Outline:
1. The current global context
2. Latin America in a multi-polar world
3.PPP’s for a new regional era
4. Types of PPP’s
5. Latin America between two models
6. Colombia Current Challenges
Colombia and Latin America - The next geopolitical challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
This document discusses trends that will shape Latin America and the global future over the next 20 years. It outlines four main trends: the expansion of the global middle class; the rise of emerging powers like China and India; how demographics will impact development; and increasing pressure on natural resources. It then analyzes Latin America's position in a multi-polar world, noting the divergence between countries following democratic-center models versus ALBA alliance models. Finally, it provides an outlook for 2013, predicting growth will pick up across most of Latin America led by Brazil, with the exception of Mexico due to its political transition and Argentina due to rising uncertainty.
This document discusses trends that will shape the global future, Latin America's position in a multi-polar world, and challenges facing Latin American cities. The key trends include the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China, changing demographics, and increasing demand for natural resources. Latin America has experienced economic growth and reduced poverty, but some countries face challenges like violence, transportation issues, business climate concerns, and environmental quality. The document analyzes these topics to provide context and insights into Latin America's development.
The Global context, emerging markets and risk mitigation - Colombia and Latin...Alvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses trends that will shape the global future over the next 20 years, including the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China and India, global demographic changes, and increasing demand for natural resources. It then focuses on Latin America, noting the region's growing population and GDP, reduction in poverty, and abundant commodity resources. Finally, it provides an outlook for 2013, predicting modest growth for countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, with Brazil being the main driver of growth in Latin America.
1. The document discusses how policies can dramatically impact the development of emerging markets, using Latin America as a case study.
2. It outlines two main policy paths in Latin America - the ALBA model of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Cuba, which is anti-US, anti-free trade and lacks investment confidence; and the modern democratic center countries that cooperate with the US, support free trade and have greater political stability.
3. The democratic center countries leading investment and growth are Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru. The document analyzes some of the main policy challenges still facing countries in the region like improving education and social programs in Peru, and restoring fiscal credibility in Argentina
Private initiative and financial inclusion - Latin America between two modelsAlvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses the evolution of Latin America between 1980-2012 and the current context of emerging markets. It outlines two main policy paths in Latin America - the ALBA model of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Cuba which is anti-US, anti-free trade and lacks investment confidence, and the democratic center countries like Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Chile that cooperate with the US, support free trade and have stronger institutions and political stability. It then focuses on lessons from Colombia's experience where a decade ago it had high violence and low growth, but implemented policies like confidence, communitary state policies, and support for private initiative and financial inclusion to transform its economy and society.
Colombia and latin america - The next challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
This document discusses trends that will shape Latin America's future and analyzes the economic outlook for the region in 2013. Some key trends include the rise of the global middle class, emerging powers like China surpassing Western economies, increasing pressure on natural resources, and changing demographics. The document contrasts the more successful socio-economic models of countries like Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico that embrace liberal democracy, free trade, and investment versus the weaker ALBA bloc model of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia. It concludes by predicting GDP growth rates for countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile in 2013, with Brazil expected to be the main driver of growth in the region.
Latin America an the Carabbean past and futureAlvaro Uribe V.
Latin America has experienced significant economic growth and transformation since 1980, with emerging markets accounting for a growing share of global GDP. While countries like Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Peru have adopted policies promoting investment, trade, fiscal responsibility and strong institutions, other countries in the region like Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia have weaker institutions, less political stability and pursue more interventionist policies, risking long-term development. Maintaining policies that ensure democratic governance, economic openness, and sustainable social programs will be key for Latin American countries to continue their participation in the emerging markets boom.
This document discusses economic and political trends in Latin America from 1980 to 2012. It notes that Latin America has experienced significant growth and transformation during this period, with emerging economies now accounting for a larger share of global GDP. However, it also identifies two main policy paths in the region - the ALBA countries led by Venezuela that have weaker institutions and investment confidence, and the modern democratic center countries that have pursued cooperation, free trade, and fiscal prudence. The document argues the center countries will be better positioned to participate in the emerging markets boom due to their stronger policies and institutions. It also outlines some remaining challenges faced by countries like Peru, Argentina, and the region as a whole.
Colombia and Latin America - The next geopolitical challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
This document discusses trends that will shape Latin America and the global future over the next 20 years. It outlines four main trends: the expansion of the global middle class; the rise of emerging powers like China and India; how demographics will impact development; and increasing pressure on natural resources. It then analyzes Latin America's position in a multi-polar world, noting the divergence between countries following democratic-center models versus ALBA alliance models. Finally, it provides an outlook for 2013, predicting growth will pick up across most of Latin America led by Brazil, with the exception of Mexico due to its political transition and Argentina due to rising uncertainty.
This document discusses trends that will shape the global future, Latin America's position in a multi-polar world, and challenges facing Latin American cities. The key trends include the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China, changing demographics, and increasing demand for natural resources. Latin America has experienced economic growth and reduced poverty, but some countries face challenges like violence, transportation issues, business climate concerns, and environmental quality. The document analyzes these topics to provide context and insights into Latin America's development.
The Global context, emerging markets and risk mitigation - Colombia and Latin...Alvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses trends that will shape the global future over the next 20 years, including the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China and India, global demographic changes, and increasing demand for natural resources. It then focuses on Latin America, noting the region's growing population and GDP, reduction in poverty, and abundant commodity resources. Finally, it provides an outlook for 2013, predicting modest growth for countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, with Brazil being the main driver of growth in Latin America.
1. The document discusses how policies can dramatically impact the development of emerging markets, using Latin America as a case study.
2. It outlines two main policy paths in Latin America - the ALBA model of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Cuba, which is anti-US, anti-free trade and lacks investment confidence; and the modern democratic center countries that cooperate with the US, support free trade and have greater political stability.
3. The democratic center countries leading investment and growth are Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru. The document analyzes some of the main policy challenges still facing countries in the region like improving education and social programs in Peru, and restoring fiscal credibility in Argentina
Private initiative and financial inclusion - Latin America between two modelsAlvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses the evolution of Latin America between 1980-2012 and the current context of emerging markets. It outlines two main policy paths in Latin America - the ALBA model of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Cuba which is anti-US, anti-free trade and lacks investment confidence, and the democratic center countries like Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Chile that cooperate with the US, support free trade and have stronger institutions and political stability. It then focuses on lessons from Colombia's experience where a decade ago it had high violence and low growth, but implemented policies like confidence, communitary state policies, and support for private initiative and financial inclusion to transform its economy and society.
