The document discusses a fuzzy logic multi-criteria decision making approach for vendor selection. Vendor selection involves evaluating vendors based on multiple qualitative and quantitative criteria. Due to the subjective and imprecise nature of evaluating vendors on qualitative criteria, fuzzy logic and set theory are used. A fuzzy decision making process is developed where vendors are evaluated and ranked based on multiple criteria to select the most suitable vendor. The process involves defining linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers to represent performance ratings. Weights are assigned to criteria and an overall score is calculated for each vendor by aggregating the criteria scores using the weights. The vendor with the highest overall score is selected. The approach is illustrated through a case study to demonstrate its practical application for vendor selection.
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH FOR OPTIMUM QUOTA ALLOCATION TO SUPPLIERS IN SUPPL...IAEME Publication
In all industrial firms where a large number of parts and components are supplied by different suppliers to the raw materiel stores. So it is necessary to keep a track of their performances and supplier ratings individually. The shortages of many basic raw materials and unfriendly attitudes on the part of suppliers can seriously jeopardize production units. So supplier evaluation comes a necessary task. The supplier selection in the supply chain is a multi-criteria problem for this a problem is formulated. The formulated problem is including three primary objectives such as minimizing the net purchase cost, minimizing the net transportation cost and minimizing the net late deliveries subject to realistic constraints regarding buyer’s demand, vendor’s capacity, budget allocation to individual vendor, Vendor’s quality of the items, vendor’s quota flexibility, purchase value of items etc. This paper consists of allocating the quota to suppliers from a set of pre-selected candidates. In this paper the Lexicographic Method is used and solved above three objectives on the priority basis. A real life example is also presented and solved by the MATLAB and results are shown in the paper.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to welfare and elasticity in economics. It discusses consumer surplus and producer surplus, how they are measured as the area between demand/supply curves and price lines. It then covers the elasticity of demand, including own price elasticity and how it is calculated, as well as factors that influence elasticity. The document also discusses how elasticity impacts total revenue and explores cross price elasticity. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of price elasticity of supply.
Supplier Selection and Evaluation by Fuzzy-AHP Extent Analysis: A Case Study ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The ready-made garments (RMG)is a rapid
growing industry in Bangladesh and contributing
significantly in the country’s economy. Effective supplier
selection policy has significant strategic importance in the
performance of such fast moving consumer goods industry.
The supplier selection process is essentially a multi-criterion
decision making problem which, therefore, must be
developed systematically. Many models have been developed
and proposed to find optimum solutions of this complex
decision-making problem. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy
Process (Fuzzy-AHP), which is a derived extension of
classical Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP),is an excellent
method for deciding among the complex structure at
different levels. In this paper an extent analysis of FuzzyAHP has been applied to evaluate and select the best
supplier agency providing most satisfaction. The evaluation
criteria are developed particularly for an RMG
manufacturer in Bangladesh context and used successfully
in the proposed model. A detailed implementation process is
presented in this paper and finally the best supplier agency
has been proposed from the outcome of the model.
This document summarizes Ford's process for developing international advertising strategies. Ford divides markets into segments by country and studies consumer preferences and perceptions in each country. They develop advertising strategies that emphasize key attributes for each market. Strategies are tested using a decision model to predict their effectiveness. The best performing strategies are selected for each country, allowing strategies to vary by market while maintaining common elements across countries. An example using Ford Granada launch data from several European countries illustrates how preferences and perceptions varied between markets, informing the development of customized strategies per country.
Chemical Management Services (CMS) is a strategic, long-term relationship where a customer contracts with a service provider to manage their entire chemical supply chain and related services. This aligns incentives to continuously reduce costs, risks, and environmental impacts through optimization of chemical usage and processes. CMS providers deliver benefits like lower purchase and management costs, improved operations and compliance, reduced chemical waste, and savings of 5-30% of chemical costs in the first year growing to 30-60% over 5 years. CMS is an emerging best practice adopted in many industries and sectors.
Supply chain management involves the management of the flow of goods and services. It includes all activities related to sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management. Effective supply chain management can help reduce costs, improve responsiveness to market changes, and enhance quality.
The document describes a thesis defense that proposed a MARA protocol to elicit constraints and qualitative preferences in multi-attribute auctions. It includes:
1. A 3-layer software architecture with presentation, business logic, and data access layers to store auction and product databases and allow users to specify constraints/preferences through a graphical interface.
2. A case study of a television auction with 1 buyer, 20 sellers, constraints and preferences specified through the interface, and bids evaluated using MAUT to determine a winner.
3. Implementation of the protocol using Jadex, an agent simulation framework, with agents like an admin agent to check constraints and winner determination agent to evaluate bids.
This document discusses developing pricing strategies and programs. It covers understanding pricing, setting prices, adapting prices, and initiating and responding to price changes. Some key points include:
- Pricing must be consistent with a firm's marketing strategy and target markets. Price is determined by costs, demand, competitors, and consumer psychology.
- Technologies like the internet have increased price transparency and consumer power. Consumers actively process various price information and signals.
- Firms estimate costs, demand, and analyze competitors to determine an appropriate pricing method and final price. Methods include markup, target return, and value-based pricing.
- Prices must be adapted based on location, time of year, product life cycle stage,
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH FOR OPTIMUM QUOTA ALLOCATION TO SUPPLIERS IN SUPPL...IAEME Publication
In all industrial firms where a large number of parts and components are supplied by different suppliers to the raw materiel stores. So it is necessary to keep a track of their performances and supplier ratings individually. The shortages of many basic raw materials and unfriendly attitudes on the part of suppliers can seriously jeopardize production units. So supplier evaluation comes a necessary task. The supplier selection in the supply chain is a multi-criteria problem for this a problem is formulated. The formulated problem is including three primary objectives such as minimizing the net purchase cost, minimizing the net transportation cost and minimizing the net late deliveries subject to realistic constraints regarding buyer’s demand, vendor’s capacity, budget allocation to individual vendor, Vendor’s quality of the items, vendor’s quota flexibility, purchase value of items etc. This paper consists of allocating the quota to suppliers from a set of pre-selected candidates. In this paper the Lexicographic Method is used and solved above three objectives on the priority basis. A real life example is also presented and solved by the MATLAB and results are shown in the paper.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to welfare and elasticity in economics. It discusses consumer surplus and producer surplus, how they are measured as the area between demand/supply curves and price lines. It then covers the elasticity of demand, including own price elasticity and how it is calculated, as well as factors that influence elasticity. The document also discusses how elasticity impacts total revenue and explores cross price elasticity. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of price elasticity of supply.
Supplier Selection and Evaluation by Fuzzy-AHP Extent Analysis: A Case Study ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The ready-made garments (RMG)is a rapid
growing industry in Bangladesh and contributing
significantly in the country’s economy. Effective supplier
selection policy has significant strategic importance in the
performance of such fast moving consumer goods industry.
The supplier selection process is essentially a multi-criterion
decision making problem which, therefore, must be
developed systematically. Many models have been developed
and proposed to find optimum solutions of this complex
decision-making problem. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy
Process (Fuzzy-AHP), which is a derived extension of
classical Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP),is an excellent
method for deciding among the complex structure at
different levels. In this paper an extent analysis of FuzzyAHP has been applied to evaluate and select the best
supplier agency providing most satisfaction. The evaluation
criteria are developed particularly for an RMG
manufacturer in Bangladesh context and used successfully
in the proposed model. A detailed implementation process is
presented in this paper and finally the best supplier agency
has been proposed from the outcome of the model.
