Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers by Innocenzo Muzzalupo in Investigations in Gynecology Research & Womens Health
Chemical and-sensory-analysis-of-some-egyptian-virgin-olive-oils-2155-9600.10...science journals
In the paper here presented, virgin olive oils produced in the year crop 2010/2011 in two different areas of Egypt, Siwa oasis and Giza, were characterised by their chemical-physical parameters.
The Effect of Impurity Concentration on Activation Energy Change of Palm Oil ...IOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that measured the density and viscosity of pure palm oil and palm oil adulterated with various concentrations of turkey oil at 313K. The activation energy changes arising from different impurity concentrations were calculated. The activation energy of palm oil increased linearly as the impurity concentration increased, likely due to increased intermolecular forces between the impurity and palm oil molecules. A simple mathematical expression was developed relating the impurity concentration to the activation energy change, allowing identification of adulterated palm oil.
Microbiological Profile and Quality Assessment of Unbranded Groundnut Oil Mar...IJRTEMJOURNAL
This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded
groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different
locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1–
7.2 × 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2–6.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The
Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4–4.2 × 105
cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 – 8.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp.,
Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and
Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the
antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory
agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative
for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality
assurance of their products.
Microbiological Profile and Quality Assessment of Unbranded Groundnut Oil Mar...journal ijrtem
This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded
groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different
locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1–
7.2 × 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2–6.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The
Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4–4.2 × 105
cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 – 8.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp.,
Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and
Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the
antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory
agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative
for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality
assurance of their products.
This document summarizes a study that characterized bacteria isolated from fermented and unfermented coconut. Eight bacterial isolates (3 from fermented, 5 from unfermented coconut) were identified based on biochemical and molecular techniques. Biochemical characterization involved tests for carbohydrate fermentation and other properties. Molecular characterization included PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and multiple sequence alignment. The results identified the isolates as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudomonas spp., Ralstonia pickettii and Burkholderia spp. These species are related to human pathogenicity, indicating the importance of hygiene during food processing and handling of coconut. Proper environmental hygiene is
GMP Assignment samples can be used for trainingpvmalirosh
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemometrics are highly effective techniques for authenticating olive oil. NMR can detect unique chemical markers in olive oil that distinguish it from adulterated oils. Chemometrics applies statistical analysis to NMR data to build classification models that can identify olive oil samples as genuine or adulterated. Together, NMR and chemometrics provide a robust approach for verifying olive oil authenticity and ensuring consumers receive high quality products. Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) principles can be applied to NMR and chemometric processes to enhance quality assurance and mitigate risks.
Isolation-and-Identification-of-Diacylglycerol-Acyltransferase-Type--2-GAT2-G...Dr.Ahmed Marzouk, PhD, MBA
This document summarizes research that aimed to study the genetic basis for oil accumulation in olive fruit by tracking the DGAT2 gene in three Egyptian olive cultivars (Toffahi, Hamed, and Maraki) using molecular marker techniques and bioinformatics tools. The results showed that:
1) A specific genomic band in Maraki cultivars was identified as the DGAT2 gene with 100% similarity to the gene in Olea europaea.
2) A differential genomic band in Maraki cultivars identified a sequence with 76% similarity to the DGAT2 gene in Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca.
3) A specific genomic band in Hamed cultivars
Chemical and-sensory-analysis-of-some-egyptian-virgin-olive-oils-2155-9600.10...science journals
In the paper here presented, virgin olive oils produced in the year crop 2010/2011 in two different areas of Egypt, Siwa oasis and Giza, were characterised by their chemical-physical parameters.
The Effect of Impurity Concentration on Activation Energy Change of Palm Oil ...IOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that measured the density and viscosity of pure palm oil and palm oil adulterated with various concentrations of turkey oil at 313K. The activation energy changes arising from different impurity concentrations were calculated. The activation energy of palm oil increased linearly as the impurity concentration increased, likely due to increased intermolecular forces between the impurity and palm oil molecules. A simple mathematical expression was developed relating the impurity concentration to the activation energy change, allowing identification of adulterated palm oil.
Microbiological Profile and Quality Assessment of Unbranded Groundnut Oil Mar...IJRTEMJOURNAL
This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded
groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different
locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1–
7.2 × 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2–6.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The
Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4–4.2 × 105
cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 – 8.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp.,
Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and
Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the
antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory
agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative
for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality
assurance of their products.
Microbiological Profile and Quality Assessment of Unbranded Groundnut Oil Mar...journal ijrtem
This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded
groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different
locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1–
7.2 × 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2–6.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The
Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4–4.2 × 105
cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 – 8.2 × 105
cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp.,
Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and
Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the
antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory
agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative
for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality
assurance of their products.
This document summarizes a study that characterized bacteria isolated from fermented and unfermented coconut. Eight bacterial isolates (3 from fermented, 5 from unfermented coconut) were identified based on biochemical and molecular techniques. Biochemical characterization involved tests for carbohydrate fermentation and other properties. Molecular characterization included PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and multiple sequence alignment. The results identified the isolates as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudomonas spp., Ralstonia pickettii and Burkholderia spp. These species are related to human pathogenicity, indicating the importance of hygiene during food processing and handling of coconut. Proper environmental hygiene is
GMP Assignment samples can be used for trainingpvmalirosh
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemometrics are highly effective techniques for authenticating olive oil. NMR can detect unique chemical markers in olive oil that distinguish it from adulterated oils. Chemometrics applies statistical analysis to NMR data to build classification models that can identify olive oil samples as genuine or adulterated. Together, NMR and chemometrics provide a robust approach for verifying olive oil authenticity and ensuring consumers receive high quality products. Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) principles can be applied to NMR and chemometric processes to enhance quality assurance and mitigate risks.
