocol used with IP to send data between computers over the Internet. IP handles delivery while TCP tracks data transmission.
- The 7-layer OSI model with layers grouped into physical/data link, network/transport, and application/presentation/session. Layers define communication details and encapsulation/decapsulation of data.
- Common data units including segments, packets, datagrams, frames, cells, and bits/bytes. Encapsulation adds headers at each layer.
- Other topics covered include IP addressing, domain name servers, URLs, wireless networks, Wi-Fi, WiMax
The document discusses network layer concepts including packet switching, IP addressing, and fragmentation. It provides details on:
- Packet switching breaks data into packets that are routed independently and reassembled at the destination. This allows for more efficient use of bandwidth compared to circuit switching.
- IP addresses in IPv4 are 32-bit numbers that identify devices on the network. Addresses are expressed in decimal notation like 192.168.1.1. Fragmentation breaks packets larger than the MTU into smaller fragments for transmission.
The document discusses various topics related to computer networking such as:
1. It differentiates between an internet, which connects millions of computers globally through a network of networks, and a network, which connects computers locally.
2. It describes internetworking as connecting computer networks through gateways, resulting in an internetwork or internet. The Internet Protocol establishes internetworking on the internet.
3. It provides details on HDLC frames, which use flags to mark the beginning and end, and contain address, control and information fields for transmitting data between network points.
The TCP/IP model was developed by DARPA in the late 1970s and defines the protocols used for network communication on the internet. It has four layers - the lowest is the host to network layer which connects hosts to different networks using various protocols. Above this is the internet layer which allows data packets to be routed independently to their destination using the Internet Protocol. The transport layer segments messages and uses protocols like TCP and UDP. The highest application layer provides services that applications use for functions like file transfer, email, and web browsing.
This document outlines the syllabus for the 15-744 Computer Networking course. It introduces the professor, TAs, and course objectives. The course will cover networking from the network layer to application layer, focusing on protocol rules, algorithms, and tradeoffs. Topics will include routing, transport, naming systems, and recent areas like multicast, mobility, and security. Assignments include problem sets, reading responses, a class project, and exams. The next lecture will discuss design considerations for splitting functionality across layers and nodes.
Data communication involves the transfer of data between a source and receiver. It focuses on how the data is transferred and preserved during transmission. There are five main components: a message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol.
The TCP/IP model defines four layers - application, transport, internet, and network interface - that work together to transmit data across networks. The transport layer ensures reliable and error-free delivery of data between processes running on different devices. It includes protocols like TCP that provide features like flow control, error checking, and retransmission.
Data modulation converts analog and digital signals so they can be transmitted over different mediums. Common analog modulation techniques are amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation, which vary
The document discusses the application layer in computer networks. It describes several key application layer protocols including HTTP, FTP, email, telnet, SSH, DNS, and SNMP. It explains the client-server and peer-to-peer paradigms used in application layer communication. It also provides details about the World Wide Web including components like browsers, servers, documents and protocols like HTTP, HTML, and URLs.
The OSI model is a 7-layer architecture developed by ISO for data communication between devices on a network. It describes the functions of each layer, from the physical layer defining electrical specifications to the application layer providing services to end users. Each layer has a specific role such as framing data, routing, reliability, or implementing protocols. Data moves down the layers at the sending device and up at the receiving device with each layer building upon the functions of the layer below.
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Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
This document discusses networks, network topologies, protocols, and standards organizations. There are three main network topologies: ring, bus, and star. Protocols establish communication rules between devices regarding access, cabling, and data transfer. The two main protocol architectures are OSI and TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the most widely used and includes protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP. Standards organizations that develop communication standards include ISO, ITU, ANSI, IEEE, EIA, and IETF.
