Brain tumors are abnormal growths in the brain or meninges, presenting symptoms like headaches, visual changes, or neurological deficits. Risk factors include family history, age, race, and exposure to radiation, with diagnoses commonly made through MRI or CT scans. Treatments involve medical management for symptoms, external beam radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, and various surgical procedures aimed at tumor resection.

1. BRAIN
TUMOR
Ms. Saili Gaude
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2. Brain tumors are neoplastic growths of the brain or
meninges. These tumors may be characterized by
vague
symptoms such as headache or visual changes or by
focal
neurological deficits such as hemiparesis or seizures.
INTRODUCTION
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3. Causes/Risk factors
Caused by abnormal growth of cells.
Though the cause is not fully understood,
many risk factors can lead to brain tumor
or cancer
Family history
Age and race
Exposure to chemicals or
radiation
5-10% cancers are hereditary
Older people, causcasians, African
Americans
They both pose a risk
History of chicken pox decreases
risk of brain tumor
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4. Types
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5. Types
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8. SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of a brain tumor are
directly related to the
location of the tumor in the brain
and to the rate of growth.
symptoms of
brain tumor
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9. Diagnostic tests involve the intravenous administration
of contrast material and is much less
invasive than a traditional angiogram.
MRI
CT SCAN
ANGIOGRAM
gives the clearest images of a
brain tumor
because it is cheaper and fast
If the tumor appears to be highly
vascular or in close proximity to
major blood vessels, an
angiogram may be performed.
MRI ANGIOGRAM
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10. TREATMENT
Medical management - symptomatic relief
1.Anticonvulsants for seizures
2.Corticosteroids for cerebral edema
3.Analgesics for pain
4.Antiemetics for vomitting
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11. External beam radiation therapy is standard treatment for many
patients with a brain tumor. The therapy is typically given 5 days
a week for 6 weeks.
Brachytherapy is a means of delivering radiation therapy directly
to the tumor. Small catheters are implanted in the tumor and
then tiny radioactive particles are inserted into the catheters. The
treatment typically takes 3 to 5 days.
Radiation therapy
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12. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a technique that utilizes
small amounts of radiation directed at the tumor from
different
angles.
A metal frame is affixed to the patient’s skull,
and the tumor is visualized within the framework on a CT or
MRI.
A computer plan is generated to direct the radiation.
Because multiple small sources are used, the normal brain
tissue receives very little radiation while the majority of the
radiation accumulates in the tumor.
Stereotactic radiosurgery
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13. The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism that
prevents many injurious substances from reaching brain
tissue.
Unfortunately, it is also effective in preventing most
chemotherapeutic agents from reaching the brain. To
penetrate
the blood-brain barrier, very large doses of chemotherapy
may be required.
Chemotherapy
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14. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
1.CRANIOTOMY
Craniotomy refers to any surgical opening in the
skull. A burr hole is an opening into the cranium made
with a drill.
2. CRANIECTOMY
Craniectomy is the term used to describe removal of part
of the cranial bone.
3. CRANIOPLASTY
Cranioplasty refers to repair of bone or use of a
prosthesis to replace bone following surgery.
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15. SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
The goal of intracranial tumor surgery for a tumor is
gross total resection of the tumor. This involves removal of
all visible tumor, called debulking. Even with the use of an
operative microscope, there may be viable tumor cells left
behind that can give rise to recurrence.
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16. THANK YOU
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