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1. Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the
environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2. SOURCE OF POLLUTION
 The main sources of pollution
are household activities, factories,
agriculture and transport. Once they
have been released into the
environment, the concentration of
some pollutants is reduced by
dispersion, dilution, deposition or
degradation.

3. 3. Air
Pollution
2. Water Pollution
1. Soil Pollution
4.Marine Pollution

4. SOIL POLLUTION
 Soil pollution is defined as the "adding of substances to the soil that
has a negative impact on the physical, chemical, and biological aspects
of the soil and lowers its productivity".
 It's a build-up of poisonous compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive
materials, or disease-causing agents in the soil that harm plant
development and human and animal health.

5. Causes of soil pollution
•Soil pollution can be caused by the followings
• Accidental spills
• Acid rain (which is caused by air pollution)
• Intensive farming
• Deforestation
• Genetically modified plants
• Nuclear wastes
• Industrial accidents
• Landfill and illegal dumping
• Land erosion
• Agricultural practices, such as application of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
• Mining and other industries
• Oil and fuel dumping

6. Effects of soil pollution
Effect on health of humans:
Considering how soil is the reason we are able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has
major consequences on our health.
Effect on growth of plants:
The ecological balance of any system gets affected due to the widespread contamination of the
soil.
Decreased soil fertility:
The toxic chemicals present in the soil can decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the
soil yield.
Toxic dust:
The emission of toxic and foul gases from landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious
effects on health of some people.
Changes in soil structure:
The death of many soil organisms (e.g. earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil
structure

7. Prevention and control measures of soil pollution
The following measures should be taken to prevention of soil pollution
1. Use of pesticides should be minimized.
2. Use of fertilizers should be judicious.
3. Cropping techniques should be improved to prevent growth of
weeds.
4. Special pits should be selected for dumping wastes.
5. Controlled grazing and forest management.
6. Wind breaks and wind shield in areas exposed to wind erosion.
7. Planning of soil binding grasses along banks and slopes prone to
rapid erosion.