Colombia and latin america - The next challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
This document discusses trends that will shape Latin America's future and analyzes the economic outlook for the region in 2013. Some key trends include the rise of the global middle class, emerging powers like China surpassing Western economies, increasing pressure on natural resources, and changing demographics. The document contrasts the more successful socio-economic models of countries like Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico that embrace liberal democracy, free trade, and investment versus the weaker ALBA bloc model of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia. It concludes by predicting GDP growth rates for countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile in 2013, with Brazil expected to be the main driver of growth in the region.
Latin America an the Carabbean past and futureAlvaro Uribe V.
Latin America has experienced significant economic growth and transformation since 1980, with emerging markets accounting for a growing share of global GDP. While countries like Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Peru have adopted policies promoting investment, trade, fiscal responsibility and strong institutions, other countries in the region like Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia have weaker institutions, less political stability and pursue more interventionist policies, risking long-term development. Maintaining policies that ensure democratic governance, economic openness, and sustainable social programs will be key for Latin American countries to continue their participation in the emerging markets boom.
This document discusses economic and political trends in Latin America from 1980 to 2012. It notes that Latin America has experienced significant growth and transformation during this period, with emerging economies now accounting for a larger share of global GDP. However, it also identifies two main policy paths in the region - the ALBA countries led by Venezuela that have weaker institutions and investment confidence, and the modern democratic center countries that have pursued cooperation, free trade, and fiscal prudence. The document argues the center countries will be better positioned to participate in the emerging markets boom due to their stronger policies and institutions. It also outlines some remaining challenges faced by countries like Peru, Argentina, and the region as a whole.
This document discusses economic and political trends in Latin America from 1980 to 2012. It notes that emerging markets have become engines of global growth, with Latin America experiencing rapid economic growth and democratic expansion over this period. However, it also identifies two different policy paths in the region - the modern democratic center countries that have pursued pro-investment, pro-trade policies, and the ALBA countries that have adopted more anti-US, ideology-driven approaches. The document argues the democratic center countries, led by Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Mexico, will be better positioned to capitalize on emerging market opportunities due to their stronger institutions, investment confidence, and social policies.
Trinidad y tobago energy chamber presentaciónAlvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses trends that will shape the global future over the next 20 years such as the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China and India, demographic changes, and increasing pressure on natural resources. It then focuses on Latin America, describing its growing population and middle class, commodity resources, and policy changes that have driven poverty reduction and economic growth in much of the region. Finally, it provides the 2013 economic outlook for several Latin American countries, forecasting GDP growth rates between 1.5-5.8% with inflation remaining stable in most countries.
Colombia and latin america - The next challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
This document discusses trends that will shape the future of Latin America and Colombia. It identifies 4 key trends to 2030: the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China, demography influencing development, and increasing pressure on natural resources. It then outlines Latin America's population trends, reduction in poverty, and commodity resources. Two socioeconomic models in the region are described as having different outcomes. The 2013 economic outlook forecasts moderate growth for most countries. Colombia's turnaround from instability to stability over the past decade using a comprehensive policy framework is also summarized.
This document summarizes the evolution of Latin America from 1980 to 2012 and discusses regional economic outlook and policy challenges. Key points include:
1) Latin America has experienced rapid growth and transformation over the last three decades, reducing poverty and debt. However, challenges remain around building strong democracies, economic development, social gaps, and environmental sustainability.
2) The region can be characterized as having two policy paths - the ALBA group pursues anti-US, anti-trade policies while the democratic center pursues cooperation, trade, and long-term development.
3) After slowing in 2011-2012, the regional economy is expected to recover in 2013, led by Brazil, though challenges remain around strengthening
The Global Economy, Emerging Markets and Geopolitical Risk: Where We Are and ...Alvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses the emerging markets revolution and its implications. It notes that emerging economies now account for close to half of global GDP, up from 33% in 1980. By 2050, 19 of the top 30 economies will be emerging countries. The growth of emerging markets is driving increased global demand for resources. Latin America is well-positioned due to its natural resources and population, though it faces challenges in maintaining economic growth, reducing inequality, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Colombia in particular has transformed through strengthening democracy, fiscal prudence, and private sector development.
Colombia and latin america - The next challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses Colombia's progress over the past decade and challenges ahead. It summarizes that Colombia has transitioned from a fragile state plagued by violence and poverty to a stable democracy and growing economy through policies promoting security, investment, and social cohesion. Key results include significantly reduced homicide and kidnapping rates as well as increased economic growth, exports, social services, and living standards. However, challenges remain regarding security, the economy, social issues, and regional risks like crime and environmental threats. The future looks promising if countries continue strengthening democratic institutions, economic growth, social development, and addressing risks.
This document summarizes Alvaro Uribe Velez's keynote address on political trends in Latin America to the JP Morgan Latin American Advisory Council. It finds the region divided between more democratic center-left countries that cooperate with the US and pursue free trade (led by Brazil, Colombia, Mexico), and more radical leftist ALBA countries (led by Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia) that are anti-US, weak on institutions, and ideology-driven. It discusses Brazil's role in the region politically and economically, China's growing influence through trade, and how Latin America is managing its relationship with China given increased economic ties.
FInance For Development : Final Projectmuktadirmahin
In this Power Point Presentation I have tried to give an idea about the Sustainable Development Of Goals and the impact of the International Official finance on developing countries ; Importance of PPP for the future developments and about the Climate change. All information has been taken from WBI MOOC resources. Thank you.
Considered both the future of society, the future of the people, the way of the future of education in a multi-stakeholder, the activities of the order to continue to create "Future Education Consortium" is, in fiscal 2015, such as consumers and companies · NPO / NGO · Students through the co-creation projects by various participants "21 Century Future Enterprise Project", we derive the "social and companies of the future scenario of 2030".
http://miraikk.jp/cat-03/2882
Global economic issues are shaped by increasing globalization and interdependence among nations. There have been three major waves of globalization since 1870. The current wave began in the 1980s and is driven by developing countries like China and India entering global markets and attracting foreign investment. It has connected national economies more closely through rising trade, investment, and financial flows. However, some developing countries have become marginalized and have not benefited from these economic linkages.
Costa Rica has made progress towards achieving sustainable development goals but still faces challenges. It was the first country to sign a pact supporting the UN's sustainable development goals. However, poverty remains an issue, especially in rural areas, and inequality is growing. While education access is high, quality differs between urban and rural areas. Costa Rica generates most of its electricity from renewable sources and has reversed deforestation, but economic growth has slowed in recent years. Overall, the document discusses Costa Rica's efforts towards sustainability and areas like infrastructure, research investment, and crime that require further improvement.
This document discusses various theories and models of development economics, including:
1. Linear stages theory/Rostow's stages of growth model which views development as a linear process through stages.
2. Structural change theories which focus on how economies transform structurally through industrialization and changes in economic structure.
3. Dependency theories which argue that underdevelopment is caused by the dominance of wealthy countries over poor countries in the international system.
