The document discusses the Bombay duck fish, including its etymology, biology, ecology, fisheries and management. Some key points:
- The origin of the term "Bombay duck" is uncertain but likely relates to its transportation and smell on trains from Bombay.
- It is a small, soft-bodied fish found along the coasts of India, Bangladesh and other parts of South Asia.
- A voracious carnivore, it feeds mainly on fish and crustaceans. Fisheries are important along certain coasts but catches can fluctuate annually.
- Management efforts include regulating mesh sizes to protect juveniles and exploring spawning areas to better understand population dynamics.
This file contains hilsa fishery ,hilsa fishery of bay of bengal ,marine fisheries conservation and management ,objectives of hilsa fishery study ,route and abundance of hilsa (tenualosa ilisha) ,migratory pattern ,route and abundance of hilsa shad ,spawning grounds ,hilsa fishery management, feeding and growing grounds e.t.c
This file contains hilsa fishery ,hilsa fishery of bay of bengal ,marine fisheries conservation and management ,objectives of hilsa fishery study ,route and abundance of hilsa (tenualosa ilisha) ,migratory pattern ,route and abundance of hilsa shad ,spawning grounds ,hilsa fishery management, feeding and growing grounds e.t.c
Fish Tagging methods used to monitor fish populations are movement mapping, or tracking, and mark and recapture. Tracking is a process in which marine biologists and resource managers use technology to tag fish and map their movements.
Marine fisheries resources and marine species of India.pdfB. BHASKAR
ICAR-CMFRI Scientific and contributions in Marine Fisheries Resources management studies along the Indian coast, special focus on Fisheries resources and marine species identification
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Introduction to Riverine systems in India, Origin hills, East and West coast riverine systems, tributaries of major rivers, length, catchment areas and Ichthyo-faunal diversity and major fisheries of riverine systems
Fish Tagging methods used to monitor fish populations are movement mapping, or tracking, and mark and recapture. Tracking is a process in which marine biologists and resource managers use technology to tag fish and map their movements.
Marine fisheries resources and marine species of India.pdfB. BHASKAR
ICAR-CMFRI Scientific and contributions in Marine Fisheries Resources management studies along the Indian coast, special focus on Fisheries resources and marine species identification
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Introduction to Riverine systems in India, Origin hills, East and West coast riverine systems, tributaries of major rivers, length, catchment areas and Ichthyo-faunal diversity and major fisheries of riverine systems
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Flatfishes are the common name of the order Pleuronectiformes. The characteristic features of flatfishes are their asymmetry, mainly their eyes, both eyes on the same side of the head in juveniles and adults.
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What is biodiversity?
Father of biodiversity- E.O. Wilson.
The term ‘biodiversity’’ encompasses the variety of all life forms on earth.
Define biodiversity –
‘’ Biodiversity include of the particular area may be living organisms (plant and animal) called biodiversity ’’.
• Simple words in can be defined as the biodiversity .
“Variety, variability b/w genes, spp. and ecosystem”.
Define fish diversity –
“Fish Species diversity is defined as the number of species and abundance of each species that live in a particular location”.
The number of species that live in a particular location is called species richness.
India is one of the 17 mega biodiversity countries having four biodiversity hotspots namely the Western Ghats, eastern Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Sundaland that are included amongst the top ten most important hotspots in the world.
It also has rich freshwater(rivers, irrigationcanals,tanks, lakes,reservoirs) fish diversity.
Which living organisms–
All living organism in world 7.4 billion.
Fish Biodiversity in world-
World harbour total of 33059 spp. 4258 genera, 482 families about 58 % Marine water, 41% Fresh water and 1% migrants.
2-Fisheries resource of India –
India blessed with huge aquatic resources with 29,000 km of rivers, 0.3 million ha of estuaries, 0.9 million ha of back waters and lagoons, 3.15 million ha of reservoirs, 0.2 million ha of floodplain wetlands, 0.72 million ha of upland lakes and 2.02 million km sq area of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) surrounding the seas,8129 km of coast line, which includes those of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands.
The seas surrounding the country, 14 major rivers, 44 medium rivers and innumerable small rivers and other inland water bodies provide one of the richest faunastic resources of the world.
