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Similar to ABO SYSTEM.pptx blood grouping comptability
ABO SYSTEM.pptx blood grouping comptability
- 2. Blood group systems •ABO • MNS • P • Rh • Lutheran • Kell • Dewis
- 3. ABO SYSTEM • Bloodgrouping system • Discovered by landsteiner in 1900 • ABO System results in four major blod groups: • A,B,AB,O
- 4. PRINCIPLE • The redcells contain different types of antigens( agglutinogen),while plasma contains naturally occurring antibodies (agglutinins) • In order to determine the blood group of an individual ,the red cells are allowed to react with sera containing known antibody (agglutinin)
- 5. agglutination • The interactionbetween an antibody and a particulate antigen results in visible clumping called agglutination. • Antibodies that produce such reactions are called as agglutinins
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- 7. • ABO bloodgrouping system divides blood into 4 groups (A,B,AB,O) based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the RBC surfaces and naturally occurring antibodies anti-a and anti-b on serum.
- 9. • RBC froma person with blood group 0 contain no antigen; so no agglutination occurs-universal donor • Bombay blood group -0 blood group (Anti A +Anti B ANTIBODIES +anti H Antibodies) • RBC from a person with blood group AB contain both A and B antigens, so agglutination occurs in both because no antibodies are present in his serum –universal recipient
- 10. Rhesus system • Thesecond system is called the rhesus system and is classified as rhesus positive (+) and rhesus negative (-). • The Rh is derived from the use of the blood of rhesus monkeys in the basic test for determining the presence of the Rh antigen in human blood. • If this RhD antigen is present, the blood group isRhD positive. If it's absent, the blood group is RhD
- 11. Rhesus system • Rhblood group was reported by Landsteiner and weiner in 1940. • Rh antigens are present on RBC • Rh antibodies develop in response to known stimulus (blood transfusion, or pregnancy)
- 12. Methods of rhgrouping • Slide method • Tube method
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- 15. Cross matching • Beforeblood transfusion , a cross match is a prerequisite • It is done to avoid reactions of mismatched transfusion • Donor recipient compatibility is tested by matching recipient’s serum and donor red cells
- 16. procedure • In asmall test tube, place a drop of recipient’s serum. • Add washed donor red cells suspended in 5% saline • Mix the two and incubate at 37% for 30 mins • Centrifuge at 3000 rpm for one minute
- 17. • After dislodgingthe cell palette gently from the centrifuge tube, examine it for presence or absence of agglutination and haemolysis, first grossly and then under the microscope.
- 18. interpretation • If thereis no agglutination or haemolysis, the donor recipient blood groups are matched • In a mismatch ,there is either haemolysis or agglutination or both.
- 20. Importance of bloodgrouping and cross matching • Done prior to blood transfusion • Paternity disputes ABO and rh grouping is done • Medicolegal use in criminal cases • Suspectibility to various diseases –o blood group are suspectible to peptic ulcer • A blood group-gastric cancer • Routine health checkup
- 21. Donor screening • Itis done to minimize risks both to the recipient and to the donor. • First layer of defense • The WHO Recommends a lower limit of 18 for donating blood and upper limit to 65 years of age. • Consent is taken before donation
- 23. Blood donor screeningform • Hb, blood group, vitals-current health of the donor • Last Donation; if any;date • Last meal • History of infections such as HIV/MALARIA/HEP • Antibiotics consumption in 2 weeks • Alcohol consumption in 24 hours • respiratory disease, • Heart disease, • Liver disease, • allergy, • Epilepsy ,diabetes, BP,Cancer,
- 24. • History oflast 6-12 months :- Dengue, Typhoid, malaria, chikunguniya, chickenpox • Tooth extraction • Animal bite • Hep A,E • History of surgery in 1 year • Tattoo in last 1 year • Injection drug use