This presentation provides an overview of brain tumors. It defines a brain tumor as a localized growth within the skull that occupies space. The presentation discusses the epidemiology of brain tumors in India, related brain anatomy, types of brain tumors by tissue of origin and characteristics, etiology and risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations depending on location, diagnostic studies, management including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and nursing management focusing on assessment, diagnoses, planning, and interventions to control increased intracranial pressure and neurological symptoms.
Brain tumor is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among human beings. In this chapter, fundamental principles, concepts related to brain tumors and related management are explored. Nurses provide sensitive, supportive care to the patient and family.
Brain tumor is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among human beings. In this chapter, fundamental principles, concepts related to brain tumors and related management are explored. Nurses provide sensitive, supportive care to the patient and family.
you will learn about brain tumor, types of brain tumor, grading of brain tumor, risk factors for brain tumor, diagnosis for brain tumor, treatment for brain tumor, supportive care and rehabilitation for patients with brain tumor.
General Basic knowledge of Brain tumour explained in brief of classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, CT, MRI, management, Radiotherapy. Best for MBBS and PG preparation student.
Primary brain tumours are a diverse group of neoplasm arising from different cells of the central nervous system.
It accounts for about 2% of all cancers with an overall annual incidence of 22 per 1,00,000 population.
Most common brain tumour in adults is Brain Metastasis.
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT IN CEREBRAL PALSY.pptxStutiGaikwad5
Physiotherapy management in Cerebral palsy is a vast topic to study and learn so here is a presentation in which all aspects have been tried to be covered. As it is essential for the children with cerebral palsy to be able to function with minimum dependence it becomes important for the therapists along with the caregivers to be aware of all the knowledge about what can be done further for the rehabilitation for this population. All the prerequisites and individual need of each patient might differ with age group and the severity of impairment. So specific goals both long term and short term need to be the focus of treatment planning. Each session requires evaluation and planning skills so to aid the child with the optimum treatment.
Brain cancer can have a wide variety of symptoms including seizures, sleepiness, confusion, and behavioral changes. Not all brain tumors are cancerous, and benign tumors can result in similar symptoms.
Diagnostic tests for brain cancer involve a history, physical exam, and usually a CT or MRI brain imaging procedure; sometimes a brain tissue biopsy is done.
Treatments usually are directed by a team of doctors and are designed for the individual patient; treatments may include surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, often in combination.
Side effects of treatments range from mild to severe, and patients need to discuss plans with their treatment team members to clearly understand potential side effects and their prognosis (outcomes).
Presented by Mr B.Kalyankumar Msc (N) Dept Of MSN
Neurofibromatosis cannot be prevented. People with a family history of the disease may choose to undergo genetic testing and counseling to determine if they are at risk for transmitting NF to their offspring.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
you will learn about brain tumor, types of brain tumor, grading of brain tumor, risk factors for brain tumor, diagnosis for brain tumor, treatment for brain tumor, supportive care and rehabilitation for patients with brain tumor.
General Basic knowledge of Brain tumour explained in brief of classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, CT, MRI, management, Radiotherapy. Best for MBBS and PG preparation student.
Primary brain tumours are a diverse group of neoplasm arising from different cells of the central nervous system.
It accounts for about 2% of all cancers with an overall annual incidence of 22 per 1,00,000 population.
Most common brain tumour in adults is Brain Metastasis.
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT IN CEREBRAL PALSY.pptxStutiGaikwad5
Physiotherapy management in Cerebral palsy is a vast topic to study and learn so here is a presentation in which all aspects have been tried to be covered. As it is essential for the children with cerebral palsy to be able to function with minimum dependence it becomes important for the therapists along with the caregivers to be aware of all the knowledge about what can be done further for the rehabilitation for this population. All the prerequisites and individual need of each patient might differ with age group and the severity of impairment. So specific goals both long term and short term need to be the focus of treatment planning. Each session requires evaluation and planning skills so to aid the child with the optimum treatment.
Brain cancer can have a wide variety of symptoms including seizures, sleepiness, confusion, and behavioral changes. Not all brain tumors are cancerous, and benign tumors can result in similar symptoms.
Diagnostic tests for brain cancer involve a history, physical exam, and usually a CT or MRI brain imaging procedure; sometimes a brain tissue biopsy is done.
Treatments usually are directed by a team of doctors and are designed for the individual patient; treatments may include surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, often in combination.
Side effects of treatments range from mild to severe, and patients need to discuss plans with their treatment team members to clearly understand potential side effects and their prognosis (outcomes).
Presented by Mr B.Kalyankumar Msc (N) Dept Of MSN
Neurofibromatosis cannot be prevented. People with a family history of the disease may choose to undergo genetic testing and counseling to determine if they are at risk for transmitting NF to their offspring.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. DEFINITION
Brain tumor is a localized intra cranial lesion that
occupies a space within the skull .Tumor usually
grows as spherical mass but they can grow diffusely
and infiltrate tissue.
4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
In India incidence rate is 3 -4 per 100000 persons per year
The brain is a frequent site for metastasis from other sites
.The 5 years survival rate of primary brain tumours are
approximately 36%
Male have slightly higher incidence of brain tumour.