This document summarizes Ford's process for developing international advertising strategies. Ford divides markets into segments by country and studies consumer preferences and perceptions in each country. They develop advertising strategies that emphasize key attributes for each market. Strategies are tested using a decision model to predict their effectiveness. The best performing strategies are selected for each country, allowing strategies to vary by market while maintaining common elements across countries. An example using Ford Granada launch data from several European countries illustrates how preferences and perceptions varied between markets, informing the development of customized strategies per country.
Chemical Management Services (CMS) is a strategic, long-term relationship where a customer contracts with a service provider to manage their entire chemical supply chain and related services. This aligns incentives to continuously reduce costs, risks, and environmental impacts through optimization of chemical usage and processes. CMS providers deliver benefits like lower purchase and management costs, improved operations and compliance, reduced chemical waste, and savings of 5-30% of chemical costs in the first year growing to 30-60% over 5 years. CMS is an emerging best practice adopted in many industries and sectors.
Supply chain management involves the management of the flow of goods and services. It includes all activities related to sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management. Effective supply chain management can help reduce costs, improve responsiveness to market changes, and enhance quality.
The document describes a thesis defense that proposed a MARA protocol to elicit constraints and qualitative preferences in multi-attribute auctions. It includes:
1. A 3-layer software architecture with presentation, business logic, and data access layers to store auction and product databases and allow users to specify constraints/preferences through a graphical interface.
2. A case study of a television auction with 1 buyer, 20 sellers, constraints and preferences specified through the interface, and bids evaluated using MAUT to determine a winner.
3. Implementation of the protocol using Jadex, an agent simulation framework, with agents like an admin agent to check constraints and winner determination agent to evaluate bids.
This document discusses developing pricing strategies and programs. It covers understanding pricing, setting prices, adapting prices, and initiating and responding to price changes. Some key points include:
- Pricing must be consistent with a firm's marketing strategy and target markets. Price is determined by costs, demand, competitors, and consumer psychology.
- Technologies like the internet have increased price transparency and consumer power. Consumers actively process various price information and signals.
- Firms estimate costs, demand, and analyze competitors to determine an appropriate pricing method and final price. Methods include markup, target return, and value-based pricing.
- Prices must be adapted based on location, time of year, product life cycle stage,
A genetic algorithm approach for multi objective optimization of supply chain...Phuong Dx
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a genetic algorithm to solve a multi-objective supply chain network design problem. The objectives are to minimize total costs, maximize customer service levels, and maximize balanced capacity utilization across distribution centers. An experiment is conducted using real company data to evaluate the performance of the genetic algorithm and compare it to multi-objective simulated annealing. The genetic algorithm is able to generate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for the decision maker to evaluate tradeoffs between multiple conflicting objectives in supply chain network design.
This document provides an overview of conjoint analysis, a research method used to determine how consumers value different attributes or features of a product. It discusses key aspects of conjoint analysis including: defining factors and values to study, creating profiles for respondents to rate, estimating utility values for each attribute from the ratings, and aggregating results across respondents. The example provided examines preferences for different attributes of dishwashing products like scent, packaging, and design.
It is on Conjoint Analysis presented by Radhika Gupta, Shivi Agarwal, Neha Arya, Neha Kasturia, Mudita Maheshwari, Dhruval Dholakia, Chinmay Jaggan Anmol Sahani and Madhusudan Partani of FMG-18A, FORE School of Management
Algoritmo di text-similarity per l'annotazione semantica di Web ServiceMichele Filannino
The document discusses an algorithm for measuring text similarity called SAWA. It describes how SAWA calculates word-to-word and text-to-text similarity using Wikipedia as a concept hierarchy. Experimental results showed that optimizations improved performance by 10 times while maintaining quality results. Future work includes developing web service and web interfaces and releasing the source code as open-source.
This document summarizes a study on customer perception of telecommunication service providers in Himachal Pradesh, India. The study examined the relationship between customer satisfaction, service quality, and perceived value. It reviewed literature on key concepts like perceived value, customer satisfaction determinants, and the customer value chain. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 50 respondents on their perceptions of various telecom services. It identified six key service quality gaps based on the data, including knowledge gaps, design gaps, and communication gaps. Statistical analysis was presented on customers' attitudes toward different aspects of service like price, plans offered, bill amounts and more. In conclusion, the study found that quality of service, employees' behavior and competitors' actions most influenced
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ENHANCING READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION USING TEC...A Makwana
The use of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) by the construction industry in most industrialized
countries is now well established. With the help of going over expertise of experts and their relevant
specialized literature, effective Criterias in Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) selection and the Criterias
which will be used in their evaluation is extracted. For TOPSIS, the computations were carried out
using Microsoft Excel 2013. The weight of the Criterias is calculated first through Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then it is analyzed by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to
Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The respondents were selected from various construction
occupancy mainly Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, Consultants and Contractors.
Total 100 Survey Questionnaires were distributed to Respondents in Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara,
Ahmedabad, from which 60 Responses were collected as per sample size calculation, in that 21 were
from Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, 26 were from consultants and 13 were from
contractors.The problem solution result shows: Respondent no. 3 (R3) is best because of its largest
weight age and Respondent no. 25 (R25) is worse because of its smallest weightage.
1. Mr. M is troubleshooting a printing issue on his PC1 that is connected to a LAN system. The system consists of 2 PCs, 1 server, 1 printer, and 1 hub connected by 4 cables.
2. To identify the cause of the failure, Mr. M first checks if he can print from PC2. He then switches the cable connections at the hub and repeats the test. Based on the results, he develops a flowchart to systematically identify the failure component.
3. Company I manages sales data in databases and issues billing statements. It needs to backup the contact person table monthly. The question provides the table structure to calculate the minimum backup storage size needed.
Chapter 12: Applications of Database Marketing in B-to-C and B-to-B Scenariositsvineeth209
The document summarizes three studies on customer lifetime value and profitability relationships. Study 1 finds the relationship between lifetime and profits is not always positive, and both short-term and long-term customers can be profitable. Study 2 develops a model to estimate individual customer profitable lifetime durations based on projected revenues and costs. Study 3 analyzes factors that impact profitable lifetime durations, finding purchase amount, cross-buying, and mailings increase duration while returns and buying in a single department decrease it.
The document provides a mark scheme for assessing customer needs. It outlines several key points:
1) Methods that companies can use to reduce costs such as training, Just-in-Time processes, and motivational techniques.
2) BMW should consider either quality control or quality assurance to ensure quality for their new Mini model. Both approaches have benefits and drawbacks depending on the workforce and costs.
3) Meeting customer expectations and dealing with complaints are important for good customer service, as are reliability and clear communications. Failing to meet customer needs can damage reputation and profits.
Selection of Equipment by Using Saw and Vikor Methods IJERA Editor
This document discusses methods for selecting equipment using multi-criteria decision making approaches. It presents the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) and VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods for equipment selection. The document outlines the steps for both SAW and VIKOR methods. It also discusses consistency testing to validate the results and ensure less than 0.1 consistency ratio. The methods are then applied to a case study of equipment selection at a spring manufacturing unit to demonstrate the process.
1.3 transforming resources into goods and services - moodleMissHowardHA
The document provides an overview of a business lesson on transforming resources into goods and services. It outlines 3 learning objectives for understanding inputs/outputs, business sectors, and added value. Various activities and questions are presented to help students learn about these concepts, including discussing images, identifying products/services, explaining business sectors, and analyzing how added value benefits businesses.
This document discusses strategies for companies to manage complexity and increase profit margins. It begins by describing how increasing globalization, customization, and technological sophistication have led to greater product, customer, and operational complexity for many companies. This complexity often hides real costs that significantly reduce profitability. The document then recommends that companies:
1) Analyze product cost and value data to understand profitability and position products on a "cost/value matrix" to determine strategic actions.
2) Explore eight strategies to reduce complexity across the value chain and increase margins by 25-100%, including making complexity transparent, applying the 80/20 rule, optimizing cross-functional processes, and bundling product features.