4. Dualism theories which recognize that developing economies have both traditional and modern sectors coexisting.
5. Neoclassical theories emerged in response and argue for minimizing government intervention and relying on free markets.
The document provides an overview of the
1. The document discusses the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China), which were grouped based on their large, fast-growing economies.
2. It is projected that by 2050, the BRIC nations will account for over 40% of the world's population and 60% of global GDP, surpassing developed economies.
3. The BRIC nations face both opportunities and challenges in continuing their economic growth, improving living standards, and increasing their influence in global politics and international organizations.
This document discusses global trade and financial flows. It covers changes in the size, pattern and direction of trade; foreign exchange markets; the impact of trade and financial flows on economies; free trade versus protectionism; and contemporary trading blocs and agreements. Key points include that global trade has increased and its composition has shifted towards manufactured goods and emerging economies. Foreign exchange markets facilitate international trade and investment but can destabilize economies if overspeculated. Trade shifts resources between industries within economies over time.
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)ed gbargaye
The document discusses the MINT countries - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey - which were identified by economist Jim O'Neill as emerging economic powers with strong growth potential similar to the earlier identified BRIC countries. It provides background on each MINT country, including population size, current GDP figures, growth projections, and key industries. Mexico is projected to have one of the highest GDP per capita by 2050. Indonesia is expected to have the 7th largest GDP by 2050 based on its large population and growing economy. Nigeria has a rapidly growing economy and manufacturing sector and aims to be one of the top 20 global economies by 2020. Turkey has experienced strong construction-led growth and has a large domestic market.
This document discusses the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and their growing economic influence. It notes that by 2050, the BRIC countries are expected to account for over 40% of the world's population and 60% of global GDP. Together, the BRIC nations already account for 40% of the world's population, 25.9% of the world's land area, and 40% of global GDP. The document outlines key economic and demographic statistics for each BRIC country and discusses their future challenges and opportunities to continue growing as economic powers.
03 growth and the less-developed countriesNepDevWiki
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to economic growth and development in less developed countries. It defines important terms like GDP per capita, industrially advanced countries, and less developed countries. It also discusses factors that influence economic growth like natural resources, investment, and political stability. Additionally, it examines challenges faced by less developed countries like the vicious cycle of poverty and how foreign aid and loans can help countries invest and develop their economies.
The least developed countries and Sustainable Development Goalsموحد مسعود
LDCs and Rural Transformation: from MDGs to SDGs
Agricultural productivity, Development of non-farm activities
The Gender Dimension, Transforming Rural Economies in the Post-2015 Era: A Policy Agenda
Global Growth Opportunities To 2030 Mark BeliczkyMark Beliczky
The document summarizes a presentation given by Mark Beliczky on global growth opportunities between 2008 and 2030. Some of the key points discussed include:
- Globalization will continue expanding and more non-Western nations like China and India will drive growth.
- The global population and middle class will increase significantly, fueling a boom in global consumption.
- China's economy will surpass the US to become the largest in the world and India will see very strong growth as well.
- However, poverty and income inequality are expected to rise substantially in parts of Africa and the developing world.
Eaquals Training for Excellence: Adjusting to global changes - effects at loc...eaquals
This document discusses how demographic and social changes, as well as other megatrends like rapid urbanization and technological breakthroughs, are disrupting businesses globally and locally. It provides nine facts about each of these megatrends, showing how populations are growing and aging differently around the world. This is reshaping consumer markets and requiring governments and companies to adapt their policies and business models. Technological innovations in particular are transforming industries and blurring sector boundaries through new digital platforms and business models. Understanding these trends is crucial for organizations to engage customers and remain relevant in a fast-changing world.
This document discusses economic and political trends in Latin America from 1980 to 2012. It notes that emerging markets have become engines of global growth, with Latin America experiencing rapid economic growth and democratic expansion over this period. However, it also identifies two different policy paths in the region - the modern democratic center countries that have pursued pro-investment, pro-trade policies, and the ALBA countries that have adopted more anti-US, ideology-driven approaches. The document argues the democratic center countries, led by Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Mexico, will be better positioned to capitalize on emerging market opportunities due to their stronger institutions, investment confidence, and social policies.
Trinidad y tobago energy chamber presentaciónAlvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses trends that will shape the global future over the next 20 years such as the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China and India, demographic changes, and increasing pressure on natural resources. It then focuses on Latin America, describing its growing population and middle class, commodity resources, and policy changes that have driven poverty reduction and economic growth in much of the region. Finally, it provides the 2013 economic outlook for several Latin American countries, forecasting GDP growth rates between 1.5-5.8% with inflation remaining stable in most countries.
Colombia and latin america - The next challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
This document discusses trends that will shape the future of Latin America and Colombia. It identifies 4 key trends to 2030: the expansion of the global middle class, the rise of emerging powers like China, demography influencing development, and increasing pressure on natural resources. It then outlines Latin America's population trends, reduction in poverty, and commodity resources. Two socioeconomic models in the region are described as having different outcomes. The 2013 economic outlook forecasts moderate growth for most countries. Colombia's turnaround from instability to stability over the past decade using a comprehensive policy framework is also summarized.
This document summarizes the evolution of Latin America from 1980 to 2012 and discusses regional economic outlook and policy challenges. Key points include:
1) Latin America has experienced rapid growth and transformation over the last three decades, reducing poverty and debt. However, challenges remain around building strong democracies, economic development, social gaps, and environmental sustainability.
2) The region can be characterized as having two policy paths - the ALBA group pursues anti-US, anti-trade policies while the democratic center pursues cooperation, trade, and long-term development.
3) After slowing in 2011-2012, the regional economy is expected to recover in 2013, led by Brazil, though challenges remain around strengthening
The Global Economy, Emerging Markets and Geopolitical Risk: Where We Are and ...Alvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses the emerging markets revolution and its implications. It notes that emerging economies now account for close to half of global GDP, up from 33% in 1980. By 2050, 19 of the top 30 economies will be emerging countries. The growth of emerging markets is driving increased global demand for resources. Latin America is well-positioned due to its natural resources and population, though it faces challenges in maintaining economic growth, reducing inequality, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Colombia in particular has transformed through strengthening democracy, fiscal prudence, and private sector development.
Colombia and latin america - The next challengesAlvaro Uribe V.
The document discusses Colombia's progress over the past decade and challenges ahead. It summarizes that Colombia has transitioned from a fragile state plagued by violence and poverty to a stable democracy and growing economy through policies promoting security, investment, and social cohesion. Key results include significantly reduced homicide and kidnapping rates as well as increased economic growth, exports, social services, and living standards. However, challenges remain regarding security, the economy, social issues, and regional risks like crime and environmental threats. The future looks promising if countries continue strengthening democratic institutions, economic growth, social development, and addressing risks.