Isolation-and-Identification-of-Diacylglycerol-Acyltransferase-Type--2-GAT2-G...Dr.Ahmed Marzouk, PhD, MBA
This document summarizes research that aimed to study the genetic basis for oil accumulation in olive fruit by tracking the DGAT2 gene in three Egyptian olive cultivars (Toffahi, Hamed, and Maraki) using molecular marker techniques and bioinformatics tools. The results showed that:
1) A specific genomic band in Maraki cultivars was identified as the DGAT2 gene with 100% similarity to the gene in Olea europaea.
2) A differential genomic band in Maraki cultivars identified a sequence with 76% similarity to the DGAT2 gene in Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca.
3) A specific genomic band in Hamed cultivars
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the microbial and chemical characteristics of edible oils sold in markets in Gondar, Ethiopia. A total of 50 oil samples from 4 markets were tested. The study found high levels of microbes including bacteria and fungi in many samples, exceeding WHO standards. It also found that acid, peroxide and free fatty acid levels were elevated compared to standards, indicating poor quality. The poor microbial and chemical properties likely resulted from unsanitary handling practices and traditional processing methods. Overall, the study suggests interventions are needed to improve the safety and quality of edible oils sold in the local markets.
Development and method validation for determination of Deltamethrin residue i...IOSR Journals
Olive oil is the most important commodities produced in the Mediterranean region. Due to its significant economical importance, the usage of pesticides in its production is systematic, by using a wide range of plant protection products with a variety of modes of action. As a consequence, monitoring of their residue levels in these products is a necessity. In the present study a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method, with a short sample preparation step, based on acetonitrile extraction is developed and validated in olive oil, with a large scope that includes Deltamethrin as pesticide. Good sensitivity and selectivity of the method were obtained with limits of quantification at 0.2 mg kg-1. Deltamethrin has recovery rate which is of about 80℅. We confirm also the efficiency of alumina, used as adsorbent in the clean up step, to remove triglycerides and to get a pure extract. The agronomic implementation of this protocol allows us to determine the influence of some parameters on the dose and the period of treatment affecting the detected quantities of Deltamethrin residues in the produced olive oil. Indeed, we prove that the treatment dose should be specific for each case considering the olive variety, the geography of the orchard, and the predicted harvest time to determine the convenient dose of treatment. In addition, the results show that the preventive treatment at the blooming phase, does not lead to the concentration of Deltamethrin residues in the oil as it happens at the lipogenesis phase.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF OILS AND THEIR UNSAPONIFIABLE F...EDITOR IJCRCPS
The main objective of the study was to assess the in vitro antifungal potency of the unsaponifiable fraction extracted
from coat and bark seeds oils of Citrullus colocynthis L against pathogenic fungal strains namely Aspergillus flavus,
Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium expansum and Fusarium oxysporum. In terms of the physico-chemical
characterization, oils under study showed evidence of quality standards relating to vegetable oils. Unsaponifiable
matter yield recorded was approximately 0.93% and 1.03%, for the seed coat oil and bark seed oil respectively.
Antifungal activity carried out by radial growth on solid medium (Potatoes Dextrose Agar acidified) revealed that the
oils and the corresponding unsaponifiable fractions exhibited complete inhibition of fungal growth. Maximal antifungal
index inhibition (IAF=100%) were recorded at 5% and 2.5% dilutions of each fraction tested. The results provided
evidence that the unsaponifiable oils fractions might indeed be potential sources of natural antifungal agents and
deserve further studies to characterize the biological compounds included in these fractions.
Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis seeds, seed coat, bark, oils, unsaponifiable fraction, antifungal activity.
Viscometric studies on the biodegradation of some vegetable oils using asperg...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses a study on the biodegradation of four vegetable oils (baobab, palm, cotton, and groundnut) using the fungus Aspergillus niger.
2) The intrinsic viscosities of the inoculated oils were measured over time, with the uninoculated oils as controls. Viscosity increased with incubation time, peaked at 28 days, then declined, indicating biodegradation.
3) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pH measurements supported the secretion of enzymes and conversion of oils to secondary metabolites. Absorption peaks indicated hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in biodegraded compounds.
This project report summarizes research conducted at the Central Science Laboratory (CSL) in the UK on assessing genetic variability and purifying bioactive proteins from oilseed rape (OSR) meal. The research was jointly funded by the European Commission and Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) as part of a larger EU project involving 14 partners.
The studies at CSL showed that DNA fingerprinting, particularly microsatellite analysis, could be used to estimate genetic variability in protein composition among OSR varieties. Research also involved isolating and characterizing antifungal and proteinase inhibitor proteins from OSR meal that have potential applications in plant protection.
The overall EU project aimed to explore value-added uses for OS
Biodegradation of insecticidal compounds of Clausena anisata and Plectrant...researchagriculture
Essential oils of some aromatic plants are suggested in Northern Cameroon
as alternatives to hazardous pesticides having harmful effects on the consumer and
the environment. The active compounds of these essential oils are very volatile, easily
biodegradable. To be effective, treatments should be made with short interval and
regular time. This mode of use generates the accumulation of constituents of these
essential oils on the treated food and could limit food security and safety. The present
study aimed at evaluating the variation of the constituent’s quality of
Clausena
anisata
(Rutaceae)
and
Plectranthus glandulosus
(Lamiaceae)
essential oils and their
levels on food products according to time. In this way, samples of corn grains and
flour were treated with these essential oils and stored during 150 days. During this
storage, the persistent compounds present in these samples were extracted by
hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID. The obtained
results showed that, essential
oils concentration decreases on food products according to the duration of storage,
with half
-
life times (IT50) of 24.16 and 34.61 days for
C. anisata
, and 25 and 38.75
days for
P. glandulosus
, respectively on grains and flour. At 150 days after the
treatment, there is no more that six constituents of
C. anaisata
and 3 of
P.