This document discusses the private and common dimensions of costs that suppliers face when bidding for procurement contracts. It uses the example of a contract for cleaning services that involves different costs for cleaning offices versus laboratories. The document explains that a supplier's private costs depend on their own efficiency, while common costs involve uncertainties that all suppliers face, like not knowing the exact mix of offices and laboratories to be cleaned. It states that whether to use a sealed bid process or dynamic auction depends on whether the private costs or common uncertainties are more important.
4313ijmvsc02A FUZZY AHP APPROACH FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM: A CASE STUDY...ijmvsc
Supplier selection is one of the most important functions of a purchasing department. Since by deciding the best supplier, companies can save material costs and increase competitive advantage. However this decision becomes complicated in case of multiple suppliers, multiple conflicting criteria, and imprecise parameters. In addition the uncertainty and vagueness of the experts’ opinion is the prominent characteristic of the problem. Therefore an extensively used multi criteria decision making tool Fuzzy AHP can be utilized as an approach for supplier selection problem. This paper reveals the application of Fuzzy AHP in a gear motor company determining the best supplier with respect to selected criteria. The contribution of this study is not only the application of the Fuzzy AHP methodology for supplier selection problem, but also releasing a comprehensive literature review of multi criteria decision making problems. In addition by stating the steps of Fuzzy AHP clearly and numerically, this study can be a guide of the methodology to be implemented to other multiple criteria decision making problems.
This document provides an overview of Taguchi's robust design method for improving product quality. Some key points:
1. Taguchi proposed measuring quality as the total loss to customers and society rather than just conformance to specifications. This involves designing products to be insensitive to environmental and manufacturing variations.
2. The method uses statistical experimental design techniques like orthogonal arrays to efficiently test different combinations of design parameters called control factors. This determines optimal settings that minimize sensitivity to uncontrollable variations called noise factors.
3. The approach involves three stages - system design, parameter design, and tolerance design. Parameter design is the main focus and aims to identify control factor settings that make a product robust without eliminating noise factor causes.
Perfect vs Oligopolistic Competition Assignment HelpSample Assignment
This document summarizes and compares open-loop and closed-loop game-theoretic models of generation capacity expansion in electricity markets under different competitive conditions. It finds that for one load period, the closed-loop equilibrium coincides with the open-loop Cournot equilibrium for any level of competition. However, with multiple load periods, the closed-loop equilibria can diverge depending on the competitive assumptions. The document also analyzes alternative models of conjectured price responses and finds the efficiency and consumer impacts of different closed-loop equilibria are ambiguous.
This document presents a general theory for NP-hard problems by developing a progressive model that classifies problems based on parameters similarly to how accounts are classified in a general ledger. It introduces 12 common NP-hard problems and develops governing equations to model the classification and solution behavior of the problems over time. The model aims to provide a unified framework and make predictions about NP-hard problems similarly to how a general ledger tracks financial inflows and outflows.
Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of High Carbon St...IJMER
The present work includes study effect of V notch shape with various angle orientation and
depths on fatigue life behavior in steel beam made of High Carbon Steel alloy AISI 1078 which has a wide
application in industry. Fatigue life of notched specimens is calculated using the fatigue life obtained from
the experiments for smooth specimens (reference) and by use Numerical method (FEA).The fatigue
experiments were carried out at room temperature, applying a fully reversed cyclic load with the
frequency of 50 Hz and mean stress equal to zero (R= -1), on a cantilever rotating-bending fatigue testing
machine. The stress ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. Different instruments have been
used in this investigation like Chemical composition analyzer , Tensile universal testing machine
,Hardness tester , Fatigue testing machine and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results show
that there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works
A Review of FDM Based Parts to Act as Rapid ToolingIJMER
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one from basic Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies
used in technical practice. In this contribution are presented basic information about parameters such
as layer thickness, part build orientation, raster angle, raster width and air gap. This study provides
insight into complex dependency of strength on process parameters. In this paper microphotographs
are used to show the mechanism of failure. The major reason for weak strength is attributed to
distortion within or between the layers.Developing a curved layer deposition methodology can
improve part quality by reduced lamination, reduction in the staircase effect which leads to improved
dimensional accuracy of the part. Less effort has been made to increase the range of FDM materials
to include metals or metal based composites with the help of metal based composite direct rapid
tooling will allow fabrication of injection moulding dies and inserts with desired thermal and
mechanical properties suitable for using directly in injection moulding machines for short term or
long term production runs
The document discusses polynomial normal matrices and polynomial unitary matrices. Some key points:
- Polynomial normal matrices are polynomial matrices whose coefficient matrices are normal matrices. Properties of polynomial normal matrices are discussed, including that the product of two polynomial normal matrices is also polynomial normal if they commute.
- A polynomial matrix is unitary if each coefficient matrix is unitary. It is shown that a polynomial matrix is polynomial normal if and only if every polynomial matrix unitarily equivalent to it is also polynomial normal.
- Results are presented, including that the product of the coefficient matrices of two polynomial matrices is zero if the coefficient matrices are normal and the products of the coefficients are zero.
This document provides information about developing apps for BlackBerry 10 devices. It describes the BlackBerry 10 devices, development frameworks including Cascades, HTML5, Android apps, Adobe Air, and best practices. It also outlines the process for getting an app certified as "Built for BlackBerry" which provides benefits for marketing and distribution through BlackBerry World.
A genetic algorithm approach for multi objective optimization of supply chain...Phuong Dx
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a genetic algorithm to solve a multi-objective supply chain network design problem. The objectives are to minimize total costs, maximize customer service levels, and maximize balanced capacity utilization across distribution centers. An experiment is conducted using real company data to evaluate the performance of the genetic algorithm and compare it to multi-objective simulated annealing. The genetic algorithm is able to generate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for the decision maker to evaluate tradeoffs between multiple conflicting objectives in supply chain network design.
This document provides an overview of conjoint analysis, a research method used to determine how consumers value different attributes or features of a product. It discusses key aspects of conjoint analysis including: defining factors and values to study, creating profiles for respondents to rate, estimating utility values for each attribute from the ratings, and aggregating results across respondents. The example provided examines preferences for different attributes of dishwashing products like scent, packaging, and design.
It is on Conjoint Analysis presented by Radhika Gupta, Shivi Agarwal, Neha Arya, Neha Kasturia, Mudita Maheshwari, Dhruval Dholakia, Chinmay Jaggan Anmol Sahani and Madhusudan Partani of FMG-18A, FORE School of Management
Algoritmo di text-similarity per l'annotazione semantica di Web ServiceMichele Filannino
The document discusses an algorithm for measuring text similarity called SAWA. It describes how SAWA calculates word-to-word and text-to-text similarity using Wikipedia as a concept hierarchy. Experimental results showed that optimizations improved performance by 10 times while maintaining quality results. Future work includes developing web service and web interfaces and releasing the source code as open-source.
This document summarizes a study on customer perception of telecommunication service providers in Himachal Pradesh, India. The study examined the relationship between customer satisfaction, service quality, and perceived value. It reviewed literature on key concepts like perceived value, customer satisfaction determinants, and the customer value chain. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 50 respondents on their perceptions of various telecom services. It identified six key service quality gaps based on the data, including knowledge gaps, design gaps, and communication gaps. Statistical analysis was presented on customers' attitudes toward different aspects of service like price, plans offered, bill amounts and more. In conclusion, the study found that quality of service, employees' behavior and competitors' actions most influenced
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ENHANCING READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION USING TEC...A Makwana
The use of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) by the construction industry in most industrialized
countries is now well established. With the help of going over expertise of experts and their relevant
specialized literature, effective Criterias in Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) selection and the Criterias
which will be used in their evaluation is extracted. For TOPSIS, the computations were carried out
using Microsoft Excel 2013. The weight of the Criterias is calculated first through Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then it is analyzed by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to
Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The respondents were selected from various construction
occupancy mainly Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, Consultants and Contractors.