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Dear students get fully solved assignments
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Call us at : 08263069601
Tobacco products contain numerous toxic and carcinogenic chemicals like nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide that are harmful to human health. Tobacco use has been conclusively linked to various cancers, lung and heart diseases, and is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. The health risks apply to all forms of tobacco use including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco. Both short-term use and long-term, regular use can damage multiple body systems and organs.
The document lists 36 projects from 2014 in various domains including cloud computing, data mining, mobile computing, parallel and distributed systems, mobility and security, image processing, and networking. The projects focus on topics such as privacy-preserving auditing in the cloud, context-based diversification for XML queries, secure association rule mining across distributed databases, location-privacy in mobile applications, and secure data retrieval in disruption-tolerant military networks.
This document provides information about learning German near Vasundhara, Ghaziabad. It notes that German is spoken by over 120 million people globally, including in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and parts of other European countries. Knowledge of German can increase job opportunities and allow one to work for global companies. It also discusses how German is the second most commonly used scientific language.
Haiku Deck allows users to create presentations by providing templates and layouts for Haiku, a traditional Japanese poetic form. Users can get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by uploading it to SlideShare. The document encourages the reader to try making a Haiku Deck presentation themselves.
This document summarizes an interview with Mahendra Nakarani, a drug inspector with 8 years of experience in Bhavnagar. Some key points from the interview:
- He sees both external success (awards, promotions) and inner success (overcoming challenges, self-confidence) as important.
- He views challenges as opportunities and finds job satisfaction both externally and internally.
- With his juniors and seniors, he aims to create a friendly environment, provide guidance and training, and communicate respectfully to resolve any issues.
- His goals are to contribute to the organization's growth by ensuring quality products and services, and to take on a management role in the long term.
Ses oliveres Bendinat - Bank Property - MallorcaMallorca Golf
BENDINAT – SES OLIVERES PENTHOUSE
LOCATION
Bendinat Ses Oliveres is located in Bendinat on the Southwest of Mallorca, less than 10 min. drive to Palma. The Old Bendinat is the most exclusive area of Bendinat where wealthy people of Palma use to have their summer house.
Bendinat Ses Oliveres is located just entering Bendinat in front of the Linder Hotel and is sourrouded by the Bendinat Golf Course, next to Ses Oliveres you have a shopping center with some coffe shops, boutiques, Fitness Center, Supermarket, among other. The nicest beaches from Illetas are just a few minutes from Ses Oliveres as well as the exclusive Anchorage Club. International Schools are very near, just as the Portal Nouse village and the famous Harbour of Puerto Portals where you can find a wide variety of restaurants, cafes, boutiques almost all of them overlooking the luxury yacht.
DESCRIPTION
Bendinat Ses Oliveres Penthouse is located in Bendinat. The Penthouse is facing to the south and have views over the Golf Bendinat to the sprawling pool complex and a wooded hillside.
This Luxury Penhouse in Bendinat Ses Oliveres complex in Bendinat is a Bank property which need of a small renovation of around € 20.000.- It has a constructed area of 132 sqm a covered balcony of 12 sqm and a open terrace of 50 sqm with amazing views and a barbeque area.
Once you have enter the penthouse you will have on your left handside an Open Kitchen to the dining and living room area; on the right handside you have a laudry area. The living room and dining room are very bright with a lot of sun that comes in, followed comes the covered balcony that leads you up to the 50 sqm open terrace and amazing views to the Golf Course.
On the left handside of the living room area you can find the 2 bedrooms both very bright and with views to the golf course. On of them have ensuite bathroom and the other have a separte bathroom.
This fabulous complex includes 3 pools, the largest one is of 1000sqm, direct access to the row of shops with exclusive restaurants in Bendinat, Centro Comercial Eroski Center, fitness center. Residents appreciate the location as withing a few minutes you have 3 international schools
Secondhand smoke, also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), contains over 4,000 chemicals and exposes nonsmokers to health risks. ETS is composed of mainstream smoke exhaled by smokers and sidestream smoke from the burning end of cigarettes. Exposure to ETS can cause various health issues for adults like eye irritation and respiratory problems, as well as increased risk of cancer and heart disease. For children, ETS raises risks of ear infections, respiratory illnesses, and smoking uptake later in life. The document recommends reducing ETS exposure through individual actions and public policies that restrict smoking in public places.
