BRICS is an international organization consisting of five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Formed in 2009, BRICS aims to enhance cooperation between these countries in multilateral forums and promote economic and political ties. The organization has led to the establishment of new institutions like the New Development Bank and Contingency Reserve Arrangement that allow BRICS nations to challenge the influence of Western financial bodies like the IMF and World Bank. With nearly half the world's population and a growing share of global GDP, BRICS represents a significant geopolitical force.

1. PRESENTED BY:-
MUHAMMAD
TAHIR

3. BRICS
The term BRICS was used for the first time in the Goldman
Sachs report 2003
BRICS is international political organization of leading
emerging economies.
BRICS became a new and promising political-diplomatic entity

4. ABOUT BRICS
 BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa.
 Basically Established on 16th June 2009
 It is the fastest growing and emerging economics
 BRICS is the international political organization of leading
emerging economies. Its five members are all developing
industrialized countries

5. Two main
Policies
coordination in multilateral fora,
with a focus on economic and
political governance
cooperation between members

6. From ‘BRICs’ to
‘BRICS’
 The BRIC became a mechanism through which the
countries can exchange opinions, seek convergence,
identify areas of cooperation and influence the
international agenda.
 Officially it was admitted as a BRIC nation on 24
December 2010
 With the entrance of South Africa, at the 3rd BRICS
Summit, in April 2011, the BRIC became BRICS,
with capital "S".
6

7. BRICS:
Characteristics
 BRICS represent 3 billion people or approximately 46%
of the world population & 25% of the world’s land
coverage
 Five Nations GDP of US 16.039 trillion, approximately
20% of the gross world product & US$4 trillion reserves
 China and India-Suppliers of manufactured goods and
services
 Brazil, Russia, South Africa- Suppliers of Raw Materials
 Challenges Related To Economic And Social Integration
 Desire To Make The International Order More
Representative
 Possibility Of Cooperation In Many Areas

8. OBJECTIVE OF
BRICS
 To achieve regional development
 The BRICS advocating reform of the UN Security Council
 The BRICS group acts as a bridge between developed and under developing
countries
 Developing countries will be able to leverage through NDB and the CRA
 To Challenge Western financial institutions like the International Monetary
Fund and the World Bank
 Economic development

9. ABOUT THE
BRICS
NATIONS
IMF: World Economic
Outlook

10. BRAZIL
KEY ADVANTAGES :
 One of the fastest growing economies in the last Decades
 Brazilian economy becoming less dependent on imports
 Extremely rich in resources such as coffee, sugarcane, crude
oil and iron etc.
 Focus on equitable development has resulted in significant
poverty reduction.
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE:
 Overburdened and ineffective judicial system.
 Industrial output is weak

11. RUSSIA
KEY ADVANTAGES:
 Russia has capability in high-technology sectors
 Accounts for around 20% of the world’s oil and gas reserves
CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE
 Labour shortages and poorly developed infrastructure
 Corruption

12. INDIA
KEY ADVANTAGES
 1.15 billion people
 2nd largest labour force
 Approximately 2.5 million college graduates per year
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
 Improving basic educational achievement
 Improving infrastructure and electrical capacity
 Expanding technology industry

13. CHINA
KEY ADVANTAGES
 Broad expansion of educational achievement
 Rapid economic growth
 3rd largest country in land size
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
 support to rural areas and less-developed regions
 Bank of China sees inflation as a bigger risk
 Need to improve the investment

14. SOUTH AFRICA
KEY ADVANTAGE
 The South African economy is now the 23rd largest in the world
 Inflation is now below 5% and falling.
 25% of goods produced in South Africa for export
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE:
 The economy is growing but not fast enough
 Lack of skills, particularly in IT.
 48% of the population is living below the poverty line

15. BRICS Summit History
 1. Yekaterinburg in Russia Summit (2009)
BRIC nations announced the need for a new global reserve currency
 2. Brasilia in Brazil Summit (2010)
Consensus on Reform of financial institutions
 3. Sanya China Summit (2011)
Economics, anti-terror law under UN auspices, United Nations Security Council reform
 4. New Delhi in India summit (2012)
BRICS development bank proposal by India
 5. Durban in South Africa Summit (2013)
Negotiations for setting up the bank
 6. Fortaleza in Brazil Summit (2014)
Creation of two NDB with 50$ Billion & CRA with 100$ Billion
 7. Ufa in Russia Summit (2015)
Inaugural meetings of the NDB & and open up membership to non-BRICS
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16. New Development Bank
 Formed on July 2014 and came into force in July 2015.
Earlier known as “BRICS Development Bank”.
 Headquartere in Shanghai
 Unlike the world bank which assigns vote based on capital share,
In the NDB each participant country will be assigned one vote
 1st president from India & Chairman of Board of Directors from
Brazil and Chairman of Board of Governors from Russia
 NDB is source of rising strength of BRICS & against the
domination of western countries through WORLD BANK & IMF

17. FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
 50$ billion (10$ billion from each country) as initial capital, this capital
base to be used for financial infrastructure & sustainable development
projects.
 100$ billion Contingency Reserve Arrangement(CRA) for liquidity
protection of brics countries during Balance of payment problem
(BOP). ( 41% china, 18% india,Russia,brazil and 5% south Africa).
 At the time of expansion the 55% share of the bank will be held by
BRICS countries only.
 Developing or less developing countries can also apply for financial
assistance.
 The Bank shall support public or private projects through
loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial
instruments. It shall also cooperate with international
organizations and other financial entities

18. NDB and IMF
 1.IMF and World Bank are dominated by U.S and western countries
2. IMF and world bank follows different voting power based on
quota system. Though China is second largest economy after U.S it
has fewer voting rights in NDB.
3. The financial institution created by BRICS will reduce the
importance of US dollar as a global currency and eventually it will
increase importance of Yuan
4. IMF cash assistance program is conditional. If a country's
foreign policy clashes with US then it will be difficult to obtain a
loan.

19. TARGET SECTORS
FOR BRICS TRADE
 Manufacturing, services and agriculture
 Energy, infrastructure, mining beneficiation and
healthcare
 Construction and water provision
 The green economy and tourism

21. Although U.S is greatest economy now but BRICS is ready
to challenge the US and west economy and hegemony.
BRICS nations have the potential and resources to form a
powerful economy with greater opportunity’s than any other
nation.
A stronger BRICS can also have more influence in other
multilateral forums such as the WTO world bank etc.
In short, powerful BRICS will cause the world taking
towards multilateral system where balance of power will be
enough good for world peace.
CONCLUSION

22. THANK YOU