ikatan ion terbentuk melalui proses derma dan terima elektron.Atom menderma/menerima elektron untuk membentuk ion di mana susunan elektron bagi ion adalah duplet/oktet (stabil).Susunan elektron ini adalah sama dengan susunan elektron bagi gas nadir.Daya elektrostatik yang kuat menarik kation dan anion untuk datang dekat dan membentuk sebation ion.
ikatan ion terbentuk melalui proses derma dan terima elektron.Atom menderma/menerima elektron untuk membentuk ion di mana susunan elektron bagi ion adalah duplet/oktet (stabil).Susunan elektron ini adalah sama dengan susunan elektron bagi gas nadir.Daya elektrostatik yang kuat menarik kation dan anion untuk datang dekat dan membentuk sebation ion.
The document describes the chemical reactions of carbon compounds. It shows the reactions of starch through hydrolysis and fermentation to produce glucose and ethanol. It then demonstrates reactions such as esterification, oxidation, addition, substitution, polymerization and dehydration that can be performed on ethanol and ethylene to produce different carbon compounds such as ethyl ethanoate, chloroethane, ethene, polyethene and 1,2-dichloroethane.
Control and coordination are essential in living organisms. The nervous system provides control and coordination in animals through receptors, nerves, and the brain and spinal cord. In plants, coordination occurs through growth-dependent and independent movements like tropisms and nastic movements in response to stimuli. Hormones play a key role in homeostasis, growth, and development in both animals and plants through feedback mechanisms.
The document describes the chemical reactions of carbon compounds. It shows the reactions of starch through hydrolysis and fermentation to produce glucose and ethanol. It then demonstrates reactions such as esterification, oxidation, addition, substitution, polymerization and dehydration that can be performed on ethanol and ethylene to produce different carbon compounds such as ethyl ethanoate, chloroethane, ethene, polyethene and 1,2-dichloroethane.
Control and coordination are essential in living organisms. The nervous system provides control and coordination in animals through receptors, nerves, and the brain and spinal cord. In plants, coordination occurs through growth-dependent and independent movements like tropisms and nastic movements in response to stimuli. Hormones play a key role in homeostasis, growth, and development in both animals and plants through feedback mechanisms.
Here are the steps to write a number in standard form:
1. Locate the decimal point in the number.
2. Move the decimal point so that the number is greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10.
3. Count how many places the decimal was moved. If it was moved to the left, the exponent is positive. If it was moved to the right, the exponent is negative.
4. Write the number as the coefficient (the number with 1-9) and 10 with the exponent determined in step 3.
For example:
0.00045 would be written as 4.5 × 10-4
Since the decimal was moved 3 places to the right,
control system in humans, neurons, types of neurons, nerves, human nervous system, CNS, PNS, ANS, Brain, parts of brain, spinal cord, functions of spinal cord, reflex arc, PNS, ANS,
1) Oxidative phosphorylation uses electron transport chain complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. As electrons are passed through Complexes I-IV, protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space, building an electrochemical gradient.
2) Protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in the matrix. The electron carriers, including ubiquinone and cytochrome c, shuttle electrons and protons between the complexes.
3) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, being reduced to water along with protons in Complex IV. This chemiosmotic mechanism couples electron transport to ATP synthesis via the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Organisms detect changes in their internal and external environments using specialized sensory receptors. These receptors detect stimuli like pressure, light, sound, temperature and chemicals. The stimuli are transmitted by sensory neurons to the central nervous system which coordinates the organism's response. Key sensory receptors include mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors and pain receptors. Sensory information is processed to elicit either involuntary or voluntary responses for maintaining homeostasis.
1) An organic compound is composed of carbon and other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
2) Organic compounds can be nonpolar, polar, or both. They often contain functional groups like hydroxyl groups.
3) Macromolecules in living things are made of monomers that polymerize through dehydration reactions and can be broken down through hydrolysis reactions.