Total 100 Survey Questionnaires were distributed to Respondents in Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara,
Ahmedabad, from which 60 Responses were collected as per sample size calculation, in that 21 were
from Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, 26 were from consultants and 13 were from
contractors.The problem solution result shows: Respondent no. 3 (R3) is best because of its largest
weight age and Respondent no. 25 (R25) is worse because of its smallest weightage.
1. Mr. M is troubleshooting a printing issue on his PC1 that is connected to a LAN system. The system consists of 2 PCs, 1 server, 1 printer, and 1 hub connected by 4 cables.
2. To identify the cause of the failure, Mr. M first checks if he can print from PC2. He then switches the cable connections at the hub and repeats the test. Based on the results, he develops a flowchart to systematically identify the failure component.
3. Company I manages sales data in databases and issues billing statements. It needs to backup the contact person table monthly. The question provides the table structure to calculate the minimum backup storage size needed.
Chapter 12: Applications of Database Marketing in B-to-C and B-to-B Scenariositsvineeth209
The document summarizes three studies on customer lifetime value and profitability relationships. Study 1 finds the relationship between lifetime and profits is not always positive, and both short-term and long-term customers can be profitable. Study 2 develops a model to estimate individual customer profitable lifetime durations based on projected revenues and costs. Study 3 analyzes factors that impact profitable lifetime durations, finding purchase amount, cross-buying, and mailings increase duration while returns and buying in a single department decrease it.
The document provides a mark scheme for assessing customer needs. It outlines several key points:
1) Methods that companies can use to reduce costs such as training, Just-in-Time processes, and motivational techniques.
2) BMW should consider either quality control or quality assurance to ensure quality for their new Mini model. Both approaches have benefits and drawbacks depending on the workforce and costs.
3) Meeting customer expectations and dealing with complaints are important for good customer service, as are reliability and clear communications. Failing to meet customer needs can damage reputation and profits.
Selection of Equipment by Using Saw and Vikor Methods IJERA Editor
This document discusses methods for selecting equipment using multi-criteria decision making approaches. It presents the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) and VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods for equipment selection. The document outlines the steps for both SAW and VIKOR methods. It also discusses consistency testing to validate the results and ensure less than 0.1 consistency ratio. The methods are then applied to a case study of equipment selection at a spring manufacturing unit to demonstrate the process.
1.3 transforming resources into goods and services - moodleMissHowardHA
The document provides an overview of a business lesson on transforming resources into goods and services. It outlines 3 learning objectives for understanding inputs/outputs, business sectors, and added value. Various activities and questions are presented to help students learn about these concepts, including discussing images, identifying products/services, explaining business sectors, and analyzing how added value benefits businesses.
This document discusses strategies for companies to manage complexity and increase profit margins. It begins by describing how increasing globalization, customization, and technological sophistication have led to greater product, customer, and operational complexity for many companies. This complexity often hides real costs that significantly reduce profitability. The document then recommends that companies:
1) Analyze product cost and value data to understand profitability and position products on a "cost/value matrix" to determine strategic actions.
2) Explore eight strategies to reduce complexity across the value chain and increase margins by 25-100%, including making complexity transparent, applying the 80/20 rule, optimizing cross-functional processes, and bundling product features.
This document discusses the private and common dimensions of costs that suppliers face when bidding for procurement contracts. It uses the example of a contract for cleaning services that involves different costs for cleaning offices versus laboratories. The document explains that a supplier's private costs depend on their own efficiency, while common costs involve uncertainties that all suppliers face, like not knowing the exact mix of offices and laboratories to be cleaned. It states that whether to use a sealed bid process or dynamic auction depends on whether the private costs or common uncertainties are more important.
4313ijmvsc02A FUZZY AHP APPROACH FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM: A CASE STUDY...ijmvsc
Supplier selection is one of the most important functions of a purchasing department. Since by deciding the best supplier, companies can save material costs and increase competitive advantage. However this decision becomes complicated in case of multiple suppliers, multiple conflicting criteria, and imprecise parameters. In addition the uncertainty and vagueness of the experts’ opinion is the prominent characteristic of the problem. Therefore an extensively used multi criteria decision making tool Fuzzy AHP can be utilized as an approach for supplier selection problem. This paper reveals the application of Fuzzy AHP in a gear motor company determining the best supplier with respect to selected criteria. The contribution of this study is not only the application of the Fuzzy AHP methodology for supplier selection problem, but also releasing a comprehensive literature review of multi criteria decision making problems. In addition by stating the steps of Fuzzy AHP clearly and numerically, this study can be a guide of the methodology to be implemented to other multiple criteria decision making problems.
This document provides an overview of Taguchi's robust design method for improving product quality. Some key points:
1. Taguchi proposed measuring quality as the total loss to customers and society rather than just conformance to specifications. This involves designing products to be insensitive to environmental and manufacturing variations.
2. The method uses statistical experimental design techniques like orthogonal arrays to efficiently test different combinations of design parameters called control factors. This determines optimal settings that minimize sensitivity to uncontrollable variations called noise factors.
3. The approach involves three stages - system design, parameter design, and tolerance design. Parameter design is the main focus and aims to identify control factor settings that make a product robust without eliminating noise factor causes.
Perfect vs Oligopolistic Competition Assignment HelpSample Assignment
This document summarizes and compares open-loop and closed-loop game-theoretic models of generation capacity expansion in electricity markets under different competitive conditions. It finds that for one load period, the closed-loop equilibrium coincides with the open-loop Cournot equilibrium for any level of competition. However, with multiple load periods, the closed-loop equilibria can diverge depending on the competitive assumptions. The document also analyzes alternative models of conjectured price responses and finds the efficiency and consumer impacts of different closed-loop equilibria are ambiguous.
This document presents a general theory for NP-hard problems by developing a progressive model that classifies problems based on parameters similarly to how accounts are classified in a general ledger. It introduces 12 common NP-hard problems and develops governing equations to model the classification and solution behavior of the problems over time. The model aims to provide a unified framework and make predictions about NP-hard problems similarly to how a general ledger tracks financial inflows and outflows.
Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of High Carbon St...IJMER
The present work includes study effect of V notch shape with various angle orientation and
depths on fatigue life behavior in steel beam made of High Carbon Steel alloy AISI 1078 which has a wide
application in industry. Fatigue life of notched specimens is calculated using the fatigue life obtained from
the experiments for smooth specimens (reference) and by use Numerical method (FEA).The fatigue
experiments were carried out at room temperature, applying a fully reversed cyclic load with the
frequency of 50 Hz and mean stress equal to zero (R= -1), on a cantilever rotating-bending fatigue testing
machine. The stress ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. Different instruments have been
used in this investigation like Chemical composition analyzer , Tensile universal testing machine
,Hardness tester , Fatigue testing machine and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results show
that there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works
A Review of FDM Based Parts to Act as Rapid ToolingIJMER
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one from basic Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies
used in technical practice. In this contribution are presented basic information about parameters such
as layer thickness, part build orientation, raster angle, raster width and air gap. This study provides
insight into complex dependency of strength on process parameters. In this paper microphotographs
are used to show the mechanism of failure. The major reason for weak strength is attributed to
distortion within or between the layers.Developing a curved layer deposition methodology can
improve part quality by reduced lamination, reduction in the staircase effect which leads to improved
dimensional accuracy of the part. Less effort has been made to increase the range of FDM materials
to include metals or metal based composites with the help of metal based composite direct rapid
tooling will allow fabrication of injection moulding dies and inserts with desired thermal and
mechanical properties suitable for using directly in injection moulding machines for short term or
long term production runs
The document discusses polynomial normal matrices and polynomial unitary matrices. Some key points:
- Polynomial normal matrices are polynomial matrices whose coefficient matrices are normal matrices. Properties of polynomial normal matrices are discussed, including that the product of two polynomial normal matrices is also polynomial normal if they commute.