The document discusses strategies for avoiding tobacco use and quitting tobacco. It notes that fewer teens are starting to use tobacco due to factors like tobacco legislation, no-smoking policies, family values, and awareness of health risks. The benefits of living tobacco-free are also outlined, including better physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being. Strategies are provided for avoiding tobacco use and getting help to quit, such as surrounding oneself with positive influences, preparing for nicotine withdrawal, and accessing cessation programs.
The document outlines the key steps and ingredients in the beer manufacturing process. It discusses the types of barley and malt used, including two-row and six-row barley and floor and kiln malting. It also covers hops, including varieties on vines and processed forms like pellets and dried hops. Yeast and fermentation are mentioned as well as starch adjuncts and brew kettles. The document provides an overview of the beer production process from barley and malt to hops and yeast before brewing.
12 15-14 december investor presentation finalAES_BigSky
The document discusses AES Corporation's forward-looking statements and contains assumptions about future performance. It provides an executive summary of AES' strategy to decrease costs, reduce complexity, leverage existing platforms, and bring in partners. AES has a diversified portfolio of generation and utilities assets, with 80% under long-term contracts. The company is executing projects that yield returns over 15% and developing new capacity. It has invested cash in shareholder returns, debt paydown, and growth projects.
La ciudad de Carcaixent tiene su origen en una alquería musulmana. Durante la Edad Moderna, se produjo un gran crecimiento económico y demográfico debido al cultivo de la morera y la seda, así como la introducción del naranjo a finales del siglo XVIII que revolucionó la agricultura local. En el siglo XIX, la naranja empezó a exportarse a gran escala, lo que impulsó aún más la economía de Carcaixent.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts in Java. It discusses socket programming, client-server models, Internet addressing using IPv4 and IPv6, common network ports, proxy servers, and the core Java networking classes like InetAddress and URLConnection that support network communication. The document serves as an introduction to networking basics and how Java implements network functionality through its java.net package.
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Here are the key differences between flow control and congestion control:
Flow control is used at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to regulate the amount of data
transferred between two endpoints (e.g. between a computer and a router) so that the receiving
endpoint is not overwhelmed. It ensures reliable delivery of frames by using mechanisms like
windowing and acknowledgments.
Congestion control is used at the transport layer (layer 4) of the OSI model to regulate the amount
of data entering the network to avoid overloading intermediate network nodes and links. It ensures
reliable delivery of packets by adjusting the transmission rate when congestion is detected through
packet loss or queue build-up
This document discusses layered network models, specifically the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It provides an overview of each layer in both models and their functions. The key points are:
- The OSI model defines 7 layers that break communication into smaller parts to simplify the process and allow different hardware/software to work together.
- The TCP/IP model has 4 layers - application, transport, internet, and network access. It is used widely on the internet.
- Each layer adds header information to data as it moves down the stack. This encapsulation allows communication between layers and across networks.
This document provides information about network programming and socket programming. It begins with an introduction to the client-server model and TCP connections. TCP connections provide reliable, connection-oriented communication with flow and congestion control. The document then discusses byte ordering issues that can occur when transferring multi-byte data types between systems with different architectures. It also covers IP addresses and port numbers, which are used to route and multiplex network traffic. Address structures and conversion functions are described to handle byte ordering when transferring addresses between networks.
This document contains information about network programming laboratory experiments at the Global Institute of Technology. It includes the syllabus, list of experiments, course objectives, and content beyond the syllabus. The key experiments covered are:
1. Studying different network topologies, LAN equipment, and configurations
2. Writing client and server programs in C using TCP and UDP for tasks like echoing messages and estimating round trip time
3. Simulating routing algorithms like Bellman-Ford in NS2 networking simulation software
The objectives are for students to learn network programming concepts like the OSI model, TCP/IP, and socket programming to implement client-server applications over TCP and UDP.
