HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
Breeding in OKRA.pptx
1. OKRA
Dr. Pradeep Kumar Singh
Associate Professor
Vegetable Science
COH, Anjanthali
MHU Karnal
2. Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Botany
Bhendi is often cross pollinated crop.
Anthesis is between 9 and 10 hr and is preceded
by maximum anther dehiscence between 8 and 9 hr.
The stigma remains receptive on the day of
anthesis.
Cross pollination to an extent of 12 per cent is due
to protogynous.
3.
4.
5.
6. Method of seed production
Seed to seed
Stages of seed production
Breeder seed Foundation seed Certified seed
Varieties
CO.1, CO.2, MDU.1, Parbhani Kranti, Arka
Anamika, Pusa A-4, Pusa Savani, Punjab-7,
JK Harita, Parbhawa
Hybrids
CO. 3, Mahyco hybrid, Shoba
19. Season
June-July, September- October and
February- March
Land requirement
Select field on which bhendi crop was not grown in
the previous season, unless the crop was of the
same variety and certified.
Field should be free from wild bhendi
(Abelmoschus sp.)
Isolation requirement
Seed field must be isolated from other varieties at
least by 400 M for foundation and hybrid seed
production and 200 M for certified seed
production.
20. Seed rate
• Varieties : 8-10 kg/ha
• Hybrids : 4 kg/ha (Female) : 1 kg/ha (Male)
Main field manuring
Apply 12.5 tons of FYM/ha before ploughing.
Apply 150:75:75 kg NPK/ha, of which 50% of
the N should be applied as top dressing in two
split doses at flowering and 10 days later.
Planting ratio For hybrid seed production,
female and male parents are normally planted
in the ratio of 4:1.
21.
22. S.
No.
Varieties Developing centre Recommende
d zones
Year of
identification
1 Sel-2, NBPGR, New Delhi All regions 1985
2 P-7 PAU, Ludhiana All regions 1990
3 PB-57 MAU, Parbhani All regions 1990
4 Sel10(A.Anamika) IIHR, Hessarghatta All regions 1990
5 Sel-4 (A. Abhay) IIHR, Hessarghatta II 1992
6 HRB-55 HAU, Hissar VI 1995
7 HRB-9-2 HAU Hissar IV,VI 1996
8 VRO-3 IIVR, Varanasi All regions 2001
9 VRO-4 IIVR, Varanasi IV, V 2001
10 VRO-5 IIVR, Varanasi VI, VIII 2002
11 VRO-6 IIVR, Varanasi IV, VII 2002
12 NDO-10 NDUAT,Faizabad IV 2005
13 HRB-107-4 HAU, Hissar VI 2005
14 IIVR-11 IIVR Varanasi VI, VII 2005
15 JNDOL-03-1 GAU, Junagarh VII and VIII 2007
23. Table 2: Okra Hybrids identified through AICRP (VC)
S. No. Hybrids Developing
centre
Recommend
ed zones
Year of
identification
1 DVR-1 IIVR, Varanasi IV, VII 1998
2 DVR-2 IIVR, Varanasi VI, VIII 1998
3 DVR-3 IIVR Varanasi, All zones 2001
4 DVR-4 IIVR Varanasi, IV, V, VII 2001
5 HBH-142 HAU, Hissar IV, V, VII, VII 2005
6 SOH-152 Syngenta India
Ltd.
IV, VII, VII 2005
7 SOH-1016 Syngenta India
Ltd.
IV,VII 2007
8 NBH-180 Nuzi Vedu
Seeds
VII 2007
9 JNDOH-02-2 GAU,
Junagarh
II, V, VI, VII,
VIII
2008
28. Roguing
• Minimum of three inspections for varieties and
4 inspections for hybrids should be at 1.
Vegetative, 2 & 3. Flowering and 4. Fruit
maturity stages.
• The rouging should be based on the plant
characters, hairyness, fruit character like fruit
colour, number of ridges, fruit length etc., and
the off type and mosaic attacked plants should
be removed from the seed field.
• Wild bhendi if present should be removed
before flowering.
29. Specific field standards
Factors Foundation Certified
Off types (max) 0.1 % 0.2%
Objectionable weed
(max)
None None
Diseases affected
plants(max)
0.1% 0.5%
Objectionable weed is wild Abelmoschus sp.
Designated diseases – Yellow Vein Mosaic (Hibiscus
virus-1)
30. Hybrid seed production
In bhendi, since the flowers are large in size,
hand emasculation and pollination is the
best suitable method for seed production.
The emasculation and dusting can be done
as per the methods outlined in tomato.
The male and female parents are raised in
blocks at the ratio of 9:1 (Female: Male).
31. Harvesting and threshing
Fruits should be harvested when they have dried (30- 35 days
after crossing).
Pods which expose hairline crack and turned in to brown
colour on drying alone are picked by hand and the seeds are
separated manually.
Then the seed are cleaned, dried and treated with captan/
thriam. (2g / kg of seed)
It can be upgraded by water floatation technique (i.e. the seed
is immersed in a column of water (1:10 by volume).
Stirred well and floaters (9-10%) containing insect damaged
and ill-filled seeds are removed.
The sinkers blackish olive green in colour that sinks down to
the bottom are separated and dried.
In okra, the seed coat colour ranged from green to grey and
finally to black.
The discoloured seeds may not be acceptable as seed for sowing
because of poor physical appearance and high expected
incidence of seed borne fungi.
32. The normal green colour seeds have better
storage potential.
Bhendi seeds dried to 7 per cent moisture,
treated with captan (2g kg-1 of seed) and
stored in a sealed 700 gauge polyethylene bag
could maintain 80 percent germination up to
24 months of storage.
Processing
Seeds are to be processed with BSS 7 wire
mesh sieve.
34. Pest and disease management
• The major pest attacking bhendi are jassids,
aphids and white fly, which can be controlled
by spraying rogar or dimecron or thiodon.
• The pod borer and red spider mites can be
controlled by spraying thiodon and kelthane,
respectively.
• The diseases such as yellow vein mosaic and
powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying
systemic insecticides and karathane,
respectively.
35. Plant protection - Pests
Fruit borers
Integrated Pest management
• Spray carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/lit or monocrotophos
36 WSC 2 ml/lit combined with or neem seed
Kernel extract 5 %.
1. Set up pheromone trap at 12/ha.
2. Collection and destruction of affected fruits.
3. Release of egg parasite Trichogramma at 1.0
lakh/ha. 4. Release of 1st instar larvae of green
lace wing bug Chrysoperla carnea @
10,000/ha.
5. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis 2 g/lit.
36. Leaf hopper
• Monocrotophos 36 WSC 2 ml/lit or
dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit combined with
neem seed kernel extract 5 %.
Nematode
• Application of Carbofuran 3 G 1 kg a.i /ha
or Phorate 10 G 1 kg a.i./ha and Neem cake
400 kg/ha at sowing in furrows along with
fertilizers.
37. Diseases
Yellow vein mosaic virus
• Spray monocrotophos 2 ml/lit to kill the
vectors i.e., white flies.
Powdery mildew
• Dust Sulphur 25 kg/ha or spray Dinocap 2
ml/lit or Tridemorph 0.5 ml/lit or Carbendazim
1 g/lit or Wettable sulphur 2 g/lit immediately
after noticing the disease and repeat after 15
days or four sprays of Triademephon (0.5%) at
10 days interval from 30 days after sowing.