glandulosus
on the grains, and 10 and seven constituents on the flour respectively for
these two essential oils. The rates of these persistent constituents are more than 62.5
times lower than the toxic concentration observed from the day of treatment. At
these used doses, these constituents are not toxic to consumers.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the physicochemical characteristics and storage stability of crude palm oils produced traditionally and industrially in Cameroon. The study found that the traditional and industrial crude palm oils had higher levels of moisture content, free fatty acids, and peroxide values compared to a reference oil before storage. When stored at 30°C and 20°C over 3 months, the free fatty acid and peroxide values of both oils increased significantly, indicating deterioration, with the traditional oil deteriorating faster than the industrial oil. The physicochemical properties showed the oils were edible but suggested the traditional oil may not be suitable for long-term storage.
This document discusses trends in developing biotechnology from nature. It notes that the 21st century belongs to the biotechnology industry and discusses developing cost-effective technologies for nutraceuticals, antibiotics, and biofuels using concepts from omics science. It provides examples of developing recombinant proteins from indigenous cattle breeds and pineapple, and using coconut oil to develop an ecofriendly biofuel. The biofuel was tested in a diesel engine and found to perform comparably to fossil fuels without engine modifications.
Classification of Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunch using Multiband Optical SensorsIJECEIAES
This document summarizes a study that used optical sensors with 16 LED lights to classify palm oil fresh fruit bunches (FFB) by ripeness. The study collected spectral data from 191 FFB samples using the sensor system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithms were used to build classification models based on the spectral data. The models were evaluated based on a grader's visual inspection of ripeness and on measured oil content of 33 FFB samples. The model based on oil content measurements achieved higher accuracy of 88.2% compared to 79.8% for the model based on visual inspection. When tested on FFB from smallholders, the oil content-based model
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes a study that analyzed the chemical constituents, physicochemical properties, and proximate composition of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) seed oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 24 constituents making up 96.81% of the oil, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, and 9-octadecenol as major components. Physicochemical analysis found the oil had a specific gravity of 0.9050, refractive index of 1.456, and acid, iodine, saponification, and peroxide values within reported standards. Proximate analysis determined the seed contained 10.50% moisture, 39.57% protein, and 32.50%
Mineralization Of Diesel-Base Engine Oil By Fungi Isolated From Selected Work...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Oil Production from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g Using Rice Bran Hydrolysate ZY8
This study investigated using defatted rice bran hydrolysate as a nutrient source for Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g to produce microbial oil. Rice bran was subjected to acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid to produce sugars. The optimal conditions for sugar production were 3% sulfuric acid at 90°C for 6 hours. The hydrolysate was then detoxified and used to culture Y. lipolytica Po1g. Under optimal conditions, the yeast produced 10.75 g/L of dry cell mass and lipid content of 48.02%. This research demonstrates the potential for using a low-cost agricultural byproduct for microbial oil production.
Multivariate regression methods with infrared spectroscopy to detect the fals...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Recently, food safety and guaranteed of food marks have become more important subjects of
foodstuff production and the marketing of processed foods. This paper demonstrates the ability of Mid Infrared
spectroscopy coupled with multivariate regression tools to detect vegetable butter (as adulterant) in a binary
mixture with traditional cow’s butter. Blends of traditional cow’s butter with different percentages of vegetable
butter were measured using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (ATRFTMIR). Spectral and reference data were firstly analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to check
outliers samples; and improve the robustness of the prediction models to be established. Multivariate regression
methods as Principal component regression (PCR) and Partial least square regression (PLSR) were used to
establish calibration model. Excellent correlation between ATR-FTMIR analysis and studied butter blends was
obtained R2 = 0.99; with Root Mean Square Errors of Prediction < 3.04, Limit of Detection 9.12% (By PCR)
and 6.06% (by PLSR), and Relative Prediction Errors as low as 3.13.