This document provides information about network programming laboratory experiments at the Global Institute of Technology. It includes:
1. An index listing the syllabus, list of experiments, course objectives and outcomes, additional content, and experiments.
2. The syllabus lists 10 experiments covering topics like network topologies, TCP/IP programming, routing algorithms, and protocols.
3. The list of experiments provides more details on 13 experiments to be performed, covering network devices, client-server programming, chat servers, and simulation of protocols.
The document discusses interprocess communication in distributed systems. It introduces four widely used communication models: remote procedure call (RPC), message-oriented middleware (MOM), stream-oriented communication, and multicast communication. RPC allows processes to call procedures located on other machines transparently. MOM supports persistent asynchronous communication through message queues.
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Power point presentation on osi model.
A good presentation cover all topics.
For any other type of ppt's or pdf's to be created on demand contact -dhawalm8@gmail.com
mob. no-7023419969
This document provides information about the Networks Laboratory course offered at Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College. It includes the syllabus, list of experiments, objectives and outcomes of the course. The course aims to teach students socket programming, simulation tools, and hands-on experience with networking protocols. Some key experiments include implementing stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols, socket programming, simulating ARP/RARP, PING and traceroute, and studying routing algorithms. The course is intended to help students use simulation tools, implement protocols, and analyze network performance and routing.
This document is a project report on computer networking prepared by Surender Singh for his summer training. It provides an introduction to networking and covers topics such as network types (LAN and WAN), network models (OSI model), networking cables, devices, IP addressing, routing, firewalls, wireless networks, and ISDN. The report defines what a computer network is, outlines the requirements and benefits of networking, and describes different network components and concepts at a high level.
Data communication involves transferring data from one device to another via a transmission medium. There are 5 basic components: a message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols. Networks allow devices to share information. Protocols establish communication rules. The OSI model provides a standardized framework for system interoperability with its 7-layer architecture separating network support and user support functions. TCP/IP is another important protocol suite used widely on the internet.
The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and compares it to the TCP/IP model. Each layer is responsible for certain functions in the communication process. The physical layer deals with physical interfaces, data link layer handles framing and addressing, network layer provides logical addressing and routing, transport layer handles segmentation and error checking, session layer manages dialog control and synchronization, presentation layer handles data formatting, and application layer supports user applications and services. The document also discusses addressing mechanisms used at each layer like physical, logical, port, and application-specific addresses.
The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and compares it to the TCP/IP model. It explains the functions of each layer, such as the physical layer dealing with transmission of raw bits and the application layer relating to user interfaces and services. It also discusses addressing in TCP/IP, including physical, logical, port, and application-specific addresses associated with different layers.
Internet basics and Cloud Computing- Manish Jhamanish jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including hardware components, protocols, transmission media, and cloud computing. It defines modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, and switches as key hardware components. It explains protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, and how protocols work by breaking data into packets and ensuring consistent transmission and reception. The document also covers OSI layers, IP addressing, domain name servers, and types of cloud computing services.
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics RequriementManish Jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including definitions of modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, switches, and leased lines. It then discusses hardware/software requirements, protocols, transmission media, and email in networking. It provides descriptions of common protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, frame relay, ATM, and sonet. It also discusses functions of protocols, how protocols work at sending and receiving computers, and differences between TCP and IP.
The document discusses network reference models and the OSI and TCP/IP models. It provides details on each layer of the OSI model and its functions. The key points are that reference models divide network communication into simpler components, provide standardization, and prevent changes in one layer from affecting others. The OSI model has 7 layers and separates network functions into upper layers for applications and lower layers for data transmission. The TCP/IP model is based on widely used TCP and IP protocols.