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The world’s fisheries provide about 2.6 billion people with at least 20 per cent of their average annual per capita protein intake (FAO, 2007).In india clupeids are the major fish resource.This presentation deals about fisheries aspects of some clupeid varieties except sardines in India.
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LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
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3. The origin of the term "Bombay duck" is uncertain. One
popular etymology relates to railroads..When the rail links
started on the Indian sub-continent, people from the eastern
Bengal were made aware of the large availability of the locally
prized fish on India's western coasts and began importing
them via the railways. Since the smell of the dried fish was
overpowering, its transportation was later consigned to the
'Mail' Train. The mail train — the Bombay Mail or the Bombay
Daak — thus reeked of the fish smell and 'You smell like the
Bombay Duck', was a common term in use in the days of the
British Raj. In Bombay, the local English speakers then called it
so, but it was eventually corrupted into "Bombay duck".
4. According to local Bangladeshi stories, the term Bombay
duck was first coined by Robert Clive, after he tasted a
piece during his conquest of Bengal. It is said that he
associated the pungent smell with that of the
newspapers and mail which would come in to the
cantonments from Bombay. The term was later
popularized amongst the British public by its
appearance in Indian restaurants across the country.
6. Phylum Chordata
Class Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)
Order Aulopiformes (Lizardfishes)
Family Synodontidae (Lizardfishes)
Subfamily Harpadontinae (Bombay ducks)
Genus: Harpadon
Species H. nehereus, H. squamosus
7.
8. The genus Harpodon comprises of two species Harpodon nehereus $
Harpodon squamosus
The body is slender, soft, and gelatinous in appearance. Reported to
be phosphorescent in fresh condition.
Large head. Small eyes; cleft of the mouth wide and deep, lower jaw
prominent of unequal recurved.Depressible teeth in the jaws, caudal
is tri lobed. Scales commence opposite to the origin of the dorsal fin
color brownish to grayish-white
9. Worldwide distribution, from Zanzibar to China, seas and
estuaries of India, EastPakistan, Burma and straits of Malaca.
In India it occurs in large quantities on the West Coast, in Gulf
of Kutch and Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat and along the Congon
coast of Maharashtra, particularly in Kolaba and Thane
districts. On the east coast it is taken in small numbers along
the Coromandel coast, in appreciable quantities along the
Andhra-Orissa coast and in the estuaries of West Bengal.
10. Inhabit deep water offshore on sandy mud bottom
for most of the year, but also gathers in large
shoals in deltas of rivers to feed during monsoons
Benthopelagic; Oceanodromous ; depth range 50 -
m
11.
12. In the early stages food consist of wholly prawns
As the growth progresses the prawn diet is
supplemented with fish(clupeids).
As the fish grows clupeids make up 16% of the
food while the percentage of the prawn varies
between 74 and 78.
When the adult stage is reached they constitute
37.8 and 47.8 respectively.
13. The fish is indiscriminate voracious ,carnivorous
and cannibalistic feeder.
It does not show preference for any particular
type of food but feeds mainly on fishes and
crustaceans
14.
15. The wide gape of the mouth and the elongated lower
jaw enables the fish to swallow large sized prey.
The teeth in both the jaws are thin, long and recurved
which prevent the prey from escaping
The stomach is greatly distensible and when gorged
with food becomes almost translucent.
Instance are known where a Bombay duck of 210
mm long has a 250 mm Trichiurus in its stomach.
16. The Bombay duck is a continues breeder; but two
peaks of spawning activity are apparent during
November-December and March – April. The length
frequency studies which are normal procedure for
determining the age and growth of a fish.
year Length
1st year 50mm
2nd year 150mm
3rd year 230mm
4th year 290mm
17.
18. The sexes are separate and instance of
hermaphroditism have not been reported so far
There are also no external sex differentiating
characters.
19. The ratio between the two sex is found to
be fluctuating during the various months in
the year. The males predominate in the
catches in the monsoon months of July and
august but from September to may the
females are dominant. The overall catching
shows that the females predominates in the
commercial catches, the ratio being 100
males to 171 females
20. In males testis is differentiated when the
male reached 170mm long
In females the ova is first differentiated
when the females reached 120-140mm
Minimum size at maturity in females
2OOMM.
200-210MM.