An Analysis of Tourism Competitiveness Index of Europe and Caucasus: A Study ...IJRTEMJOURNAL
This study aims to find the association-ship between the Regional Rank of the Travel and
Tourism Competitiveness Index and its Indicators in 37 European countries. The cross-sectional data of the 37
European countries are collected from the World Economic Forum report- 2015. The statistical software
package, SPSS v. 20.0 is used to analyze the data. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Multi-co-linearity, Multiple
Regression, and Residual Analysis are the tools used to analyze to achieve out the objective of the study. RR:
Regional Rank of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index is used as the dependent variable and TI:
Tourism Services Infrastructure, GP: Ground & Port Infrastructure, BE: Business Environment, PT:
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism, and CR: Cultural resources & business travel are used as the independent
variables. It is found that there is an inverse relationship between the dependent variable and all the
independent variables along with the statistical significance. It is recommended that the governments of the
European countries and the respective agents of these countries should be made aware of learning the findings
of this study to promote their countries which can be victorious in lowering their Regional Rank of the Travel
and Tourism Competitiveness Index
Effect of chopping oil palm fruit spikelets on the free fatty acid content re...eSAT Journals
Abstract Crushed oil palm fruit bunches from the continuous sterilization system cause damages and bruising of the fruits, yielding high lipase enzyme reaction if no heating pre-treatment was carried out immediately. Thus, this study was proposed to acquire the free fatty acid content (FFA) release rate and to determine the mechanical properties of chopped oil palm fruit spikelets. The fruit spikelets were chopped by using two different methods, which were manually chopping using a knife blade and utilizing a fabricated chopper blade. Damages obtained from the manually chopped using the knife blade were classified into two categories, which were minor and major damage. The chopper blade was fixed on the Instron Machine to obtain its mechanical properties, such as rupture force, deformation at rupture, hardness and energy at the break of the fruit spikelets. The chopped fruit spikelets were stored at different storage periods ranging between 0hr to 2hr at room temperature. Extraction of palm oil was extracted using the Soxhlet extractor and the FFA content of the palm oil was determined through titration method. Results showed that the mean rupture force, deformation at rupture, hardness and energy at break required when chopping the fruit spikelets were 2781N, 45.53mm, 61.02 N/mm and 36.71J respectively. The development of FFA content was highly influenced by the damaged area of the fruits and the length of storage periods. This is due to the development of lipase enzyme activity that occurred in the damaged cells, therefore simultaneously increasing the rate of FFA content released. Key Words: Oil Palm Fruit Spikelets, Chopping Methods, Mechanical Properties, Storage Periods, Free Fatty Acid Content.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
DNA as a Biomaterial in Diagnosis of Food Adulteration and Food Safety Assura...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
This document discusses the use of DNA as a tool for ensuring food safety and quality. It describes how DNA can be isolated from various food products and used to detect adulteration and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Specifically, it discusses studies that have used DNA analysis to detect adulteration in milk, wine, oil, honey, baked goods, and meat products. It also explains how DNA analysis can identify microbial contamination in food. Overall, the document outlines how DNA-based methods provide an effective way to analyze food products and ensure they meet regulatory standards for safety and labeling.
Agroindustrial Exploitation of the Mucilage Obtained from the Nopal Cactus Op...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Agroindustrial Exploitation of the Mucilage Obtained from the Nopal Cactus Opuntia spp. Cultivated in Hydroponics by Romeo Rojas in Food Science Journal
Copper Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Stress: Problem Makers or Solvers?_ Cri...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Copper nanoparticles (NPs) have various applications but also pose environmental concerns. They can act as both problem makers and problem solvers. As problem makers, copper NPs may accumulate in the environment and cause toxicity in plants and animals over the long term. However, they also show promise as problem solvers by demonstrating antibacterial properties useful for wound dressings, and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. More research is still needed to fully understand the ecological effects of copper NP exposure and their long term impacts on human health before their widespread use can be considered safe.
More Related Content
Similar to Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers-Crimson Publishers
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the microbial and chemical characteristics of edible oils sold in markets in Gondar, Ethiopia. A total of 50 oil samples from 4 markets were tested. The study found high levels of microbes including bacteria and fungi in many samples, exceeding WHO standards. It also found that acid, peroxide and free fatty acid levels were elevated compared to standards, indicating poor quality. The poor microbial and chemical properties likely resulted from unsanitary handling practices and traditional processing methods. Overall, the study suggests interventions are needed to improve the safety and quality of edible oils sold in the local markets.
Development and method validation for determination of Deltamethrin residue i...IOSR Journals
Olive oil is the most important commodities produced in the Mediterranean region. Due to its significant economical importance, the usage of pesticides in its production is systematic, by using a wide range of plant protection products with a variety of modes of action. As a consequence, monitoring of their residue levels in these products is a necessity. In the present study a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method, with a short sample preparation step, based on acetonitrile extraction is developed and validated in olive oil, with a large scope that includes Deltamethrin as pesticide. Good sensitivity and selectivity of the method were obtained with limits of quantification at 0.2 mg kg-1. Deltamethrin has recovery rate which is of about 80℅. We confirm also the efficiency of alumina, used as adsorbent in the clean up step, to remove triglycerides and to get a pure extract. The agronomic implementation of this protocol allows us to determine the influence of some parameters on the dose and the period of treatment affecting the detected quantities of Deltamethrin residues in the produced olive oil. Indeed, we prove that the treatment dose should be specific for each case considering the olive variety, the geography of the orchard, and the predicted harvest time to determine the convenient dose of treatment. In addition, the results show that the preventive treatment at the blooming phase, does not lead to the concentration of Deltamethrin residues in the oil as it happens at the lipogenesis phase.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF OILS AND THEIR UNSAPONIFIABLE F...EDITOR IJCRCPS
The main objective of the study was to assess the in vitro antifungal potency of the unsaponifiable fraction extracted
from coat and bark seeds oils of Citrullus colocynthis L against pathogenic fungal strains namely Aspergillus flavus,
Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium expansum and Fusarium oxysporum. In terms of the physico-chemical
characterization, oils under study showed evidence of quality standards relating to vegetable oils. Unsaponifiable
matter yield recorded was approximately 0.93% and 1.03%, for the seed coat oil and bark seed oil respectively.
Antifungal activity carried out by radial growth on solid medium (Potatoes Dextrose Agar acidified) revealed that the
oils and the corresponding unsaponifiable fractions exhibited complete inhibition of fungal growth. Maximal antifungal
index inhibition (IAF=100%) were recorded at 5% and 2.5% dilutions of each fraction tested. The results provided
evidence that the unsaponifiable oils fractions might indeed be potential sources of natural antifungal agents and
deserve further studies to characterize the biological compounds included in these fractions.
Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis seeds, seed coat, bark, oils, unsaponifiable fraction, antifungal activity.
Viscometric studies on the biodegradation of some vegetable oils using asperg...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses a study on the biodegradation of four vegetable oils (baobab, palm, cotton, and groundnut) using the fungus Aspergillus niger.
