Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by delusions, incoherence, hallucinations, and physical agitation. It is classified as a thought disorder rather than a mood disorder like bipolar syndrome. Doctors diagnose schizophrenia through interviews, observing social behaviors, and medical tests. Treatment involves therapy to improve life and social skills, medication in acute and maintenance phases, and electroconvulsive therapy for severe cases not helped by other methods.