This document summarizes Alvaro Uribe Velez's keynote address on political trends in Latin America to the JP Morgan Latin American Advisory Council. It finds the region divided between more democratic center-left countries that cooperate with the US and pursue free trade (led by Brazil, Colombia, Mexico), and more radical leftist ALBA countries (led by Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia) that are anti-US, weak on institutions, and ideology-driven. It discusses Brazil's role in the region politically and economically, China's growing influence through trade, and how Latin America is managing its relationship with China given increased economic ties.
FInance For Development : Final Projectmuktadirmahin
In this Power Point Presentation I have tried to give an idea about the Sustainable Development Of Goals and the impact of the International Official finance on developing countries ; Importance of PPP for the future developments and about the Climate change. All information has been taken from WBI MOOC resources. Thank you.
Considered both the future of society, the future of the people, the way of the future of education in a multi-stakeholder, the activities of the order to continue to create "Future Education Consortium" is, in fiscal 2015, such as consumers and companies · NPO / NGO · Students through the co-creation projects by various participants "21 Century Future Enterprise Project", we derive the "social and companies of the future scenario of 2030".
http://miraikk.jp/cat-03/2882
Global economic issues are shaped by increasing globalization and interdependence among nations. There have been three major waves of globalization since 1870. The current wave began in the 1980s and is driven by developing countries like China and India entering global markets and attracting foreign investment. It has connected national economies more closely through rising trade, investment, and financial flows. However, some developing countries have become marginalized and have not benefited from these economic linkages.
Costa Rica has made progress towards achieving sustainable development goals but still faces challenges. It was the first country to sign a pact supporting the UN's sustainable development goals. However, poverty remains an issue, especially in rural areas, and inequality is growing. While education access is high, quality differs between urban and rural areas. Costa Rica generates most of its electricity from renewable sources and has reversed deforestation, but economic growth has slowed in recent years. Overall, the document discusses Costa Rica's efforts towards sustainability and areas like infrastructure, research investment, and crime that require further improvement.
This document discusses various theories and models of development economics, including:
1. Linear stages theory/Rostow's stages of growth model which views development as a linear process through stages.
2. Structural change theories which focus on how economies transform structurally through industrialization and changes in economic structure.
3. Dependency theories which argue that underdevelopment is caused by the dominance of wealthy countries over poor countries in the international system.
4. Dualism theories which recognize that developing economies have both traditional and modern sectors coexisting.
5. Neoclassical theories emerged in response and argue for minimizing government intervention and relying on free markets.
The document provides an overview of the
1. The document discusses the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China), which were grouped based on their large, fast-growing economies.
2. It is projected that by 2050, the BRIC nations will account for over 40% of the world's population and 60% of global GDP, surpassing developed economies.
3. The BRIC nations face both opportunities and challenges in continuing their economic growth, improving living standards, and increasing their influence in global politics and international organizations.
This document discusses global trade and financial flows. It covers changes in the size, pattern and direction of trade; foreign exchange markets; the impact of trade and financial flows on economies; free trade versus protectionism; and contemporary trading blocs and agreements. Key points include that global trade has increased and its composition has shifted towards manufactured goods and emerging economies. Foreign exchange markets facilitate international trade and investment but can destabilize economies if overspeculated. Trade shifts resources between industries within economies over time.
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)ed gbargaye
The document discusses the MINT countries - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey - which were identified by economist Jim O'Neill as emerging economic powers with strong growth potential similar to the earlier identified BRIC countries. It provides background on each MINT country, including population size, current GDP figures, growth projections, and key industries. Mexico is projected to have one of the highest GDP per capita by 2050. Indonesia is expected to have the 7th largest GDP by 2050 based on its large population and growing economy. Nigeria has a rapidly growing economy and manufacturing sector and aims to be one of the top 20 global economies by 2020. Turkey has experienced strong construction-led growth and has a large domestic market.
This document discusses the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and their growing economic influence. It notes that by 2050, the BRIC countries are expected to account for over 40% of the world's population and 60% of global GDP. Together, the BRIC nations already account for 40% of the world's population, 25.9% of the world's land area, and 40% of global GDP. The document outlines key economic and demographic statistics for each BRIC country and discusses their future challenges and opportunities to continue growing as economic powers.
03 growth and the less-developed countriesNepDevWiki
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to economic growth and development in less developed countries. It defines important terms like GDP per capita, industrially advanced countries, and less developed countries. It also discusses factors that influence economic growth like natural resources, investment, and political stability. Additionally, it examines challenges faced by less developed countries like the vicious cycle of poverty and how foreign aid and loans can help countries invest and develop their economies.
The least developed countries and Sustainable Development Goalsموحد مسعود
LDCs and Rural Transformation: from MDGs to SDGs
Agricultural productivity, Development of non-farm activities
The Gender Dimension, Transforming Rural Economies in the Post-2015 Era: A Policy Agenda
Global Growth Opportunities To 2030 Mark BeliczkyMark Beliczky
The document summarizes a presentation given by Mark Beliczky on global growth opportunities between 2008 and 2030. Some of the key points discussed include:
- Globalization will continue expanding and more non-Western nations like China and India will drive growth.
- The global population and middle class will increase significantly, fueling a boom in global consumption.
- China's economy will surpass the US to become the largest in the world and India will see very strong growth as well.
- However, poverty and income inequality are expected to rise substantially in parts of Africa and the developing world.
Eaquals Training for Excellence: Adjusting to global changes - effects at loc...eaquals
This document discusses how demographic and social changes, as well as other megatrends like rapid urbanization and technological breakthroughs, are disrupting businesses globally and locally. It provides nine facts about each of these megatrends, showing how populations are growing and aging differently around the world. This is reshaping consumer markets and requiring governments and companies to adapt their policies and business models. Technological innovations in particular are transforming industries and blurring sector boundaries through new digital platforms and business models. Understanding these trends is crucial for organizations to engage customers and remain relevant in a fast-changing world.
The document discusses trends, issues, and concerns regarding Philippine education. It notes that knowledge is growing rapidly and will continue to do so, meaning education must adapt. It also discusses power shifting towards knowledge-based societies. Some of the biggest issues and challenges facing Philippine education are low performance on achievement tests, a mismatch between graduate skills and job demands, and the need to upgrade education standards to achieve global competitiveness. The K-12 program and reforms to higher education aim to address these issues and better prepare students for an evolving world and economy.
The document discusses trends, issues, and concerns regarding Philippine education. It notes that knowledge is growing rapidly and will continue to do so, meaning education must adapt. It also discusses power shifting towards knowledge-based societies. Some of the biggest issues and challenges facing Philippine education are low performance on achievement tests, a mismatch between graduate skills and job demands, and the need to upgrade education standards to achieve global competitiveness. The K-12 program and reforms to higher education aim to address these issues and better prepare students for an increasingly knowledge-based world.