2) The intrinsic viscosities of the inoculated oils were measured over time, with the uninoculated oils as controls. Viscosity increased with incubation time, peaked at 28 days, then declined, indicating biodegradation.
3) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pH measurements supported the secretion of enzymes and conversion of oils to secondary metabolites. Absorption peaks indicated hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in biodegraded compounds.
This project report summarizes research conducted at the Central Science Laboratory (CSL) in the UK on assessing genetic variability and purifying bioactive proteins from oilseed rape (OSR) meal. The research was jointly funded by the European Commission and Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) as part of a larger EU project involving 14 partners.
The studies at CSL showed that DNA fingerprinting, particularly microsatellite analysis, could be used to estimate genetic variability in protein composition among OSR varieties. Research also involved isolating and characterizing antifungal and proteinase inhibitor proteins from OSR meal that have potential applications in plant protection.
The overall EU project aimed to explore value-added uses for OS
Biodegradation of insecticidal compounds of Clausena anisata and Plectrant...researchagriculture
Essential oils of some aromatic plants are suggested in Northern Cameroon
as alternatives to hazardous pesticides having harmful effects on the consumer and
the environment. The active compounds of these essential oils are very volatile, easily
biodegradable. To be effective, treatments should be made with short interval and
regular time. This mode of use generates the accumulation of constituents of these
essential oils on the treated food and could limit food security and safety. The present
study aimed at evaluating the variation of the constituent’s quality of
Clausena
anisata
(Rutaceae)
and
Plectranthus glandulosus
(Lamiaceae)
essential oils and their
levels on food products according to time. In this way, samples of corn grains and
flour were treated with these essential oils and stored during 150 days. During this
storage, the persistent compounds present in these samples were extracted by
hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID. The obtained
results showed that, essential
oils concentration decreases on food products according to the duration of storage,
with half
-
life times (IT50) of 24.16 and 34.61 days for
C. anisata
, and 25 and 38.75
days for
P. glandulosus
, respectively on grains and flour. At 150 days after the
treatment, there is no more that six constituents of
C. anaisata
and 3 of
P.
glandulosus
on the grains, and 10 and seven constituents on the flour respectively for
these two essential oils. The rates of these persistent constituents are more than 62.5
times lower than the toxic concentration observed from the day of treatment. At
these used doses, these constituents are not toxic to consumers.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the physicochemical characteristics and storage stability of crude palm oils produced traditionally and industrially in Cameroon. The study found that the traditional and industrial crude palm oils had higher levels of moisture content, free fatty acids, and peroxide values compared to a reference oil before storage. When stored at 30°C and 20°C over 3 months, the free fatty acid and peroxide values of both oils increased significantly, indicating deterioration, with the traditional oil deteriorating faster than the industrial oil. The physicochemical properties showed the oils were edible but suggested the traditional oil may not be suitable for long-term storage.
This document discusses trends in developing biotechnology from nature. It notes that the 21st century belongs to the biotechnology industry and discusses developing cost-effective technologies for nutraceuticals, antibiotics, and biofuels using concepts from omics science. It provides examples of developing recombinant proteins from indigenous cattle breeds and pineapple, and using coconut oil to develop an ecofriendly biofuel. The biofuel was tested in a diesel engine and found to perform comparably to fossil fuels without engine modifications.
Classification of Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunch using Multiband Optical SensorsIJECEIAES
This document summarizes a study that used optical sensors with 16 LED lights to classify palm oil fresh fruit bunches (FFB) by ripeness. The study collected spectral data from 191 FFB samples using the sensor system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithms were used to build classification models based on the spectral data. The models were evaluated based on a grader's visual inspection of ripeness and on measured oil content of 33 FFB samples. The model based on oil content measurements achieved higher accuracy of 88.2% compared to 79.8% for the model based on visual inspection. When tested on FFB from smallholders, the oil content-based model
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes a study that analyzed the chemical constituents, physicochemical properties, and proximate composition of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) seed oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 24 constituents making up 96.81% of the oil, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, and 9-octadecenol as major components. Physicochemical analysis found the oil had a specific gravity of 0.9050, refractive index of 1.456, and acid, iodine, saponification, and peroxide values within reported standards. Proximate analysis determined the seed contained 10.50% moisture, 39.57% protein, and 32.50%
Mineralization Of Diesel-Base Engine Oil By Fungi Isolated From Selected Work...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Oil Production from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g Using Rice Bran Hydrolysate ZY8
This study investigated using defatted rice bran hydrolysate as a nutrient source for Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g to produce microbial oil. Rice bran was subjected to acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid to produce sugars. The optimal conditions for sugar production were 3% sulfuric acid at 90°C for 6 hours. The hydrolysate was then detoxified and used to culture Y. lipolytica Po1g. Under optimal conditions, the yeast produced 10.75 g/L of dry cell mass and lipid content of 48.02%. This research demonstrates the potential for using a low-cost agricultural byproduct for microbial oil production.
Multivariate regression methods with infrared spectroscopy to detect the fals...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Recently, food safety and guaranteed of food marks have become more important subjects of
foodstuff production and the marketing of processed foods. This paper demonstrates the ability of Mid Infrared
spectroscopy coupled with multivariate regression tools to detect vegetable butter (as adulterant) in a binary
mixture with traditional cow’s butter. Blends of traditional cow’s butter with different percentages of vegetable
butter were measured using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (ATRFTMIR). Spectral and reference data were firstly analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to check
outliers samples; and improve the robustness of the prediction models to be established. Multivariate regression
methods as Principal component regression (PCR) and Partial least square regression (PLSR) were used to
establish calibration model. Excellent correlation between ATR-FTMIR analysis and studied butter blends was
obtained R2 = 0.99; with Root Mean Square Errors of Prediction < 3.04, Limit of Detection 9.12% (By PCR)
and 6.06% (by PLSR), and Relative Prediction Errors as low as 3.13.