- A polynomial matrix is unitary if each coefficient matrix is unitary. It is shown that a polynomial matrix is polynomial normal if and only if every polynomial matrix unitarily equivalent to it is also polynomial normal.
- Results are presented, including that the product of the coefficient matrices of two polynomial matrices is zero if the coefficient matrices are normal and the products of the coefficients are zero.
This document provides information about developing apps for BlackBerry 10 devices. It describes the BlackBerry 10 devices, development frameworks including Cascades, HTML5, Android apps, Adobe Air, and best practices. It also outlines the process for getting an app certified as "Built for BlackBerry" which provides benefits for marketing and distribution through BlackBerry World.
This document contains two pieces of information: the number "416 group" and the name "Nino talabadze". No other context is provided about what these entries refer to or their significance. In summary, the document lists a number and a name but does not provide any explanation of their meaning or connection.
BER Performance for Convalutional Code with Soft & Hard Viterbi DecodingIJMER
Viterbi decoding has a fixed decoding time. It is well suited to hardware decoder. Hear we proposed Viterbi algorithm with Decoding rate 1/3. Which dynamically improve performance of the channel
This document summarizes an article about electrocoagulation as a novel wastewater treatment method. Electrocoagulation uses sacrificial metal anodes that corrode when electric current is applied, producing metal cations that neutralize pollutants in water. It has advantages over other methods in providing coagulants without increasing water salinity. The document discusses the mechanisms of electrocoagulation including coagulant production, pollutant destabilization, and aggregation. Key factors like electrode material, current density, and operating conditions affect the process's performance in removing various pollutants from water.
If you are on the search for specialized rug cleaners for your rugs in New York City, it is recommended that once check the background of the company before one seeks their services. It is an added benefit provided that the professional cleaners have adequate experience in cleaning services.
The document proposes an automatic pilot assistive safe landing site detection system to help pilots identify suitable emergency landing sites. The system uses aircraft-mounted cameras to capture images of the terrain. It then applies image processing and analysis techniques like horizon detection, edge detection, and fuzzy c-mean clustering to identify smooth regions that could serve as potential landing sites. The largest five candidate sites are visualized on a display for the pilot to make the final decision, considering other factors like wind. The system is meant to assist pilots by automatically processing images and providing landing site options, thus saving critical time during an emergency. It was tested using edited Google Earth images and aims to account for limitations of human vision in identifying optimal emergency landing sites.
This document presents a new method for detecting DC voltage faults in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The method uses K-means clustering to analyze torque waveform data and classify faults using support vector machines (SVM). Simulation results show that torque ripple patterns change with different DC voltage levels. The proposed approach clusters the torque data and uses SVM to detect and classify DC voltage faults, which enables intelligent fault identification and diagnosis in SRM drives.
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & ProductivityIJMER
The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Further Results On The Basis Of Cauchy’s Proper Bound for the Zeros of Entire...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This document proposes incorporating a control system into an existing ubiquitous computing environment (SEDINU system) to allow for manipulation of physical objects. It describes modifying the SEDINU system's database (RBACSoft) to include a control system entity with attributes linking it to autonomous areas and physical objects. A communication protocol is proposed using the USB 2.0 standard for the host services and control system to interact. The control system would allow changing the states of physical objects from mobile devices based on requests from the host services. Future work could include handling multiple concurrent mobile access and migrating to USB 3.0.
Investigating Waste Water Treatment in a Closed EnvironmentIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Este documento presenta los programas de cinco conservatorios para un encuentro. Cada conservatorio incluye varias piezas musicales interpretadas por orquestas, coros o agrupaciones instrumentales de estudiantes. Los estilos musicales incluyen clásicos como Bach y Mozart, así como pop, jazz y música tradicional.
An Empirical Study on Identification of Strokes and their Significance in Scr...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
A Novel Clustering Method for Similarity Measuring in Text DocumentsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The document discusses building a customer churn prediction model for a telecom company in Syria using machine learning techniques. It proposes using the XGBoost algorithm to classify customers as churners or non-churners based on their customer data over 9 months. XGBoost builds sequential decision trees and increases the weights of misclassified variables to improve predictive performance. The model achieved an AUC of 93.3% and incorporated social network features to further enhance results. The document outlines the hardware, software and methodology used to develop and test the model on a large dataset from SyriaTel to predict customer churn.
Modelling of Vendor Selection Problem for Radial Drilling Column by Fuzzy Inf...IJSRD
Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Radial Drilling Column (RDC). It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
A Review Of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques For Supplier Evaluation...Steven Wallach
This document provides a review of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques that have been used for supplier evaluation and selection, as described in academic literature from 2000 to 2011. It summarizes several approaches that have been proposed, including data envelopment analysis (DEA), mathematical programming models (linear programming, integer linear programming, integer non-linear programming, goal programming, and multi-objective programming), and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). For each approach, it provides examples of studies that have applied the approach and discusses the objectives, inputs, outputs, and models used. The review aims to identify the most prevalent approaches and discuss future directions for developing optimal solutions.
Implementation and Validation of Supplier Selection Model for Planner Machine...IJSRD
Supplier selection is the process through which firms identify, evaluate, and contract with suppliers. The supplier selection process deploys a tremendous amount of a firm’s financial resources. In return, manufacturing industries expect important benefits from contracting with suppliers offering high value. Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Radial Drilling Bed (RDB). It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
Vendor Selection Problem for Radial Drilling Arm by Fuzzy Inference Decision ...IJSRD
Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Radial drilling Arm (RDA). It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Fuzzy System. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
Implementation and Validation of Supplier Selection Model for Shaper Machine ...IJSRD
Supplier selection is the process through which firms identify, evaluate, and contract with suppliers. The supplier selection process deploys a tremendous amount of a firm’s financial resources. In return, manufacturing industries expect important benefits from contracting with suppliers offering high value. Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Radial Drilling Bed (RDB). It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
Selection of Best Supplier in Furniture Manufacturing Company by Using Analyt...IJERA Editor
The selection of supplier is one of the most critical decisions in the design and development of a successful production environment. In this study, a user friendly decision support system is proposed for supplier selection. This system guides the decision maker in selecting proper supplier via effective algorithms, such as the Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) Cost analysis helps the user evaluate the results based on economical considerations. Selection of supplier is a time consuming process which needs extensive data exploitation. The process of supplier selection is a multi- criteria decision-making problem with conflicting and diverse objectives. In this work a systematic methodology is presented under the consideration of multiple factors and objectives that are witnessed to be crucial to the construction process. The model includes building an analytic hierarchy structure with a tree of hierarchical criteria and alternatives to ease the decision-making.
Modelling of Vendor Selection Problem for Conventional Lathe Machine Bed by F...IJSRD
Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Conventional Lathe Machine Bed . It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
Application Of Analytic Hierarchy Process And Artificial Neural Network In Bi...IJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— An appropriate decision to bid initiates all bid preparation steps. Selective bidding will reduce the number of proposals to be submitted by the contractor and saves tender preparation time which can be utilized for refining the estimated cost. Usually in industrial engineering applications final decision will be based on the evaluation of many alternatives. This will be a very difficult problem when the criteria are expressed in different units or the pertinent data are not easily quantifiable. This paper emphasizes on the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) for analyzing the risk degree of each factor, so that decision the can be taken accordingly in deciding an appropriate bid.AHP helps to decide the best solution from various selection criteria.The study also focuses on suggesting a much broader applicability of AHP and ANN techniques on decisions of bidding.