On Poverty: A Brief Tour on Theory & PracticeSDGsPlus
The document discusses poverty globally and in the Middle East and North Africa region. It provides statistics on the state of poverty worldwide showing a decline in extreme poverty but with Sub-Saharan Africa still facing high levels of poverty. It examines approaches to measuring poverty and discusses China's success in reducing extreme poverty through policies like increasing domestic savings, investment in industrialization, and increasing returns through scale economies. The document advocates investing in human development, promoting inclusive growth, and insuring against economic shocks as ways to reduce poverty.
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2015ITC LIMITEDFOR ALL OUR TOMORRO.docxssuserf9c51d
This document is ITC's Sustainability Report for 2015. It discusses ITC's efforts towards sustainability and creating sustainable livelihoods through various initiatives. Some key points include:
- ITC has created over 6 million sustainable livelihoods through its businesses and value chains.
- ITC is carbon positive for the 10th consecutive year, water positive for 13 years, and solid waste recycling positive for 8 years.
- ITC's social investments program covers 14 states and 71 districts, focusing on rural communities, production area communities, and partnerships with governments.
The document summarizes the key points from the book "No Ordinary Disruption" about four global forces that are dramatically changing the world economy at an unprecedented scale and speed compared to the Industrial Revolution. The four forces are 1) the shift to emerging markets and urbanization in cities, 2) accelerating technological change, 3) an aging global population, and 4) greater global connections through trade, capital, people and data flows. Together these forces are breaking long-standing trends and assumptions about how the world economy works, requiring leaders to radically reset their intuitions to prepare for continued disruption and seize new opportunities.
The document outlines eight trillion-dollar macroeconomic trends expected to drive global economic growth between now and 2020:
1. The next billion consumers - Rising incomes in emerging markets will bring over a billion new consumers into the global middle class, expanding markets.
2. Old infrastructure, new investments - Advanced economies will invest in aging infrastructure through public-private partnerships while emerging economies continue building infrastructure.
3. Militarization following industrialization - As economic power shifts to Asia, military spending and capabilities will also shift, increasing risks of conflict and opportunities for arms producers.
The document outlines eight trillion-dollar macroeconomic trends that are expected to drive global economic growth between 2010 and 2020: 1) The next billion consumers, 2) Old infrastructure, new investments, 3) Militarization following industrialization, 4) Growing output of primary inputs, 5) Developing human capital, 6) Keeping the wealthy healthy, 7) Everything the same, but nicer, 8) Prepping for the next big thing. These eight trends are estimated to increase global GDP by $27 trillion total by 2020, with the trends of developing human capital and keeping the wealthy healthy accounting for about half of the expected growth. The document also discusses some implications that businesses should consider in positioning themselves to profit from these macro
This document summarizes the current state and future outlook of the Indian economy according to various reports. It states that India recently became the 6th largest economy in the world, overtaking France, and is poised to become the 5th largest by overtaking the UK in 2019. It also notes that India has the 3rd largest consumer market and will become the 3rd largest economy by 2027. Key drivers of future growth are expected to be rising incomes, urbanization, and increased technology/internet adoption, which will help transform India into a middle-class driven consumption economy with annual consumption exceeding $6 trillion by 2030.
The document discusses the potential international consequences of the current global financial crisis across three key areas:
1) The crisis is impacting economies worldwide, with forecasts of slowing growth in most major countries and regions over the next year.
2) There are calls for international cooperation to mitigate social and economic impacts, reform financial systems, and enact green economic policies to promote sustainable recovery.
3) Long-term scenarios consider possibilities like financial regionalism, renewed efforts for multilateral reform, and the risks of fragmented protectionist responses.
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The document discusses developments in the world economy over the past 30 years. It highlights two key dynamics that have helped economic growth: 1) development of human capital and institutions, and 2) structural economic transformation through industrialization and new industries. Globalization and trade integration increased dramatically over this period, supported by advances in technology, transportation, and communication. Many developing countries experienced rapid economic growth and rising incomes. Countries like China, India, and others in East Asia helped drive global economic performance through industrialization and integration into global supply chains.
CHAPTER 5 - Global Population and Mobility-A Cultural Perspectives.pptxLanceAllera
Global cities are characterized by wealth, power, and influence over other countries. They host large capital markets and are home to wealthy multinational companies and powerful organizations linked globally. London, New York, Paris, Rome, and Tokyo are some of the most well-known global cities that provide global competitiveness. A global city also contains international organizations, law firms, stock exchanges, and headquarters that influence the world economy. Demographic changes, such as population growth and migration patterns, also impact global cities.
Global cities are characterized by wealth, power, and influence over other countries. They host large capital markets and are home to wealthy multinational companies and powerful organizations linked globally. London, New York, Paris, Rome, and Tokyo are some of the most well-known global cities that provide global competitiveness. A global city also contains international organizations, law firms, stock exchanges, and headquarters that influence the world economy. Demographic changes, such as population growth and migration patterns, also impact global cities.
The document discusses India's economic growth and development since independence. It notes that India has made progress reducing poverty and inequality, but still faces challenges in areas like employment and education. Several states have recently relaxed some labor laws to revive industry amid the pandemic, which could both help and hurt the economy and workers. As a manager, factors to consider regarding relaxed laws include prioritizing employee safety, supporting remote work, and engaging with customers and officials during the crisis.
The document discusses the BRICS alliance between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, which was formed to promote economic cooperation between these emerging economies. It outlines the history and objectives of BRICS, provides an overview of the key advantages and challenges facing each member country, and considers the future potential economic power of the BRICS nations by 2050.
Similar to Public Private Partnerships, Latin America and Colombia’s current challenges (17)
A União Europeia está enfrentando desafios sem precedentes devido à pandemia de COVID-19 e à invasão russa da Ucrânia. Isso destacou a necessidade de autonomia estratégica da UE em áreas como energia, defesa e tecnologia digital para proteger seus cidadãos e valores fundamentais. Ao mesmo tempo, a UE deve manter sua abertura e cooperação com parceiros que compartilham os mesmos princípios.
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Este documento presenta la distribución del Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP) para el año 2002 según la Ley 715 de 2001. El SGP reemplaza el antiguo sistema de transferencias a entidades territoriales definido en la Constitución de 1991 y la Ley 60 de 1993, el cual tenía problemas como fluctuaciones e inequidades. El nuevo sistema garantiza mayor estabilidad y equidad en los recursos (más de $12 billones) para financiar la inversión social en salud, educación y otros sectores.