An Analysis of Tourism Competitiveness Index of Europe and Caucasus: A Study ...IJRTEMJOURNAL
This study aims to find the association-ship between the Regional Rank of the Travel and
Tourism Competitiveness Index and its Indicators in 37 European countries. The cross-sectional data of the 37
European countries are collected from the World Economic Forum report- 2015. The statistical software
package, SPSS v. 20.0 is used to analyze the data. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Multi-co-linearity, Multiple
Regression, and Residual Analysis are the tools used to analyze to achieve out the objective of the study. RR:
Regional Rank of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index is used as the dependent variable and TI:
Tourism Services Infrastructure, GP: Ground & Port Infrastructure, BE: Business Environment, PT:
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism, and CR: Cultural resources & business travel are used as the independent
variables. It is found that there is an inverse relationship between the dependent variable and all the
independent variables along with the statistical significance. It is recommended that the governments of the
European countries and the respective agents of these countries should be made aware of learning the findings
of this study to promote their countries which can be victorious in lowering their Regional Rank of the Travel
and Tourism Competitiveness Index
Effect of chopping oil palm fruit spikelets on the free fatty acid content re...eSAT Journals
Abstract Crushed oil palm fruit bunches from the continuous sterilization system cause damages and bruising of the fruits, yielding high lipase enzyme reaction if no heating pre-treatment was carried out immediately. Thus, this study was proposed to acquire the free fatty acid content (FFA) release rate and to determine the mechanical properties of chopped oil palm fruit spikelets. The fruit spikelets were chopped by using two different methods, which were manually chopping using a knife blade and utilizing a fabricated chopper blade. Damages obtained from the manually chopped using the knife blade were classified into two categories, which were minor and major damage. The chopper blade was fixed on the Instron Machine to obtain its mechanical properties, such as rupture force, deformation at rupture, hardness and energy at the break of the fruit spikelets. The chopped fruit spikelets were stored at different storage periods ranging between 0hr to 2hr at room temperature. Extraction of palm oil was extracted using the Soxhlet extractor and the FFA content of the palm oil was determined through titration method. Results showed that the mean rupture force, deformation at rupture, hardness and energy at break required when chopping the fruit spikelets were 2781N, 45.53mm, 61.02 N/mm and 36.71J respectively. The development of FFA content was highly influenced by the damaged area of the fruits and the length of storage periods. This is due to the development of lipase enzyme activity that occurred in the damaged cells, therefore simultaneously increasing the rate of FFA content released. Key Words: Oil Palm Fruit Spikelets, Chopping Methods, Mechanical Properties, Storage Periods, Free Fatty Acid Content.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
DNA as a Biomaterial in Diagnosis of Food Adulteration and Food Safety Assura...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
This document discusses the use of DNA as a tool for ensuring food safety and quality. It describes how DNA can be isolated from various food products and used to detect adulteration and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Specifically, it discusses studies that have used DNA analysis to detect adulteration in milk, wine, oil, honey, baked goods, and meat products. It also explains how DNA analysis can identify microbial contamination in food. Overall, the document outlines how DNA-based methods provide an effective way to analyze food products and ensure they meet regulatory standards for safety and labeling.
Similar to Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers-Crimson Publishers (20)
Agroindustrial Exploitation of the Mucilage Obtained from the Nopal Cactus Op...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Agroindustrial Exploitation of the Mucilage Obtained from the Nopal Cactus Opuntia spp. Cultivated in Hydroponics by Romeo Rojas in Food Science Journal
Copper Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Stress: Problem Makers or Solvers?_ Cri...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Copper nanoparticles (NPs) have various applications but also pose environmental concerns. They can act as both problem makers and problem solvers. As problem makers, copper NPs may accumulate in the environment and cause toxicity in plants and animals over the long term. However, they also show promise as problem solvers by demonstrating antibacterial properties useful for wound dressings, and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. More research is still needed to fully understand the ecological effects of copper NP exposure and their long term impacts on human health before their widespread use can be considered safe.
Influence of Wall Material Composition on Microencapsulation Efficiency of Co...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Influence of Wall Material Composition on Microencapsulation Efficiency of Cold Pressed Pumpkin Seed Oil by Freeze-Drying by Pelin Günç Ergönül in Food Science Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the potential cancer-preventative properties of purple sweet potato (PSP) in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Mice fed diets supplemented with PSP flesh, skin, or anthocyanin-rich extract showed substantial reductions in polyp numbers of approximately two-thirds or more. The supplements were found to reduce DNA damage, inhibit NF-κB activation, and reduce expression of COX2 and iNOS, suggesting PSP may prevent colon cancer through multiple mechanisms including antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory properties. The anthocyanins in PSP appear to be the active compounds responsible for these protective effects.
Phytochemical Composition and Nutritional Properties of Non-Diary Probiotic B...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document summarizes a research study on the phytochemical composition and nutritional properties of non-dairy probiotic beverages. Key findings include:
- Probiotic beverages were produced using extracts of various fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Phytochemical analysis found the presence of cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and reducing sugars but not steroids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, or saponins.
- Proximate analysis found the beverages had high moisture content (over 96%), low levels of fat and carbohydrates, and no crude fiber. Crude protein and ash levels varied between samples.
- The
Extraction Efficiencies of Green Tea Bioactive Metabolites and their Anti-Dia...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document summarizes extraction methods for bioactive compounds from green tea and reviews the anti-diabetic effects of green tea extracts. It finds that extraction factors like temperature, time, solvent and solvent-solid ratio influence extraction yields. Various extraction techniques are compared. Studies show green tea extracts lower blood glucose and insulin resistance in mice and rats, likely due to compounds like catechins. Future research on improved extraction techniques could maximize green tea's anti-diabetic activity.
