This document is a student project on soil pollution submitted to Dr. Rekha Arya. It defines soil and soil pollution, and discusses the main causes of soil pollution as landfills, industrial waste, deforestation, and fertilizers and pesticides. It describes how each of these causes soil pollution and their effects on human health, animal life, agriculture, and urban areas. Finally, it presents some control measures that can be taken, such as reducing chemical usage, using biofertilizers and biopesiticides, organic farming, afforestation, reducing construction waste, and following the 4Rs of refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle.

1. Submitted To : Dr. Rekha Arya
Submitted By : Pragati
Class : B. Sc. Final year
2020-21
Botany Project.
Topic : Soil Pollution.

3. Contents..
What is soil..?
What is soil pollution..?
Causes.
Effects .
Methods to control.

4. What is soil..?
Soil is the thin layer of
organic and inorganic
materials that covers
the earth’s rocky
surface.

5. Soil Pollution..
Soil pollution is
defined as the
presence of toxic and
chemicals in soil.

6. How is it caused..?
It is mostly caused by mindless
human activities such as :
1. Landfills
2. Industrial wastes
3. Deforestation
4. Fertilizers and Pesticides

7. 1. Landfills..
A landfill is a place
where waste is
kept. Once the
waste is crushed
into very small
pieces, it is
buried, but
without oxygen, a
dangerous gas
called methane is
created.

8. How to landfills affects soil..?
Landfills destroy the soil and land
area. The upper layer of the soil is
damaged, distorting soil fertility
and activity and affecting plant
life.

9. 2.Industrial wastes..
Industrial waste is
the waste produced
by industrial activity
which includes any
material that is rendered
useless during a
manufacturing process .
Industrial waste may be
solid, semi-solid or liquid
in form.

10. How do industrial waste
affects soil..?
All wastes dumped on soil surfaces
by industries tend to change the physical,
chemical, and biological nature of soil and
thus contribute a large amount of toxic
substances.

11. 3.Deforestation..
Deforestation can
be defined as the
large-scale
removal of trees
from forests (or
other lands).

12. How to deforestation affects soil..?
The loss of trees, which anchor
the soil with their
roots, causes widespread
erosion throughout the tropics.

13. Fertilizers and pesticides..
Chemical Fertilizers:-
Fertilizers are chemical
substances supplied to the
crops to increase their
productivity. These are used
by the farmers to increase
the crop yield.

14. Fertilizers and Pesticides..
Pesticides:-
Organic pesticides
are substances
meant for
preventing,
destroying or
mitigating any
pests.

15. How to fertilizers and pesticides Affects
Soil..?
Fertilizers harm the microbes present
in soil.
Fertilizers reduce the soil fertility.
The action of pesticides not only kill
the desired harmful pests but also kills
beneficial pollinating insects.

16. Effects of Soil Pollution on Humans Health..
Causes cancers including leukemia.
Mercury can increase the risk of
kidney damage.
Also cause headaches , eye
irritation and skin rashes.

17. Effects of soil pollution on animals life..
Soil pollution can negatively affect the
metabolism of micro organisms and
arthropods, which can destroy some
layers of the primary food chain and
have a harmful effect on
predator animal species.

18. Effects on Agriculture…..
Decrease soil fertility.
Reduced crop yield.
Larger loss of soil and nutrients.
Reduced nitrogen fixation.

19. Effects in Urban Areas..
 Clogging of drains.
 Inundation of areas.
Foul smell and release of gases.
 Waste management problems.

20. CONTROL MEASURES..
 Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.
 Use of bio fertilizer , bio pesticides.
 Organic farming.
 Afforestation and Reforestation.
 Reduction of waste from construction
areas.
 Four R’s :- Refuse , Reduce , Reuse , and
Recycle.

21. “THANK
YOU”