Keywords— Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), Artificial Neural Network(ANN), Consistency Index(CI),
Consistency Ratio(CR), Random Index(RI), Risk degree.
Plant location selection by using MCDM methodsIJERA Editor
Plant location selection has a critical impact on the performance of manufacturing companies. The cost associated with acquiring the land and facility construction makes the location selection a long-term investment decision. The preeminent location is that which results in higher economic benefits through increased productivity and good distribution network. Both potential qualitative and quantitative criteria’s are to be considered for selecting the proper plant location from a given set of alternatives. Consequently, from the literature survey, it is found that the Multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) is found to be an effective approach to solve the location selection problems. In the present research, an integrated decision-making methodology is designed which employs the two well-known decision making techniques, namely Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE-II) in order to make the best use of information available, either implicitly or explicitly. It is analyze the structure for the solution of plant location problems and to obtain weights of the selected criteria’s. PROMETHEE-II is employed to solve decision-making problems with multiple conflicting criteria and alternatives.
This document discusses applying machine learning algorithms to three datasets: a housing dataset to predict prices, a banking dataset to predict customer churn, and a credit card dataset for customer segmentation. For housing prices, linear regression, regression trees and gradient boosted trees are applied and evaluated on test data using R2 and RMSE. For customer churn, logistic regression and random forests are used with sampling to address class imbalance, and evaluated using confusion matrix metrics. For credit card data, k-means clustering with PCA is used to segment customers into groups.
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MCDM Techniques for the Selection of Material Handling Equipment in the Autom...IJMER
Material Handling Equipments are utilized in different shops of an automobile industry.
For culling congruous Material Handling Equipment, it is felt that some Multi Criteria Decision
Making Methods must be used due to their ability of converting an intricate quandary to a paired
comparison. These methods are predicated on some relative Criteria and Sub-criteria. Certain
methods such as; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Method have to be utilized
for solving the quandary of Material Handling Equipment cull in different shops of automobile
industry. For solving these quandaries, some criteria (Material, Move, and Method) are culled.
The main conclusions drawn from this study are that, Method criteria is more consequential for
culling Material Handling Equipment, and Conveyor System is more efficient and precise Equipment
for Handling the Material in shop floor of any automobile industry. The focus of this research is in
the area of Cull of Material Handling Equipment in automobile industry. Cull of congruous Material
Handling Equipment is very paramount for reducing manufacturing cycle time, and cost of
manufacturing
Cost Optimization of Multistoried RC Framed Structure Using Hybrid Genetic Al...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a hybrid genetic algorithm to optimize the cost of reinforced concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that describes using cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement details as design variables in a genetic algorithm with a heuristic cost function for cost optimization. It then provides background on optimization techniques, genetic algorithms, and their typical components like selection, crossover and mutation. The document describes developing a genetic algorithm in MATLAB to optimize the cost of beams and columns in a sample apartment building, comparing the results to a conventional design in STAAD Pro. It discusses representation methods in genetic algorithms and selection methods used to guide the population toward optimal solutions.
This document presents a model for evaluating design concepts using decision matrix logic. It describes the typical decision matrix process of identifying alternatives and criteria, assigning weights, rating alternatives, and summing scores. The model aims to make the decision matrix approach more logical, reproducible, accurate, and reliable for designers. It also presents an example applying the model to selecting an optimal concept for a simple gearbox design. The computer-based model is intended to enhance the capabilities of novice designers in conceptual engineering design.
This document presents a model for evaluating design concepts using decision matrix logic. It describes the typical decision matrix process of identifying alternatives and criteria, assigning weights, rating alternatives, and summing scores. The model aims to make the decision matrix approach more logical, reproducible, accurate and reliable for designers. It also presents an example applying the model to selecting an optimal concept for a simple gearbox design. The computer-based model is intended to enhance the capabilities of novice designers in conceptual engineering design.
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A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
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The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
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Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
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Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
This document summarizes research on the fabrication and characterization of bio-composite materials using sunnhemp fibre. The document discusses how sunnhemp fibre was used to reinforce an epoxy matrix through hand lay-up methods. Various mechanical properties of the bio-composites were tested, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The results of the mechanical tests on the bio-composite specimens are presented. Potential applications of the sunnhemp fibre bio-composites are also suggested, such as in fall ceilings, partitions, packaging, automotive interiors, and toys.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
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Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
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Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
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Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
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In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
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environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
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reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
This document discusses integrating the Spring, Struts, and Hibernate frameworks to develop enterprise applications. It provides an overview of each framework and their features. The Spring Framework is a lightweight, modular framework that allows for inversion of control and aspect-oriented programming. It can be used to develop any or all tiers of an application. The document proposes an architecture for an e-commerce website that integrates these three frameworks, with Spring handling the business layer, Struts the presentation layer, and Hibernate the data access layer. This modular approach allows for clear separation of concerns and reduces complexity in application development.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
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sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
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This document introduces and studies the concept of δˆ s-locally closed sets in ideal topological spaces. Some key points:
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- Theore
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Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
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system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
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based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
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Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
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development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
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The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
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predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
A Fuzzy Logic Multi-Criteria Decision Approach for Vendor Selection Manufacturing System
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
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A Fuzzy Logic Multi-Criteria Decision Approach for Vendor Selection
Manufacturing System
Harish Kumar Sharma1
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (WEST BENGAL) - 1713209
Abstract: The success of an industry depends on decision making ( MCDM) are coherently derived to
optimization of product cost and for achieving above goal manage the problem ( Shyur &Shih, 2006).Evaluating
Internal selection should be efficient. In the present study vendors many criteria including quantitative, such as cost,
an efficient Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) price as well as qualitative, a considerable number of
approach has been proposed for quality evaluation and decision models have been developed based on the MCDM
performance appraisal in vendor selection. Vendor theory.
selection is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) To resolve the problem, this paper suggests
problem influenced by several parameters which are in evaluating vendor using a multiple levels multiple criteria
linguistic. Multiple.Performance criteria/attributes. These decision making method under fuzzy logic method
criteria attributes may be both qualitative as well as maintenance alternative for industries planning of the basis
quantitative. Qualitative criteria estimates are generally of quantitative and qualitative factors formula are clearly
based on previous experience and perfomanance maker’s displayed. Classified to benefit and cost criteria has the
opinion on suitability. Therefore to quantity the linguistic larger the better, ratings of vendor and importance weights
variables fuzzy logic and set theory is used. The fuzzy set of all the criteria are assessed in linguistic values
theory helps in vagueness of the system. a fuzzy decision represented by fuzzy numbers.
approach is developed where are resourcing of vendors to Selection of fuzzy number & their membership
select suitable vendor for materials is made MCDM method functions.
has been illustrated in this reporting through a case study. Fuzzy logic of the scale function
Averaging the fuzzy numbers as given by the
Keywords: Vendor’s selection Fuzzy sets, Decision matrix, performance makers in terms linguistics variables.
Rank, Multiple criteria decision making, weight Determinations of fuzzy normalize weight.
Overall ranking of alternatives.