This document summarizes a study on risk factors for breast cancer in women in eastern China. The study found that breast cancer patients tended to be older, have higher BMI, be postmenopausal, and have a family history of breast cancer. Cancer patients consumed fewer soy products and more milk. No association was found between red meat consumption and cancer for the overall group. However, in urban areas, less red meat consumption was linked to higher cancer risk, possibly because urban residents choose lower-fat meat and better cooking methods. The relationship between diet, lifestyle factors, and cancer is complex, and red meat consumption alone may not determine cancer risk.
Physiological Determinants of Malnutrition in Elderly_ Crimson publishersCrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document discusses physiological determinants of malnutrition in the elderly. It begins by noting changes in body composition that occur with aging, including increases in fat mass and decreases in lean muscle mass. It then examines multiple factors that can cause poor appetite and reduced food intake in older adults, such as changes in taste/smell, dental issues, poverty, and medical/psychological conditions. It also discusses how conditions like cachexia and micronutrient deficiencies can negatively impact nutritional status. Finally, it notes how acute/chronic infections can increase metabolic demands and decrease the ability to meet those demands, potentially leading to malnutrition.
Effect of Storage on Protein Composition of Fermented Soybean (Glycine Max) S...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Effect of Storage on Protein Composition of Fermented Soybean (Glycine Max) Seed by Bacillus Subtilli by Modupe Elizabeth Ojewumi in Food Science journal
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to Late-Lactating Working Elephants in Myanmar by Ellen S Dierenfeld in Food science journal
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Blood Pressure, Age, Physical Activ...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Blood Pressure, Age, Physical Activity, and Nutritional Status in Saudi Males and Females by Tahani Aljurbua in Food Science_ Nutrition Open access Journal
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
2. How to cite this article: Innocenzo M. Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers. Nov Tech Nutri Food Sci. 1(1).
NTNF.000505. 2017.
Novel Techniques in Nutrition and Food Science
2/4
Nov Tech Nutri Food Sci
Volume 1 - Issue 1
Different olive varieties are associated with different
environmental living conditions, and are characterized by different
chemical patterns, resulting in different organoleptic properties
[5]. Some olive varieties are identified as being of higher quality
because they derive from particular ancient olive cultivars and
from well-defined geographical areas and generally are legally
protected. Indeed, the aims of the Protected Designation of Origin
(PDO), the Registered Designation of Origin (RDO) or the Protected
Geographical Indication (PGI) status,are to add value to certain
high-quality products obtained from particulars olive varieties
cultivated in a specific geographic area. Therefore, the identification
of olive genotypes used for Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) production
is essential for the final characteristics of designation oils (PDO,
RDO, IGP, etc.,) (Figure 1).
The EEC n° 2081/1992, has defined the relative contribution
of specific cultivars for every commercial oil designation. For
this reason, it is necessary to develop procedures for cultivar
identification, in order to be able to directly demonstrate that the
legally mandated cultivar composition has been respected [3].
Although, different types of analysis can be useful to
authenticate the EVOOs, conventionally assessed, analysing
the content of metabolites such as: fatty acids, triacylglycerol,
n-alkanes, volatile compounds and tocopherols [6,7], the
characterization of the genetic identity of DNA recoverable from
EVOO is the only technique that guarantees the identification of
different contributions of olive varieties to the EVOOs mixture, as
stated by each Designation Regulation. In addition, the DNA-based
technologies are not influenced by environmental conditions and
provide an opportunity for direct comparison of different genetic
materials reported in the databases. The employment of DNA-based
markers in EVOO characterisation offers a number of advantages
over biochemically-based markers such as anincreased specificity,
sensitivity and a reliable performance with highly processed
samples [1,8].
Food genomic relies on the hypothesis that remnant DNA
in a food matrix can be recovered to serve as an analyte in food
authenticity analyses [1,3]. PCR-based techniques are often
essential in order to amplify the residual DNA in a food matrix
to useful quantities for downstream analyses, but all genotyping
platforms can be utilized in food genomic analyses.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence
repeats (ISSR), simple sequence repeats (SSR) or microsatellites,
and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been proposed
to identify olive cultivars and for traceability of VOO. At present,
SSRs are the most relevant genetic markers used in olive cultivar
characterization and EVOO authenticity, thanks to their numerous
properties. Indeed, SSR markers are multiallelic, codominant,
highly polymorphic, widely distributed along the plant genomes
and easily amenable to PCR-based analyses. Moreover, they have
great reproducibility and currently, they are the most reliable DNA
profiling techniques in forensic investigation [9]. However, SSRs are
one of the most useful molecular markers in plant breeding, and
they are widely used for olive cultivar fingerprinting [10-15].
The evidence of authenticity of an oil sample claimed to be
obtained from a specific cultivar generally should reside in the
match between its microsatellite profile and the one of plants
(leaves), reported in reference databases. In this context, to
efficiently identify and analyse the unknown commercial virgin
olive oils, the development of a database, including information
about olive cultivars and olive oils based on genetic data sets,
particularly, SSR markers, becomes necessary [3,16].
However, the reliability and reproducibility of the profiles
obtained by means of molecular markers appear strictly dependent
on the quality of the DNA extracted from oil [3,17]. Therefore,
extraction and recovery of DNA from olive oil is a key and hard step
in the process, as addressed by different authors [3,17-20]. Among
these oil-based studies, there have been efforts to evaluate the
degree of similarity between oil DNA and leaf DNA [3,21-23].