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This document summarizes key economic and social indicators in Colombia from 2002-2013 under the administrations of Alvaro Uribe and Juan Manuel Santos. It shows that security, investment, and social policies implemented during the Uribe administration led to improved confidence, economic growth, and reductions in poverty and violence. GDP and exports increased substantially while unemployment, poverty, homicides, and kidnappings decreased significantly from 2002 levels. Colombia transitioned from a fragile state in 2002 to a stable country with strong growth and investment under the leadership and policies of Presidents Uribe and Santos.
El documento presenta una introducción a las temáticas que se abordarán, incluyendo el entorno internacional, el Medio Oriente desde una perspectiva geopolítica, e Israel en un mundo turbulento. Luego describe tendencias globales como el crecimiento de las economías emergentes y la demanda de energía y alimentos. También analiza factores geopolíticos y energéticos en el Medio Oriente, circunstancias de riesgo político, nuclear y terrorista, y el rol de Turquía en la región. Finalmente, presenta información sobre la soc
La Democracia y sus enemigos - Reflexiones sobre el Futuro de América LatinaAlvaro Uribe V.
Este documento analiza la situación actual de América Latina y el Caribe, identificando logros y desafíos. La región ha corregido problemas históricos como la inflación y ha establecido la democracia, aunque existen dos modelos de desarrollo: uno que fomenta la cooperación y la inversión, y otro que es antiestadounidense y débil institucionalmente. Las amenazas incluyen inseguridad, desigualdad social, baja calidad educativa, y daño ambiental como la deforestación. El documento pro
El poder de la Seguridad Democrática - Una aproximación a la defensa del Esta...Alvaro Uribe V.
Este documento resume las tres historias que Álvaro Uribe Vélez quiere compartir sobre la transformación de Colombia durante la última década. Explica cómo implementó la Política de Seguridad Democrática para restablecer la confianza a través de tres pilares: seguridad, confianza inversionista y cohesión social. También describe los fundamentos y factores clave para implementar con éxito esta política, incluyendo tomar conciencia de los problemas de seguridad, vencer el miedo, involucrar a todas las fuerzas y la participación ciudadana.
Este documento presenta una reflexión sobre la situación política y económica de América Latina. Primero, resume los avances económicos de la región en las últimas décadas como la reducción de la inflación, el crecimiento económico estable, la reducción de la pobreza y el fortalecimiento de la democracia. Luego, analiza posibilidades como el crecimiento demográfico, las materias primas y los desafíos como construir democracias sólidas y cerrar brechas sociales. Finalmente, examina la situ
El documento presenta un discurso sobre los valores democráticos de libertad y orden. Discute la necesidad de un balance entre estos valores y critica el autoritarismo en la historia regional. También analiza conceptos como seguridad democrática y dictocracias, concluyendo que la seguridad es fundamental para garantizar las libertades y el desarrollo de las democracias modernas.
Este documento presenta una discusión sobre la democracia en Latinoamérica. Primero, ofrece un resumen de la situación actual de la región, destacando logros económicos y sociales. Luego, argumenta que un balance entre orden y libertad es necesario para la democracia, pero que el autoritarismo ha dominado históricamente la región a través de dictaduras y "dictocracias". Finalmente, propone que la autoridad debe basarse en la justicia imparcial para garantizar las libertades ciudadanas.
El documento resume la situación socioeconómica y política de América Latina, destacando oportunidades como el crecimiento demográfico y recursos naturales. Identifica desafíos como cerrar brechas sociales, hacer frente al cambio climático y mejorar la seguridad. El Estado debe promover el crecimiento a través de políticas fiscales prudentes, mayor integración comercial y educación de calidad para aprovechar el potencial de la región.
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Este documento presenta dos reflexiones sobre el fallo de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el caso entre Colombia y Nicaragua:
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2) Sobre mitos como que el gobierno colombiano pudo retirarse del Pacto de Bogot
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Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
• For a full set of 760+ questions. Go to
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Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Public Private Partnerships, Latin America and Colombia’s current challenges
1. +
Álvaro Uribe Vélez
October 2013
Public Private
Partnerships, Latin
America and Colombia’s
current challenges
2. +
Outline
1. The current global context
2. Latin America in a multi-polar world
3. PPP’s for a new regional era
4. Types of PPP’s
5. Latin America between two models
6. Colombia Current Challenges
3. +1. The current global context
There are 4 trends that will shape the global future in the next 20 years…
The global middle class expansion
The rise and flight of the emerging powers
Demography will determine destiny
The pressure for natural resources
4. +1. The current global context
The global
middle class
expansion
By 2030 a majority of the
world’s population will not
be impoverished, and the
growing middle class will
determine global
consumption patterns
The rise and
flight of the
emerging
powers
Asia will have surpassed
North America and
Europe combined in
terms of global power,
based upon GDP,
population size, military
spending, and
technological investment
China alone will probably
have the largest
economy, surpassing that
of the United States a
few years before 2030
Source: U.S National Intelligence Council
Demography
will
determine
destiny
In 2013 the world will
have reached 8.1 billion
habitants
Aging population,
shrinking young
population, migration
and urbanization will
impact world social and
economic performance
The
pressure for
natural
resources
Demand for food,
water, and energy will
grow by approximately
35, 40, and 50 percent
respectively owing to
an increase in the
global population and
the consumption
patterns of an
expanding middle class
5. +
1. The current global context
By 2050, 19 of the top 30
economies by GDP will be
countries that we currently
describe as ‘emerging’
China and India will be the
largest and third-largest
economies in the world
Eight countries – India,
China, Brazil, Russia,
Indonesia, Korea, Mexico
and Turkey – will be
responsible for most of
global growth up to 2025
Emerging economies will
account for 68% of global
growth by 2030
In 1980, 5% of goods were
sourced globally. By 2000,
this was 20%. By 2025, it
will be 50%
In 1980, world exports
accounted for one-sixth of
global GDP. Today it is a
quarter. By 2030, it will
have risen to a third
By 2030 the urban middle
class will rise to 42% of the
global population. The
number of people with daily
income of $10 to $100 a day
will rise from 1.8 billion
today to 4.9 billion by 2030
6. +
1. The current global context
Global energy demand rises by
over one-third in the period to
2035, underpinned by rising
living standards in China, India
& the Middle East
Iraq accounts for 45% of the
growth in global production to
2035; by the 2030s it becomes
the second-largest global oil
exporter, overtaking Russia
By 2035, almost 90% of Middle
Eastern oil exports go to Asia;
North America’s emergence as
a net exporter accelerates the
eastward shift in trade
The energy sector’s water
needs are set to grow, making
water an increasingly important
criterion for assessing the
viability of energy projects
Electricity prices are set to
increase with the highest
prices persisting in the
European Union & Japan, well
above those in China & the
United States
The need for electricity in
emerging economies drives
a 70% increase in worldwide
demand, with renewable
accounting for half of new
global capacity
Two-thirds of the economic
potential to improve energy
efficiency remains untapped in
the period to 2035
Global energy trends in the next 25 years…
Source: International Energy Agency
7. +1. The trends that will define our future
Towards a urbanized world….
