The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. In the capillaries, gases and nutrients are exchanged. The gastrointestinal system converts food into molecules that are distributed and excretes waste. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and glands. Food is broken down and absorbed in the small intestine and undigested material passes to the large intestine for water absorption before excretion.

2. Blood Circulation
&
Gastro-intestinal System

3. Blood Circulation
• It consist of the :-
Heart
Blood Vessels.
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

4.  The circulatory system carries two types of blood
 Arrangement of the circulatory system means that these
two types of blood do not mix.
Oxygen-rich
blood
Oxygen-poor
blood
Blood travelling
to the body cells
High oxygen content
Low carbon dioxide content
 Blood travelling
away from the body cells
 Low oxygen content
 High carbon dioxide content

5. • Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
• All arteries , exception of the pulmonary arteries , carry oxygenated
blood.
• Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to heart.
• Veins is a blood vessel that carries blood back toward the heart.
• Veins carry low oxygen blood from the tissues back to the heart except
pulmonary veins.
• Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated rich blood from lungs to the left
atrium of the heart.

6. • Capillaries are where all of the important exchange happens in circulatory
system.
• The capillaries are single cell in diameter to aid fast & easy diffusion of gases,
sugar and other nutrient to surrounding tissues.

7. • Our heart consist of 4-chamber
Two Atria
 Upper chambers
 Left and right
Two Ventricles
 Lower chambers
 Left and right
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium

8. • The major blood vessels connected to your heart are the aorta.
• The superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, the pulmonary artery (which
takes oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated), the
pulmonary veins (which bring oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart).
• It is divided into the left and right side by a wall called the septum.
• The atria and ventricles work together, contracting and relaxing to pump blood
out of the heart.
• As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve.

9. • There are four heart valves within the heart:
1. Mitral valve
2. Tricuspid valve
3. Aortic valve
4. Pulmonic valve (also called pulmonary valve).
• The right and left sides of the heart work together.
• Right side
• Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena
cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium.
• As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right
ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.

10. • When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from
flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.
• As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve,
into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

11. • Left side
• The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left
atrium.
• As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left
ventricle through the open mitral valve.
• When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from
flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.
• As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into
the aorta and to the body.

12. • The atria and ventricles work together, alternately contracting and relaxing to
make the heart beat and pump blood.
• The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells called the SA node
(Sinoatrial node), located in the right atrium. This node is known as the heart's
natural pacemaker.
• The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to
contract.
• The centre of the heart between the atria and ventricles, the AV node
(atrioventricular node) is like a gate that slows the electrical signal before it
enters the ventricles.

14. Gastrointestinal System
• It consist of mouth, oesophagus, stomach
, gut made of small and large intestinal
and rectum , as well as the liver ,
pancreas, gall bladder, and salivary
glands.
• It convert food into small, nutritional,
non-toxic molecules for distribution by
the circulation to all tissue of the body
and excrete the unused food.

15. • Food eaten with mouth enter stomach through a flexible tube called oesophagus.
• Mouth begin digestion by mechanically breaking up the solid food particle into
smaller pieces and mixing them with saliva secreted by salivary glands.
• The enzyme in saliva break down food caught in the teeth, protecting them from
bacteria that causes decay.

16. • Stomach has three function
1) To kill any bacteria ingested.
2) To break down the food into smaller pieces to create a large surface area for
easier digestion.
3) To hold food and release it at a constant rate.

17. • Liver plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of function in the body
such as the decomposition of RBC, plasma protein synthesis, detoxification.
• The liver is also the largest gland in the human body.
• Liver makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins.

18. • Gall bladder is small non-vital organ which aids in the digestive process and store
by liver.
• Pancreas makes a digestive juice that has enzymes that break down
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
• The pancreas delivers the digestive juice to the small intestine through small
tubes called ducts.

19. • The largest part of digestion take place in the small intestine that is located below
the stomach.
• Small intestine is about five time larger than large intestine , it is called due to
small in diameter comparable to large intestine.
• Small intestine consist of 1000 of finger like outgrowth called villi.
• Villi increases surface area for absorption of digested food.
• Villi has network of a thin and small blood vessel to its surface.

20. • The surface of villi absorb the digested food material and transported via blood
vessels to different organs of the body , where they are used to build complex
substance such as the proteins required by our bofy.
• The food that remain undigested and unabsorbed passes into large intestine.
• The function of large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible
food matter and then this useless water material remove from the body.