In some publications, authors report discrepancies between
the results obtained from versus oils, suggesting differences in the
quality of the DNA that is extracted [3] and even going so far as to
suggest that the commercial monovarietal olive oils might contain
5-10% of oil derived from other cultivars [22]. Finally, several
reports claimed a relatively high stability of olive oil DNA during
storage [24].
The aim of this mini-review is to point out the latest innovations
from the scientific world on the main issues of the composition and
the authentication of EVOOs by means of molecular markers.
SSR Database of the Olive Germplasm
Currently, on the basis of estimates from the FAO Olive
Germplasm Plant Production and Protection Division, the world
olive germplasm contains more than 2.600 different varieties [25],
but this data could be underestimated because there is a significant
lack of information regarding minor local varieties and ecotypes
that are widespread in different olive-growing areas [11,26,27].
To date, exhaustive analyses of olive germplasm cultivated
on the main reference collections have been achieved [3]. In this
respect, several Mediterranean countries have promoted ex situ
olive germplasm collections, including Cordoba (Spain), Marrakech
(Morocco), Porquerolles (France), and Cosenza (Italy), which host
the majority of olive varieties. These efforts allowed to set up and
fill in large molecular databases, which are essential for true-to-
type cultivar identification, as well as to analyse genetic diversity
for further prospecting and for the introduction of new olive
cultivars [10-15].
To identify an unknown EVOO, a reference system becomes
necessary. However, few online databases have been developed for
olive trees (Oleaeuropaea L.), Such as Italian olive database [28],
olive genetic diversity database [29], OLEA databases [30] and
Istrian olive database [31]. In each database, all SSR molecular
profiles of various olive varieties cultivated in their respective
3. Novel Techniques in Nutrition and Food Science
How to cite this article: Innocenzo M. Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers. Nov Tech Nutri Food Sci. 1(1).
NTNF.000505. 2017.
3/4
Nov Tech Nutri Food Sci
Volume 1 - Issue 1
ex-situ collections are reported. In some databasesit is possible
to query for cultivars corresponding to a specific data profile or,
on the contrary, to search for the variety identity when a profile
is available. To date, the number of SSR profiles described in the
database is: 489 in Italian olive database [13], 200 in olive genetic
diversity database [11], 80 in OLEA databases [26] and 13 in Istrian
olive database [32], although many other databases are not open
access.
Recovery of DNA from EVOO
The first report present on public databases (SCOPUS, Web of
knowledge, Pubmed) about the traceability of olive oils by means of
molecular markers was Muzzalupo and Perri [33]. Since then many
progress has been made, but others are still to be accomplished. In
any case very important is the quantity and quality of the residual
DNA in the olive oils.
DNA extracted from olive oil can be highly degraded and
contaminated with inhibitors of the PCR reaction, which limit the
applicability of DNA genetic markers to the traceability of olive oil
[3,22,34]. This drawback could be overcome by improving the DNA
isolation method and by optimizing the amplification system.
In recent years, many papers dealing with the development
of new protocols [17,19,21,35] or the comparison of different
methods to find an adequate approach [3,20]. Scollo [20] applied
droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to quantify the DNA recovered from
oil by applying different methods. The authors demonstrated that
the methods could modify the quantity/quality of recovered DNA
and overall reproducibility. The ddPCR is an endpoint PCR [20,36],
enabling the quantification of DNA irrespective of the efficiency of
the PCR.The efficiency of the PCR can be influenced by the presence
ofinhibitorswhosepresencecanresultinthelackofreproducibility.
Very recently, the purification of extracted DNA by excision
of the less degraded fragments from agarose gel and subsequent
electro elution has been proposed, [17], whereas another approach
proposed to totally by-pass the DNA extraction step by exploiting
a DNA polymerase. In the last case, the DNA polymerase (KAPA3G
Plant DNA polymerase, Kapa Biosystems, Inc., Boston, MA, USA)
was able to tolerate PCR inhibitors applied directly on crude
oil [18]. These latest molecular results may be used to mark the
origin for the olive oils produced by these varieties. In addition,
by contributing to a better understanding of cultivated olive
germplasm relationships, molecular results can provide useful
information for cultural purposes, aimed to preserve the cultural
and historical heritage, represented by ancient olive trees [37].
The need of further working towards the quantification of varietal
composition, by taking advantage of the great potential of HRM
and qRT-PCR techniques and the most recent omics technologies,
remains in the near future [38,39].
Concluding Remark
In the olive oil industry, the identification process of
EVOO varieties is very interesting with numerous commercial
implications. The possibility of providing a market food product
with a genetic fingerprint is undoubtedly a benefit, especially if we
consider the issue of counterfeit food products around the world.
The comparing between the molecular SSR profiles, obtained
from the EVOO by using a DNA polymerase able to tolerate PCR
inhibitors and the same loci present in an online molecular
databases, allows establishing the origin olive varieties and the
respect for the disciplinary of production (POD, RDO, PGI, etc.,).In
Italy, some laboratories already work on this certification and by
computerizing the molecular profiles obtained from the EVOO, can
process an “identity card” containing the commercial information
and the molecular footprint of the oil. This “identity card” can be
inserted into a barcode or QR code or microchips on the labels or
bottle caps and it can be consulted by a smartphone.
Furthermore, the experimental procedures described in this
mini-review are a strategic and advantageously easy tool, available
for his fraud repression sector to speed up checks on fraud and food
adulteration and therefore improve consumer protection. These
results are also in line with the latest rules issued by the European
Union and International Institutions (eg. Nagoya Protocol) aimed to
save the genetic resources and other niche products.
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