Commonly seen in middle aged persons
5. RELATED ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Brain
It is the largest organ of the body it coordinates
most body activities
The brain contains in a skull and weight 1300-
1400gm
Brain is covered by meninges, outer duramater
,middle aracnoidmater & inner piamater
6. VENTRICLES OF BRAIN
There are certain cavities in the brain called as ventricles
These Ventricles are filled with csf
There are 4 ventricles of the brain
Two lateral ventricles in two hemispheres of the brain,3rd
lies between hypothalamus and thalamus ,4th between
brain stem and cerebellum.
7. PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem Diencephalon
Right
cerebral
hemispher
e
Left
cerebral
hemispher
e
• Medulla
• Pons
• Mid brain
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Epithalamus and
pineal gland
8.
9. TYPES
Brain tumor can occur any site of the brain .
Primary brain tumor originated from the cell and
structures within the brain.
Secondary brain tumor develop from structures
outside the brain.
10. TYPE TISSU OF
ORIGIN
CHARACTER-
ISTICS
Gilomas
• Astrocytoma
Support tissue,gilal cell
and astrocytes
Low to Moderate grade
malignancy
Glioblastoma Primitive stem cell • Highly malignant and
invasive
Oligodendroma Oligodendrocytes Beinign
Epiendymoma Epiendymal epithelium Benign to highly
malignant
Medulloblastoma Primitive neuroticdermal
cell
Highly malignant and
invasive
11. TYPE TISSUE OF
ORIGIN
CHARACTERI
STICS
Meningioma Meninges Benign/Malignant
Acoustics neuroma Cells that form myelin
sheath around nervous
system commonly affect
cranial nerve viii
• Many grow both sides
of the brain
• Benign/low grade
malignant
Hemangioblastoma Blood vessels of brain Rare & Benign
Primary central nervous
system lymphoma
Lymphocytes Increased incidence in
transplant recipients and AIDS
Pituitary adenoma Pituitary gland Benign
Metastatic tumor Lungs ,Tumor Malignant
12. ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
Often unknown
Familial tendency
Immuno Immuno suppression
Environmental risk factors
Injury
Viruses
Ionizing radiation
Errors in fetal development
16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
The clinical manifestations of brain tumor depends
mainly on their location and size.
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
Frontal lobe (Unilateral) - uni lateral
hemiplegia,seizures,memory deficit,personality
and judgement changes visual disturbances.
17. FRONTAL LOBE (BILATERAL) : Symptoms associated with
unilateral frontal lobe tumor
Occipital lobe : vission disturbances and seizures
Temporal lobe : few symptoms,seizures,dysphagia
Subcortical tumors- Hemiplegia ,other symptoms may
depend on the area of infiltration
Metastatic tumors – headache,nausea,vomiting,increased
ICP
18. Thalamus tumors - headache,nausea,vision
disturbances,papilledema and hystagmns occur from increased
Fourth ventricle and cerebellar tumors- headache,nausea
,papilledema from increased ICP
, diabetes incipidus may occur
Cerebellopontine tumors – tinnitus &vertigo,deafness
Brainstem tumors- headache on
awakening,drowsiness,vomiting,facial muscle weakness,hearing
loss,dysphagia,visual changes
25. NURSING ASSESSMENT
Neurological assessment should be done,patient’s
motor abilities &sensory perception,integrated
function &balance should be assessed
Coping abilities of the patient,caregivers &family
also be assessed
All initial baselines data should be collected
26. Question about the medical history,intellectual
abilities and educational level and his of nervous
system infection and trauma should be assessed
Presence of seizures,syncope,nausea and
vomiting,headache should be determine.
27. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion related to cerebral
edema
Acute pain related to cerebral edema and increased ICP
Anxiety related to diagnosis and treatment
Potential complications,seizures related to tumor and failure
Increased ICP related to tumor and failure of the normal
compensatory mechanism.
28. PLANNING
Maintain normal ICP
Minimize neurologic functioning
Achieve control of pain and discomfort
Be aware of long term implication with
respect to prognosis and cognitive
&physical functioning.
29. NURSING INTERVENTION:
1. General measures-
Identification of the behavioral changes
Protecting the patient from self harm
Use realoty orientation for the confused patient
Seizure precautions
Alteration of mobility should be managed
Establishing a common communication system
Healthly nutritional status maintenance
30. PRE OPARATIVE NURSING CARE:
Baseline data should be collected
Treatment procedures explained fully
If hair is shaved ,give it to the patient and family
An antiseptic shampoo may be ordered at the night
before surgery
Family is prepared for appearance of patient after
surgery
31. POST OPARATIVE NURSING CARE :
Perform monitoring
Promote mobility
Promote decreased intracranial pressure
Protect safety of patients
Promote electrolyte balance
Promote comfort
32. EVALUATIONS
Achieve control of pain,vomiting and other
discomfort
Maintain ICP within normal limit
Demonstrate normal neurological function
Accept long term the long term consequences
of the tumor and its treatment.