600 Urban Centers generate 60% of the world’s GDP
Almost half of the world GDP in 2010 was generated
in 362 cities located in developed nations
20% of the world GDP in 2010 was generated in
187 from North America
In 2010 China’s Metropolitan Areas generated 78%
of the Nation GDP
74% of the Latin American and Caribbean population
leaves in cities
8. +
1. The current global context
From 2010 to 2025, the
GDP of the world biggest
600 cities will rise by over
$30 trillion
Over$10 trillion in
additional annual
investments needed in
cities by 2025
1 billion new consumers
in emerging market cities
by 2025
Cities are expected to
need to build floor space
equivalent to 85%of
today’s building stock (An
area de size of Australia)
Annual consumption in
Emerging 440 cities is
set to rise by $10 trillion
by 2025
60% of the new urban
consumers will be bases
in 440 emerging cities
Nearly80 billion cubic
meter increase in
municipal water demand
expected in the world’s
cities by 2025
Over 2.5 times today’s
level of port infrastructure
needed to meet rising
container-shipping
demand
How cities will change the world…
9. +
2. Latin America in a multi-polar world
Between 2003 and 2007 the region
experienced a growth average of
5%...the highest since 1967-1974
How does Latin
America fit in
this panorama?
Between 1980
and today some
changes have
occurred…
Debt is no longer a threat: Debt
to GDP ratios in the region have
passed from 40% in 2002 to
20.4% in 2011
The inflation tragedy is over:
in 1985 regional inflation
average was 159%, today is
below 6%. This means that
fiscal and monetary prudence
have become policy principles
Democracy has expanded in the
region with few exceptions…
Regional exports have
increased 160% between
2002 and 2011
In 2011 the region faced a
record number in FDI
reaching almost 160
US$billion
10. 2. Latin America in a multi-polar world
Policy Changes since 1980 match four range of opportunities
Population
Close to 600
million people
Average age
between 24 and
28
Per Capita Income
in PPP close to
US$10.000
Poverty
reduction
64% of our population is a
expanding middle class
During the last decade 40 million
people have left the poverty line
Life expectancy has increased
from 65 to 75 years
Child mortality has been reduced
by 50 per cent
Literacy rates are above 94%
Mobile phone penetration has
increased by 78 per cent
Internet access has increased by
33%
Healthcare coverage has
increased by 50 percent
Water and sanitation coverage
has reached 80%
Commodities
in time of
Demand
10 percent of the
World oil reserves
6 percent of the World
Gas reserves
Almost 50 percent of
the World cooper
reserves
50 per cent of the
World silver reserves
13% of the World iron
reserves
26% of the World
fertile land
24% of the World beef
supply
Bio Reserves
20 per cent of the
World Biodiversity
is concentrated in
the Amazon ring
Almost 50% of the
World potable
water supply
57% of the world
primary forest
11. 2. Latin America in a multi-polar world
The change process is a consequence of the consistency, congruence and sense of urgency that a group of
countries have adopted as their policy cornerstone. Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Uruguay
represent 70 per cent of the region’s population and 75% of the regional GDP.
The strengthening of
Liberal Democracy
The adoption of an
institutional Framework
in favor of foreign and
national investment
The construction of a
sound and sustainable
social safety net
The expansion of
export markets and the
commercial integration
with the World (FTA’s)
Construction of
strategic infrastructure
Better regulatory
environment
A sound
Macroeconomic
Administration driven
by fiscal and
monetary prudence
A public administration
driven by results
The consolidation of an
innovation agenda
leaded by an
improvement in
education
A well capitalized
financial sector and the
constant expansion of
financial services
Today countries like Panama,
Dominican Republic, Costa
Rica, Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Paraguay, as well as
most of the Caribbean States,
are following that line of
behavior
12. 2. Latin America in a multi-polar world
Despite the changes that have been achieved some important challenges remain…
Building Modern
Democracies
(5 parameters)
Security
Freedoms and Private
Initiative
Independent Institutions
Social Cohesion
People Participation
A dynamic
Economic
transformation
Investment Target Policies
Maintaining Fiscal and
Monetary transformation
Integrate commodity and
knowledge based
economies
Expand export markets
Create an
Entrepreneurship culture
(Innovation agenda)
Closing Social
Gaps
Improve education
(quality, coverage,
vocational)
Insure Universal
Healthcare
Formal Job creation
Access to Finance
Climate Change,
Environment
and Energy
Sustainability
Expand renewable
sources
Install an energy efficiency
conscience
Improve waste
management
Protect the Amazon Ring
Reduce Co2 Emissions
The region top challenges
14. 3. PPP’s for a new regional era
The concept of a partnership…
A collaborative alliance between two or more actors
Among public, private or NGOs or any group of
individuals
Have different objectives, values, cultures, structures,
but that are sharing risks, responsibilities, resources
and competencies
Committed to a common task which will also help to
achieve their specific individual goals
15. 3. PPP’s for a new regional era
4 Reasons
for
Partnerships
Complex and
interdependent world
requires various
sectors to unite and
effectively respond to
development
challenges
Sharing
organizational
cultures and
competencies
triggers innovative
approaches and
solutions
Diverse access to
knowledge and
relationships through
various sectors
enriches result based
policies
The old concept of
public Vs private is
over
16. 3. PPP’s for a new regional era
Partnership is
better than sum
of its parts
Seven
commitments
of positive
partnerships
Communication
and
Transparency
Sharing of risks
Benefits for all
partners
governance
structures
Evaluable and
measurable
goals
Join
Sound
competencies to
build on core
strengths of
partners
17. 3. PPP’s for a new regional era
Operational
innovation
Partnership
Bennefits
Efficiency
Development
of human
capital
Better
information
management
Stronger
financial
structure
Improvement
in products &
services
Legitimacy &
credibility
18. 3. PPP’s for a new regional era
The virtuos tripod for the XXI Century Partnerships
Public
Private
Partnership
Framework
Civil
Society
19. 3. PPP’s for a new regional era
Types of international contracts for PPP’s
Design, Build,
Operate, Finance
Build Operate
Transfer
Rehabilitation,
Operation, Transfer
Concession
Lease or aftermage
Franchise
Management
Private Finance
Initiative
20. + 4. Types of partnerships and the
transformation of Colombia
21. 4. Types of partnerships
PPP’s
Infrastructure
• Road concessions
• Massive
Transportation
Solutions.
• Ports
• Airports
• Telecommunication
Social Services
• Schools with private
administration.
• Hospitals with
private
administration.
• Water and
sanitation provision.
• Energy generation
Strategic Sectors
• Oil and gas joint
ventures
• Mining
• Research and
development.