240MM.
21. It has been assumed that the species is a continues
breeder with intense activity from OCTOBER TO APRIL
and slack from MAY TO SEPTEMBER.
DIVERSE OVER THE SPAWNING PERIODICITY
•The individual spawns twice a year, though the
breeding season extends practically through the year
•Later on it has been observed that the individual fish
spawns only once while the species as a whole breeds
throughout the year with two peaks. Once in APRIL-
JULY, and the second in NOVEMBER-DECEMBER
22. The number of mature ova produced by Harpadon
nehereus ranging in size between 229 and 318 mm has
been found to vary from146000 to 146400
There is a relation ship exist between the weight of
the ovary and the number of mature ova.
It has been observed that the larger females
maturing on the second or subsequent occasions
produce more ova
23.
24. The bag nets or doll nets on the west coast
in Maharashtra and Gujarat
The gill nets or khanderi in Gujarat
Behundi jal or a fixed bag net in the estuaries
of Bengal and Mutla river
25. The Doll net is operated in depths varying about 15
to 50m.The operations being carried out at greater
depths as the season advances.
In Gujarat the gill net khanderi is operated in the
10 mile zone between kosambo and kolak,
In Andhrapradesh the boat seines called Iragevala
are operated by two catamarans during the July to
November periods.
Fixed bag nets are used in Orissa coast.
The Behundi jal is used in the estuaries of west
Bengal from October to June
26.
27. The catch statistics indicate a remarkable
increase in landings from 7262 tones in 1951
to 1,28,618 tones in 1956. In 1958 and 1959
recorded poor landings. The fishery revived in
1960 and since then it has more or less
stabilized around 80,000 tones comprising
80% of the catch of immature fish. 80% of total
Bombay duck landings come from the west
coast of India, which exclusively from the
States of Gujarat and Maharashtra. In 1989,
1,30,689 tones have been landed. In 2010-
2011 the total contribution of Bombay duck
was 3.1%(94,942 tonnes)
30. .The estimated total catch of Bombay duck in Gujarat
during 2010 was 37,879 t (7.5% of the total fish landing).
The landings by dolnets from the inshore grounds of
Nawabunder, Rajpara and Jaffrabad were 25,178 t, which is
nearly 22%of the total dolnet catches with a catch rate of
742.2 kg/unit. Higher catch and catch rates were seen
during October - December. The size of H. nehereus ranged
from 180 to 309 mm
32. The only possible method by which age or size at first
can be adjusted by regulating the mesh size at an
appropriate size.
The experimental study was conducted by CMFRI at
Bassein in Maharashtra using doll nets with different
cod end mesh to determine the selectivity of the gear
and to evolve an optimal mesh size for the
escapement of the undersized fish
The immediate reduction in the Bombay duck catch
with 30mm mesh was 37% of the catch by 15mm
conventional mesh and with 40 mm mesh the catch
had dropped by 23%.Besides Bombay duck, the golden
anchovy and non penaeid prawns also registered
considerable decrease
33. In case of the exploited stocks it is essential to find out
the current fishing intensity and determine the level of
fishing intensity to obtain a maximum sustainable yield.
Studies on the eggs and larvae and the area of
spawning, migration of fishes needs exploratory survey.
Emphasis on the laminated Bombay duck from traditional
sundried ones are to be given to its export potential.
Study of fluctuations of annual catches will be helpful in
predicting fishing success on a short term basis.
34. In 1997, Bombay duck was banned by the European
Commission(EC) of the European Union. The EC admitted that it
had no "sanitary" evidence against the product and the UK Public
Health Laboratory Service confirmed that there are no recorded
cases of food poisoning, or bacterial contamination, associated
with Bombay duck. It was banned because the EC only allows fish
imports from India from approved freezing and canning
factories, and Bombay duck is not produced in factories. Prior to
the ban, consumption in the United kingdom was over 13 tonnes
per year.
35.
36.
37.
38. The wanderings of the Bombay duck, which
bring about fisheries of much regional
importance along certain coasts seem to be
influenced by two main factors i.e. the
availability of food and the favorable
condition of the water temperature. The low
surface temperature in the areas of
occurrence is probably responsible for the
peculiar distribution of the species to a great
extent than the other factors.