I. Introduction Finally result of multi criteria decision making
Iron and steel industry is an important basic In this paper the vendor selection by a MCDM for
industry for any industrial economy providing the primary these logic method identified a criteria based on product,
material for construction, automobile machinery and other cost ,quality ,service etc. these criteria short out the vendor
industries. the importance of maintenance function has by using the performance makers P1,P2,P3,P4,P5, and PN
increased due to its role in keeping and improving the these performance makers gives the data in a logistics
availability, product quality cost-effectiveness levels. variable weight of the criteria then we find the suitable
Maintenance costs constitute an important part of the vendor material
operating budget of manufacturing firms. Maintenance
selection is one of the most critical activities for many II. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK
industries. The selection of an appropriate maintenance may [1]The vendor selection a focus area of research
reduce the purchasing cost and also improve since the 1966s.literature (Dickson,1966; Weber
competitiveness. ,1991)several dimensions are mentioned that are important
It is impossible for a company to successfully for the multiple vendor
produce, low-cost, high-quality products without selectiondecision.nmaking,price,quality,delivery,performan
satisfactory maintenance. The selection of appropriate ce,history,capacity,service Production facilities and
maintenance has been one of the most important function technical capabilities etc. the problem is how to select
for a industries. If the relationship between a supplier and vendor that perform optimally on the desired dimensions.[2]
manufacturing industries. Many studies have pointed out Weber et al.(1991) reviewed 74 vendor(supplier)
that key is to set effective evaluation criteria for the supplier selection articles from 1966 to 1991 and showed that more
selection than 63% of them were in a multi criteria decision making.
Vendor selection is a common problem for acquiring other researchers also endorsed using a weighted linear
the necessary materials to support the output of method of multiple for the VSP. Gaballa (1974) is the
organizations. The problem is to find and evaluate first author who applied mathematical programming to a
periodically the best or most suitable vendor for the vendor selection problem in a real case. He used a mixed
organization based on various vendor. Due to the fact that integer programming .model to minimize the total
the evaluation always involves conflicting performance discounted price of it misallocated to the VSP. Weber
criteria of vendors. The techniques of multiple criteria
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and Current (1993) developed a multi objective MIP for normality with at least one element with degree of
vendor selection and order allocation among the selected
vendors .they applied the proposed model in a proposed x a x a
model in a practical case.[3] Buffa and Jackson (1983) and a x b a xb
Sharma et al. (1989), respectively, used linear and non- b a b a
linear mixed-integer goal programming (GP) for price, c x
1b x c
x b x c x
c a x d c x d
service level, delivery and quality goals. Failure base
maintenance (FBM) is performed when a failure or 0 c d
breakdown occurs, no action is taken to detect the onset of
or to present failure. The maintenance related costs are
0
usually high, but it may be considered cost effective in
certain cases.[4] fuzzy multi agent system is proposed for (a) fA is a continuous mapping from R to [0, 1];
ta-chung chu,Rangnath varma (2011),developed to depict (b) fA(x) = 0,∀ x ∈ (-∞,a ]
the relationship among parent criteria and their sub-criteria (c) fA is strictly increase on [a, b];
and criteria and the weight of all criteria,[5] amit karami (d) fA (x) = 1, x e [b, c];
and zhiling Gua We demonstrate that the fuzzy logic (e) fA is strictly decreasing on [c, d];(f) fA(x) = 0,∀ x ∈[d,∞);
approach provides a robust analysis for vendor selection, Where a, b, c and d are real numbers. We may let a -1, or a=b,
[6]eleonona botani ,Antonio Rizzi (2007) An adapted multi or b=c or c=d or d= +1
–criteria approach to suppliers and products selection An
application oriented to lead-time reduction. An extensive IV. OPERATIONS ON FUZZY NUMBERS
case study is presented to show the practical application of Let A=(a1,b1,c1,d1) and B= (a2,b2,c2,d2) are two
the methodology trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Then the operations [+,-
,×,÷] are expressed (Kaufmann and Gupta 1991) as.
III. METHOD OF SOLUTION
2.1 Fuzzy sets Let
A fuzzy set A can denoted by Ai = {(x, fA(x)) |x U}, where A B a1 , b1 , c1 , d1 ) ( a2 , b2 , c2 , d 2
U is universe of discourse, x is an element in U, A is a a1 a2 , b1 b2 , c1 c2 , d1 d 2
fuzzy set in fA(x) is the membership function of A x
(Kaufmann & gupta, 1991) the larger fA(x), the stronger the
A B ( a1 , b1 , c1 , d1 ) ( a2 , b2 , c2 , d 2 )
grade of membership for x in A
a1 d 2 , c1 b2 , c1 b2 , d1 a2
2.2 Fuzzy numbers
A real fuzzy number A is described as any fuzzy subset of
the real line R with membership function fA which A B a1 , b1 , c1 , d1 ( a2 , b2 , c2 , d 2 )
possesses the following properties (Dubois & Prade, 1978 a1 a2 , b1 b2 , c1 c2 , d1 d 2
Triangular L-R Fuzzy Number
1.0 A
a1. b1 , c1 , d1
B a2 , b2 , c2 , d 2
0.9
0.8
Membership Value
0.7
0.6 a b c d
0.5 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
0.4
d 2 c2 b2 a2
0.3
0.2 µ (X)
A
0.1
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Very Low Low More or Less Low Medium More or Less High High Very High
A B C
X (Input space)
Trapezoidal L-R Fuzzy Number
1.0
0.9
0.8
Membership Value
0.7
0.6
0.5
Left Right
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.1
WEIGHT
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
A B C D
X (Input space)
Fig. 2: Graphical representation of fuzzy numbers for
linguistic variables.
A fuzzy number is defined as a continuous fuzzy set
that contains convexity with one distinct peak and For the selection of location, seven fuzzy numbers are taken
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to describe the level of performance on decision criteria, to Step – 4:
avoid difficulties for an performance makers in
distinguishing subjectively between more than seven The normalized weight for each criteria (Ci) is
alternatives Salty (1977) obtained as Wj, Where J=1, 2… n. The normalized weight
Table 1 shows the fuzzy numbers associated with the for each criterion is obtained by dividing the Defuzzified
corresponding linguistic variables and the same is scores of each criterion by the total of all the criteria.
graphically represented in figure3. Rating of Suitable Locations:
In similar way as procedure adopted for the
Table 1: Fuzzy numbers and corresponding linguistic calculation of weight criteria, the rating of suitable location
variables is derived as:
Linguistic Variable Fuzzy Number • Locations suitable on each of the criteria are to
VL (Very low) (0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) be rated in the linguistic variables by the
performance makers, which is converted into
L (low) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) fuzzy numbers and the same is represented in
the matrix form (Fuzzy Decision Matrix).
ML/LL (more or less low ) (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) • The average fuzzy score matrix for each
M ( Medium) (0.4, 0.5, 0.5, 0.6) locations are obtained.
MH/LH (more or less high) (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8) • The crisp score (Defuzzified value) for each
location are obtained and same is represented in
H( High) (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9)
the matrix form as Xij, where i= 1,2 , m and J=
VH (Very high) (0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0) 1,2, , n. Where, m is the number of locations, n is
the number of criteria.
• Total aggregated score for locations against
Step – 1: each criteria is obtained as
The linguistic variables assigned by the experts for each
criteria is translated into fuzzy numbers and the same is TS = {Xij} {Wj}
represented in the matrix (Fuzzy Decision Matrix).
v11v12 v1 j v1m w1
Step – 2:
Let Ajar be the fuzzy number assigned to an vendor AI by v21v22 v2 j v2 m w2
the Perfomanance makers (Pk) for the decision criterion.
TS v w t
Cj, the average of fuzzy numbers is given as vi1vi 2 vij vim w j
Aij
1
a j i1 a j i 2 ...... a j ik ; k
p vn1vn 2 vnj vnm wn
=1,2………….p. On the basis of the total score obtained for
each location against decision criteria, overall scores are
The average fuzzy score matrix for each criteria is obtained, using simple average method, which provide
obtained. final ranking of locations.