• Financial services
22. 4. Types of partnerships
Security
28.837 homicides
2.882 kidnappings
69 homicides per 100.000 habitants
1645 terrorist attacks
350 mayors out of their
municipalities
158 municipalities without police
Economy
Average Economic Growth 1994-
2001: 2.1%
GDP per Capita: US$2377
Investment as % of GDP: 16.5%
Exports: US$11.975 million
FDI: US$2.100 million
Inflation: 6.99%
Fiscal balance: -3.2%
Social
Unemployment: 16.2%
Health Coverage: 25 million
Colombians
Pension affiliates: 4.5 million
Poverty: 57%
Education Coverage: Primary 97%,
High school: 57%, University: 24%
Mobil Phone Lines: 4.6 million
Internet coverage: 1.9 million
Eleven years ago Colombia was a fragile state…
The Colombian Paradox: a long and stable democracy in a permanent threat from terrorist groups,
drug dealers and organized crime… facing these challenges required PPP’s
23. Social
Cohesion
Investment
with
fraternity
Democratic
Security
Confidence
Security as a Democratic Value
Security for
all
Confront all
criminal
organizations
Security
without
martial law
Security with
freedoms and
human rights
protection
Security in
coordination
with the
people
Investment Target
Security:
Human
Legal
Political
Sound
Macroeconomics
Incentives
Access to
markets
Competitiveness
factors:
• Infrastructure
• Regulation
• Connectivity
• Logistical chain
Social Cohesion
Highest quality
in education
Universal
healthcare
Access to
Finance
Stable Jobs
and
entrepreneurial
spirit
Connectivity
4. Types of partnerships
Our policy framework conceived PPP’s as structural for long term success
24. 4. Types of partnerships
Security
Partner with communities to denounce
criminal activities
Financial services
Forest Guards Families
Cajas de compensación Cooperatives
Infrastructure
Work with the private sector to expand
telecommunication coverage
Banca de oportunidades
(Corresponsales no bancarios)
Dorado Airport and others Second Generation road concessions
Energy
Port Development in Cartagena,
Barranquilla and others
Ecopetrol IPO ANH with a new partnership vision Mining Concessions
25. We made Colombia a viable country for FDI and PPP’s due to a multiplicity of factors…
Structural
Elements
Political Stability
Sound Macroeconomic
Management
Human, Political and Legal
Security
Competitive
elements
Investment incentives
Access to markets (Canada, EU,
EEUU, MERCOSUR, etc.)
Free Trade Zones
Logistical advantages
Legal stability agreements
Comparative
elements
Investment Grade
Stable institutions
Growing internal
demand
Complementary
Human Capital
New World Class
Sectors incentives.
Strong financial
system
4. Types of partnerships
27. 5. Two policy roads
But not all the socio-economic models are a success story…
The regional current Political Map is a “Tale of two cities” like the Charles Dickens Book… (The
ALBA and the non Alba Model)
ALBA
(Leaders: Venezuela,
Ecuador, Bolivia,
Nicaragua and Cuba)
Anti-U.S.
Anti-Free Trade
Lack of investment
Confidence
Weak institutions
Political Insecurity
Ideology driven
countries
Political Polarization
Modern Democratic Center Countries
(Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Chile, México,
Uruguay, Paraguay, Panamá, Republic
Dominican, Costa Rica, etc)
Cooperation with the U.S
Pro Free Trade
Investment Confidence
Independent Institutions
Political Stability
State Long Term Policies
and Mgt by Results
Organized Party Systems
The Democratic Center takes the lead:
• Investment grade countries are in this Group: Mexico, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Peru and Panama.
• Countries with more market access through FTA’S are in this
group
• Countries with more FDI are in this group
• Countries with more Middle Class Expansion are in this group.
• Better fiscally sustainable social programs: Chile, Mexico,
Brasil and Colombia.
Only the group of Countries in the Democratic Center
will become the regional active participants of the
Emerging Markets Boom…some of the ALBA
Members will see some benefits, but without solid
long term development agendas, they will face
transitory profits…
28. 5. Two policy roads
The regional challenge to improve our business climate
Indicator Brazil Chile Mexico Colombia Peru Venezuela
Starting a Business
(Proceadures)
13 8 6 9 6 17
Starting a Business
(Days)
119 22 9 14 27 141
Days for
Construction
Permits
411 155 105 50 188 395
Hours devoted to
pay taxes (Hours
per year)
2.600 316 404 208 380 864
Days to enforce a
contract
616 480 415 1346 428 510
Enforcing Contracts
(Cost % Claim)
16.5 28.6 32 47.9 35.7 43.7
Cost to export US$
per Container
US$1.730 US$745 US$1.420 US$1.770 US$860 US$2.590
29. Bad policies are deteriorating the political and economic context in the
ALBA Countries….
Venezuela
Inflation
Reduction in oil
production
Brain drain
Social conflict
Insecurity
Private initiative in
Jeopardy
Bolivia
Loss of citizen support
Quality of live
deterioration
Lack of private initiative
Loss in private
investment
Ecuador
Press Liberties in
danger
Lack of long term
private investment
Political stability at the
expense of higher
tensions
Oil driven political
power
Nicaragua
Institutional deterioration
(Reelection without
constitutional authority)
Corruption
Private initiative:
Uncertainty
Shameful Chavistas
5. Two policy roads
31. +
Security
Maintain Macro-Vision and
Micro-Management
Continue dismantling all
terrorist organizations
Continue dismantling drug
cartels apparatus
Strengthen Citizen Security
agendas with local
authorities
Economic
Face new trends of
currency appreciation
Maintain and increase FDI
flows (Security, incentives
and stability rules)
Fiscal Policy to face new
countercyclical challenges
Increase tax collections
without harming the
emerging middle class
Expand new trade markets
through FTA’s
Social
Cohesion
Fight labor informality and
create quality jobs
Insure education and health
quality
Expand vocational training
coverage
Create Entrepreneurial
Family Transfers program
Political
Judicial reform
Strengthen Democratic
Center
Improve local institutional
capacity
New law implementation
(Victims and land)
Prevent the emergence of
populist movements
6. CURRENT CHALLENGES
Colombia current challenges
32. +
The Peace process that I would support:
What Colombia
thinks
68% of Colombians are not willing to
pardon crimes committed by
terrorist organizations
78% of Colombians are against
prison waivers for terrorists
72% of Colombians are against
political participation by terrorist
groups
My opinions
No impunity for crimes against
humanity
Justice, peace and reparation
Immediate release of kidnapped
people
Unilateral cease of criminal activities
My opinions
International verification of
disarmament
No policy agenda on the table
Reinsertion agenda
6. CURRENT CHALLENGES
Colombia current challenges: The peace talks with FARC