A computer network connects devices that can communicate using common standards. Devices exchange resources and services by communicating. Networks expand by connecting devices like switches or hubs, which serve as central points for computers to connect to. The OSI model describes network functions in 7 layers, while the TCP/IP model has 4 layers. Encapsulation is the process of adding headers and trailers to data as it passes through layers. Frames, packets, and segments refer to encapsulated data at different layers. Ethernet defines physical and data link standards, using MAC addresses to deliver frames. IP addresses identify devices, while private addresses are non-routable. Switches inspect traffic and make forwarding decisions for each port, unlike hubs which broadcast to all
The transport layer provides end-to-end communication between processes on different machines. Two main transport protocols are TCP and UDP. TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented data transmission using acknowledgments and retransmissions. UDP provides simpler, connectionless transmission but without reliability. Both protocols use port numbers to identify processes and negotiate quality of service options during connection establishment.
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Q. 1. Draw the diagram of TCP/IP protocol suit. Explain networkinterface layer and Internet layer.
Answer:Understanding the intricacies of how computers interact is an important part of networking and
is of equal interest to a sysadmin as well as to a developer. In this article, we will make an attempt to
discuss the concept of communication from the very basic fundamental level that needs to be
understood by everybody.
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
Communications between computers on a network is done through protocol suits. The most widely
used and most widely available protocol suite is TCP/IP protocol suite. A protocol suit consists of a
layered architecture where each layer depicts some func
Q. 2. What do you mean by frame relay? Describe the frame relayframe format with diagram.
2. Answer: Frame relay began as a stripped-down version of the X.25 protocol, releasing itself from the
error-correcting burden most commonly associated with X.25. When frame relay detects an error, it
simply drops the offending packet. Frame relay uses the concept of shared access and relies on a
technique referred to as "best-effort", whereby error-correction practically does not exist and practically
no guarantee of reliable data delivery occurs. Frame relay provides an industry-standard encapsulation,
utilizing the strengths of high-speed, packet-switched technology able to service multiple virtual circuits
and protocols between connected devices, such as two router
Q. 3. Define ports and explain the two types of ports.
Answer:A parallel port is an interface allowing a personal computer (PC) to transmit or receive data
down multiple bundled cables to a peripheral device such as a printer. The most common parallel port is
a printer port known as the Centronics port. A parallel port has multiple connectors and in theory allows
data to be sent simultaneously down several cables at once. Later versions allow bi-directional
communications. This technology is still used today for low-data-rate communications such as dot-matrix
printing.
The standard for the bi-directional version of a para
Q. 4. What do you mean by Telnet? Describe Telnet operation.
Answer:Telnet’s overall function is to define a means by which a user or process on one machine can
access and use another machine as if it were locally connected. This makes Telnet inherently
client/server in operation, like so many other application protocols in TCP/IP. Usually, the Telnet client is
a piece of software that acts as an interface to the user, processing keystrokes and user commands and
presenting output from the remote machine. The Telnet server is a program running on a remote
computer that has been set up to allow remote sessions.
Q. 5. Define and explain Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP4).
Describe Fundamental IMAP4 Electronic Mail Models.
Answer: IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a standard protocol for accessing e-mail from your
local server. IMAP (the latest version is IMAP Version 4) is a client/server protocol in which e -mail is
received and held for you by your Internet server. You (or your e-mail client) can view just the heading
and the sender of the letter and then decide whether to download the mail. You can also create and
manipulate multiple folders or mailboxes on the server
3. Q. 6. Draw and explain SNMP message format.
Answer: The communication of management information is accomplished through the exchange of
SNMP messages that contain protocol data units (PDUs). Like the messages of most TCP/IP protocols,
these PDUs are designed to use a particular field format, and are created, addressed and transported
according to specific protocol rules. SNMP messages include fields that control the operation of the
protocol, and carry a “payload” of management information in the form of Management Information
Base (MIB) objects. In this section I describe
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