Epithelial tissues line body surfaces and cavities. They are made of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers separated from underlying tissues by a basement membrane. Epithelial tissues are classified as simple with one cell layer, or stratified with two or more cell layers. Simple epithelia include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar types defined by cell shape and location in organs like skin, lungs, kidneys, and intestines. Stratified epithelia have multiple layers of flat, scaly surface cells and line areas like skin and mouth.
This document contains a 10 question quiz about force and laws of motion. It provides feedback indicating whether answers are correct or incorrect, and directs the user to the content section or next question accordingly. The questions cover topics like inertia, Newton's laws of motion, units of force, and action-reaction forces.
Control and coordination in animals occurs through the nervous system and endocrine system, while in plants it occurs through phytohormones. The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The endocrine system includes glands like the adrenal, thyroid, pituitary, pancreas, testes, and ovary. In plants, phytohormones like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid, ethylene help with functions like cell division, fruit formation, wilting, and flowering.
15,000,000,000 jellybeans are produced each year for the Easter holiday. One individual gold atom is 0.000000006 inches in diameter. The document discusses scientific notation as an alternative way to write large and small numbers. Scientific notation expresses numbers as the product of a coefficient and 10 to a power.
Organisms adapt to their environments in order to survive and reproduce. Adaptations can be structural, such as frogs adapting to live on land and in water or rose bushes growing thorns to protect themselves from predators. Frogs are cold-blooded and found in a variety of climates while rose bushes grow thorns modified from leaves to deter animals from eating their foliage. Adaptations help organisms find suitable habitats and protect themselves against threats in their environments.
The document schedules student lab times for various subjects like Library, Java Lab, and New Lab between Tuesday November 13th and Friday November 16th. It lists students' names with their assigned lab location and time slot. A second table provides the time slots available for lab sessions on Thursday and Friday.
This document discusses different states of matter and concepts of thermal physics. It begins by defining the four states of matter as solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas. It then discusses microscopic and macroscopic properties of different states. Microscopically, particles have kinetic and potential energy that changes between states. Macroscopically, states have different properties like shape, volume, and density. Phase changes occur when enough energy is added or removed to allow particles to overcome intermolecular forces. Temperature is also discussed at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels.
Fats are composed of glycerol bonded to three fatty acid molecules. Fats can be saturated or unsaturated depending on whether the fatty acids contain single or double carbon bonds. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature as found in animal fats, while unsaturated fats from plants are usually liquid. Unsaturated fats can be made more saturated through hydrogenation, which adds hydrogen to break double bonds. Fats provide energy, aid nutrient absorption, cushion organs, and help regulate body temperature, but saturated fats raise cholesterol levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases.
The document provides information about job interview skills presented by Dr. B. Victor, a retired biology teacher and currently head of department of biotech. It discusses various types of interviews, their objectives and importance. It lists qualities important for interviewees such as punctuality, communication skills, listening skills and leadership qualities. The document also describes the interview process and formats, types of questions asked, dos and don'ts as well as how to respond to difficult questions in an interview.
carbon and its compound by Gagan prasadGagan Prasad
Gagan Prasad completed a PowerPoint presentation about carbon and its compounds under the guidance of Miss Anshu. The presentation covered the basic properties of carbon, different allotropes of carbon including graphite and diamond, hydrocarbon classifications including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, functional groups in organic chemistry, and examples of alkanes from methane to hexane. The document provided information on the fundamental chemistry concepts relating to carbon.
This is PPT on Evolution. This is just and introductory PPT. Soon There will be a PPT with much more on Evolution. Hope That you all like it. please like and share. each like Counts.
Free Trilingual eBook ~ Jataka Tales with Moral Lessons pdf.pdfOH TEIK BIN
A free trilingual eBook comprising 5 PowerPoint presentations of meaningful Buddhist stories that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English, Chinese & Malay.
(For other free eBooks, you can check out:
(对于其他免费电子书,您可以查看:
www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents )