soil pollution

2. 04/08/17 2
TOPIC
> Hygienic and epidemiological
importance of soil, pollution of
soil and self cleaning. Research
methods of soil. The decision of
situational problems.

3. SOIL-
Soil is dynamic natural body composed of
mineral matter and organic matter and living
forms in which plant grows.
POLLUTION-
An undesirable change in the physical chemical
or biological characteristics of air, water or soil.
SOIL POLLUTION-
The undesirable change in physical, chemical
and biological characteristics of soil, which are
harmful for all living beings.

4. 1) Agricultural pesticides
2) Disposal of solid wastes on land
3) Mining activities
4) Biological agents
5) Radioactive pollutants
6) Heavy metal pollutants

5.  The use of inorganic nutrients for a long time
gradually declines the soil fertility.
 The intensive inappropriate tillage practices lowers
the capability of soil.

6.  The solid wastes are mostly generated from
industrial, domestic and urban and agricultural
sources.
 The solid wastes generated in indian cities mainly
contains sludge, glass materials, metallic cans,
fibres, waste paper, packing materials, leather.

7.  The top layer of soil is generally damaged or
destroyed during both shaft and strip mining
practices.
 The uncontrolled mine fires may also destroy the
productivity of the areas near mines.

8.  The major sources of biological agents causing soil
pollution are human excreta, animal and bird excreta,
muncipal wastes, faulty sanitation.
 The industrial parasites are among the most
threatening biological agents.

9.  Huge amounts of radio-active substances result
from nuclear device explosion, nuclear testing
laborateries, nuclear power plants and weapons.
 All these are responsible for enhancing soil
pollution.

10.  Heavy metals in soil are basically due to industrial
discharges.
 Certain heavy metals eg. Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb are
also present in significant levels in sewage sludge
and reach the soil where they become part of life
cycle and affects adversly.

11. 1. Soil fertility is adversely affected if pesticide
remain in soil for longer period.
2. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticide chemicals
does not allow microbial flora and fauna in soil to
flourish.
3. Excessive use of nitrogen and phosphatic fertilizer
makes the soil deficient in other micronutrients
like Zn, Co etc. and causes nutrition imbalance.
4. Pesticides like DDT, dieldrin etc.are known to
seep graduallythrough soil into ground water and
thus contaminate public drinking water supplies.

12. 5. People in contact with pesticides are extremely prone
to get poisoned.
6. Some of the industrial wastes are extremely toxic for
organisms.
7. Solid urban wastes and industrial wastes produce foul
and offensive odour.
8. Heavy metals and other toxic substances can destroy
benefecial microorganisms of the soil.
9. Radioactive pollutants can cause a number of
undesirable disease of digestive system if they enter
our body through food chain.

13. 1. Adoption of sustainable agriculture having
organic farming and use of biofertilizers,
biointegrated pest management and proper
water management, composting etc.
2. Adoption of suitable and proper industrial
and urban wastes management.
3. Adequate controlled use of heavy metal and
toxic substances.
4. Non-biodegradable wastes can be recycled
and used again
5. Biomedical wastes should be carefully
disposed off so that it does not create any
health hazard.

14. THANK YOU….