The document discusses how companies like Satyam, Washington Mutual, Lehman Brothers, WorldCom, and Enron failed despite having brilliant employees and dedicated workforces. It introduces the Balanced Scorecard as a strategic measurement system that can align business activities with strategy and monitor strategic goals over time. The Balanced Scorecard uses four perspectives - financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth. It provides an example strategy map and organizational scorecard for a company to link objectives and measures across these perspectives. The process of implementing a Balanced Scorecard involves building consensus, gathering initial data, and establishing scorecards at the organizational, departmental, and employee levels.