V. CASE STUDY
Step – 3:
Steel industries purposed methodology allows the
The crisp score (Defuzzified values) for each criteria is
experts to rank the suitable vendor reelection for a
obtained. Defuzzification of fuzzy numbers is an operation
magnum steel limited Gwalior (India) companies on the
that produces a non fuzzy crisp value. Defuzzified value is
basis of different decision criteria in a more realistic
given by the following equation (Kaufman and Gupta,
manner. The advantage of fuzzy set theory facilitates the
1991).
assessment to be made on the basic of linguistic manner,
which corresponded to the real lie situations in a much
Trapezoidal fuzzy number
better way for simplicity five perfomanance makers E1,
E
a b c d E2,, E3, E4, E5 vendor selection projects, were consulted
4 to get the linguistic variables in terms of importance of
each of the delusion criteria used to rank the vendor for
Triangular fuzzy number each criteria’s (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5).
E
a 2b c 1. material cost(C1)
2. Semi –Raw material cost (C2)
4
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3. Transportation cost (C3) 30 33 30 0 9
4. Inventory and storage cost (C4)
C5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.93 0.80 0.253
5. Production Process cost (C5) 70 67 70 0 9
6. On time delivery (C6)
C6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.80 0.67 0.211
7. Percentage waste items (C7) 60 34 20 0 8
8. Flexibility in service (C8) C7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50 0.35 0.110
9. Financial position (C9) 00 00 00 0 0
10. Inspection (quality control) (C10) C8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.83 0.67 0.211
41 20 20 1 8
Table. 2 show the linguistic variables assigned by the C9 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.72 0.59 0.184
Perfomanance makers to each of the decision criteria are 22 80 42 0 1
define in the table -1 C10 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.72 0.60 0.190
70 67 70 0 7
Table 3: Linguistic variables assigned by the Perfomanance
maker’s Rating of alternatives (venders) on criterion (Xi j)
Criteria perfomanance maker’s Suitability of venders against each criteria are to be rated
and linguistic variables are assigned by the experts to the
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 venders table-3 are define in table-1 the linguistic variables
C1 H M H H VH are converted into fuzzy numbers
C2 H H H VH H
Table 5: Linguistics variables for alternatives
C3 MH H H VH VH
C1 V1 M L M L M
C4 MH MH M M M
V2 H M VH H M
C5 M M MH M M V3 VH M M VH VH
C6 H H VH H M V4 VH VH H VH VH
C7 MH VH M MH M V5 H H M H H
C2 V1 VH VH VH VH VH
C8 M MH MH M M
V2 H H H VL L
C9 VH H VH M H
V3 H VH VH VH VH
C10 MH MH M VH M V4 M M VH H VH
V5 VH VH M H H
The average fuzzy scores, defuzzifled values and C3 V1 L M M M M
normalized weight of criteria are obtained and given in table
3 V2 L M H M H
Table 3: Normalized weight of criteria V3 H VH H H VH
criter Parameter of average fuzzy Defu Norma V4 VH H H H VH
ia scores zz lized V5 M VH H VH H
ifled weight C4 V1 VH VH M H H
Valu VL M M H VH
e
V2
V3 VH VH H H M
C1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.89 0.80 0.250
V4 M H H VH M
70 67 70 0 0
V5 VH H M VH VH
C2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.72 0.60 0.190
70 67 70 0 6 C5 V1 M H M L M
C3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.92 0.80 0.253 V2 H L VL L M
70 68 70 0 7 V3 M M VL H H
C4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.78 0.66 0.209 V4 H VH M M H
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V5 H M H M VH V2 0.480 0.530 0.633 0.730 0.593
C6 V1 VH H VL H M V3 0.470 0.567 0.670 0.720 0.607
VH H M M H V4 0.330 0.433 0.530 0.450 0.436
V2 V5 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.550
V3 L VL M VL L C4 V1 0.733 0.830 0.930 0.980 0.868
V4 L L L H H V2 0.267 0.370 0.470 0.520 0.407
V5 VH H H H VH V3 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.550
C7 V1 VL M L VL L V4 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.550
V2 VL M M M H V5 0.533 0.630 0.730 0.801 0.494
V3 M M VL VL L C5 V1 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.350
V2 0.730 0.833 0.930 0.980 0.856
V4 H H L L VL
V3 0.670 0.767 0.870 0.920 0.807
V5 H VH VH M M
V4 0.470 0.470 0.567 0.720 0.557
C8 V1 VH M L H H
V5 0.530 0.633 0.730 0.820 0.679
V2 VL VL L M M
C6 V1 0.470 0.567 0.670 0.720 0.607
V3 H M H H H
V2 0.470 0.567 0.670 0.700 0.602
V4 L M H M H
V3 0.130 0.233 0.330 0.460 0.289
V5 M M H H H
V4 0.530 0.630 0.730 0.820 0.678
C9 V1 L M L L L
V5 0.470 0.570 0.670 0.720 0.608
V2 H M H M L
C7 V1 0.730 0.830 0.930 0.950 0.860
V3 L M VH H M
V2 0.530 0.630 0.730 0.820 0.678
V4 M VL L L L
V3 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.550
V5 H H M M VL
V4 0.330 0.430 0.500 0.670 0.483
C10 V1 H VL L VL VL
V5 0.530 0.630 0.730 0.820 0.678
V2 L H H H M
C8 V1 0.470 0.570 0.670 0.720 0.608
V3 L L VL VL VL
V2 0.730 0.830 0.930 0.980 0.868
V4 M L VL M VL
V3 0.670 0.767 0.870 0.890 0.800
V5 M L VL M H
V4 0.470 0.470 0.567 0.620 0.532
V5 0.530 0.633 0.730 0.820 0.679
Table 6: Average fuzzy scores and Defuzzified scores
C9 V1 0.470 0.567 0.670 0.720 0.606
criteria Vendo Average Fuzzy scores Defuzz
r ied V2 0.470 0.567 0.670 0.720 0.607
score V3 0.130 0.233 0.330 0.460 0.289
C1 V1 0.670 0.767 0.870 0.890 0.799 V4 0.530 0.630 0.730 0.820 0.678
V2 0.470 0.567 0.670 0.710 0.605 V5 0.470 0.570 0.670 0.720 0.608
V3 0.670 0.767 0.870 0.880 0.797 C10 V1 0.730 0.830 0.930 0.960 0.863
V4 0.530 0.633 0.730 0.800 0.674 V2 0.530 0.630 0.730 0.830 0.680
V5 0.670 0.767 0.870 0.900 0.802 V3 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.550
C2 V1 0.530 0.633 0.730 0.820 0.679 V4 0.330 0.430 0.500 0.640 0.476
V2 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.350 V5 0.530 0.630 0.730 0.820 0.678
V3 0.730 0.833 0.930 0.980 0.869 V4 0.467 0.567 0.667 0.767 0.617
V4 0.670 0.767 0.870 0.910 0.805 V5 333 0.433 0.530 0.620 0.479
V5 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 0.750
C3 V1 0.530 0.633 0.730 0.850 0.686
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The total scores for each vendor can be calculated matrix
as follows VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
V V2 V3 V4 V5 Wj Authors would like to thank to Vimal steel
1
corporation ltd., for providing data’s to create decision
C1 0.800 0.605 0.797 0.674 0.802 0.250 criteria & also thank to Perfomanance maker’s for
C2 0.679 0.350 0.869 0.805 0.750 0.190 providing linguistic variables to apply fuzzy multi criteria
C3 0.686 0.593 0.607 0.436 0.550 0.253 decision approach for selecting the best vendor for a
companies.
C4 0.868 0.407 0.550 0.550 0.494 0.209
C5 0.350 0.856 0.807 0.557 0.679 0.254
REFERENCES
C6 0.607 0.602 0.289 0.678 0.608 0.213
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C8 0.608 0.808 0.800 0.532 0.629 0.212
based on DEA,international Scientific Advances in
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[4] Dickson, Weber, Multi objective linear model for
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