Philosophy is the study of fundamental problems concerning existence, knowledge, values, reason, and language. Pre-Socratic philosophers were primarily concerned with cosmology and rejected mythological explanations in favor of reasoned discourse. In the 5th century BCE, Greek philosophy began to direct its thinking towards human life due to lack of proof for cosmological assertions. This led to the emergence of the Sophists who argued that truth and morality were relative. Socrates pursued rational thought to discover philosophical absolutes, in disagreement with the Sophists' view of relative truth.

1. Block of contents 1: Philosophy

2. PHILOSOPHYCAL GLOSSARY
• 1.- PHILOSOPHY: literally "love of wisdom"is the study of fundamental problems
concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and
language.
• 2.- MYTH: symbolic narrative of how the world began, how was the origin of
natural phenomena…
• 3.- LOGOS: Order, knowledge, reason (term of Heraclitus)
• 4.- KNOWLEDGE: awareness or understanding of someone or something, such
as facts, information
• 5.- OPINION: is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive.
• 6.- ABSTRACT vs. CONCRETE/SPECIFIC : Abstract and concrete are classifications
that denote whether a term describes an object with a physical referent or one
with no physical referents. An abstract object is an object which does not exist at
any particular time or place, but rather exists as a type of thing, i.e., an idea
• 7.- REASON: is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, applying logic,
establishing and verifying facts, and changing or justifying practices, institutions,
and beliefs based on new or existing information

3. • 8.- SENSE: A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that
provides data for perception. Humans have a multitude of senses.
Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. // Common sense is a basic
ability to perceive, understand and judge things, which is shared by
nearly all people
• 9.- ARCHÉ: is a Greek word that means "beginning“ or "origin“. It
was first used by Anaximander
• 10.- CAUSE: is the relationship between one event and another.
• 11.- MONISM: philosophical view that a variety of existing things
can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance
• 12.- DUALISM: Moral dualism is the belief of the great complement
or conflict between the benevolent and the malevolent
• 13.- PLURALISM: a doctrine according to which many rather
than one (monism) or two (dualism) basic substances make up
reality
• 14.- SUBSTANCE: an ontological theory positing that a substance is
distinct from its properties
• 15.- PREJUDICE: is prejudgement or forming an opinion before
becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case

4. Black sabbath
• In the 15th and 16th centuries, inquisitors
seemed to believe that women could make
magic happen by entering into pacts with the
devil. It was thought that at sabbaths –
nocturnal meetings with other witches –
women renounced their Christian faith,
devoured babies, participated in orgies and
committed other carnal and unspeakable acts.

5. MAGIC OR MEDICINE?
Sealskin could quite happily be used as a charm to repel lightning;
vulture body parts could be used as a protective amulet; and
gardeners could get virgins to plant their olive trees
A number of healing practices from the Middle Ages also sound very
much like magic to a modern reader: one doctor instructed
physicians to place the herb vervain in their patient’s hand. The
presence of the herb would, it was thought, cause the patient to
speak his or her fate truthfully, offering the physician an accurate
prognosis.
• Sealskin: piel de foca
• Healing: curación

6. THE EASTERN PHILOSOPHY

8. Buddishm
PATH:
CAMINO

9. Buddhism

10. • In groups, characteristics of the Eastern
Philosophy

11. PHILOSOPHY
1.- Pre-Socratic philosophers: the question about
the cosmos
-Before Socrates
-The pre-Socratics were primarily concerned
with cosmology. They were distinguished from
"non-philosophers" insofar as they rejected
mythological explanations in favor of reasoned
discourse
Insofar: en tanto que

12. • 2.- Giro antropológico de la filosofía griega siglo
V a.c.
-Carencia de pruebas a las afirmaciones de los
cosmólogoslos filósofos empiezan a dirigir su
pensamiento hacia la vida humana
-CONTEXTO:
1.- Crisis Grecia Guerras del Peloponeso
2.- Democracia Ateniense
-SURGIMIENTO DE LOS SOFISTAS SOPHIST

15. • PROTAGORAS: RELATIVISM this is
interpreted as a claim of the relativity of the
truth of all judgments to the experience or
belief of the individual making the judgment,
i.e., as subjectivism.

16. SOFISTAS
• https://prezi.com/xdpjeeflzf2r/los-sofistas/

17. …AGAINST SOPHISTS…SOCRATES
• The primary difference between Socrates and the Sophists
seems to lie in a disagreement on whether or not a truth
(or knowledge) might be absolute.
• Socrates (and Plato) pursued a line of rational thought
intended to discover or determine real philosophical
absolutes.
• The Sophists argued that truth and morality were relative.
They "claimed that the value of actions varied according to
circumstances, that knowledge was necessarily imperfect,
and that truth was relative"
• Pursue: perseguir

18. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvY3VW
e4O4k The Ideas of Socrates

19. COMENTARIO DE TEXTOS
• http://www.e-torredebabel.com/Historia-de-
la-
filosofia/Filosofiagriega/Presocraticos/Esceptic
ismo.htm