The document outlines the principles of blood grouping and typing, emphasizing Landsteiner’s law and various blood group systems including Rh factor. It discusses the importance of blood grouping in transfusions, hemolytic disease of newborn, paternity disputes, and medicolegal cases. Additionally, it covers methods of blood typing, criteria for donors, and different blood components and anticoagulants used in transfusions.

1. Blood Grouping&
Typing

2. Principle

3. Landsteiner’s law
• If an antigen is present on a patient’s red
blood cells , the corresponding antibody will
not be present in the patient’s plasma under
normal conditions.

4. Rh system
• Rh factor
• If it is present Rh D-
Positive
• If it is absent Rh D-
Negative

5. Methods
• Slide or Tile
• Tube
• Microplate
• Gel system

15. GROUP A
GROUP B
GROUP AB

17. • Advantages
1. Preliminary typing tests
2. Use during camps
• Disadvantages
1. Less sensitive
2. Drying of reaction giving rise to false positive
tests

18. Frequently Asked
Questions

19. Importance of
Blood grouping • Blood transfusion: Blood grouping and
cross matching are always done prior to
blood transfusion to any person.
• Haemolytic disease of newborn: There is a
role of Rh and ABO blood grouping in HDN.
• Paternity disputes: ABO and Rh blood
grouping are used as a routine test in such
cases. It is possible to disprove parentage
but impossible to prove parenthood.
• Medicolegal use: In criminal cases, whether
a stain is blood or not, and its blood group
can be detected.
• Susceptibility to various diseases:
Persons with blood group O are more
susceptible to peptic ulcer while persons with
blood group A are more susceptible to gastric
cancer

20. Discussion…
Other grouping system:
• Lewis
• MNSs
• Kell
• Duffy
• Kidd
• Lutheran
• P
• Ii

21. Cross Matching
• Major cross match
Mixing donor’s red cells with recipient’s serum
• Minor cross match
Patient’s cell with donor’s plasma

22. Bombay blood group
• Blood group which lacks
-A
-B
-H antigens.
• Anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B, and anti-H present in the
serum.
• Can only be transfused with blood from another
Bombay

23. Transfusion reactions
• Hemolytic transfusion reaction
• Non hemolytic transfusion reactions
-Febrile illness
-Utricaria
-Anaphylaxis
-Circulatory overload
-Pulmonary edema
-GVHD

24. Donor criteria
• Age:
18-60yrs
• Weight:
Minimum 45 kg
• Haemoglobin:
Minimum 12.5gm/dl
• Normal vitals

25. Types of blood grouping
• Forward typing
The unknown test cells are antigen typed
against potent and specific anti-A & anti-B
• Reverse typing
The unknown serum is tested against known
group A & group B cells

26. • Universal donor
O Blood group
• Universal recipient
AB Blood group

27. Screening
• Malaria
• Syphilis
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• HIV 1&2

28. Blood components
• Packed red cells
• Fresh frozen plasma
• Platelet rich plasma
• Cryoprecipitate
• Leukocyte poor red cell concentrate
• Platelet concentrate
• Granulocyte concentrate
• Single donor plasma
• Cryo poor plasma

29. Anticoagulants
• Acid Citrate Dextrose
• Citrate Phosphate Dextrose
• Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1
• Additive solution: ADSOL/SAG-M

30. Plasma Derivatives
• Albumin
• Plasma protein fraction
• Factor VIII concentrate
• Fibrinogen
• Immunoglobulins
• Other coagulation factors

32. Thank you