SLIDE NO.2

1. BLOOD

2. The Structure and Function of Blood

3. Composition of Blood

5. Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells
Most abundant cell in the blood
— Formed in the bone marrow
— Mature forms do NOT have a nucleus
— Shaped as biconcave disks, 7-8 micrometers in diameter
—Life span of about 120 days, mostly destroyed in spleen
— Hemoglobin (iron protein)is found in the RBC
— Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and
carbon dioxide binds to the RBC and is taken to the lungs to be exhaled.
Functions:
Tansport haemoglobin, so helps in respiration
Maintain acid-base balance, iron balance and viscosity of blood
Pigments like bilirubin derived from Hb
HEMATOCRIT- Proportion of blood that is red blood cells
Hematocrit of adult male is 42 and female is 38

6. Leukocytes or White Blood Cells
—Largest sized blood cells
— Lowest numbers in the blood (4,500 – 11,000 per microliter)
— Formed in the bone marrow and some in lymph glands
—Size is 8-20 micrometers in diameter
— Life span is few hours only
—Contain nuclei with DNA, the shape depends on type of cell
—Occurs outside blood cells (spleen, liver, lymph nodes0
Functions:
— Primary cells of the immune system (Fights disease and foreign invaders)
—Phagocytosis
—Certain WBCs produce antibodies
—Secretion of heparin, formation of fibroblasts
—There are five different types of WBCs
•Neutrophils
•Eosinophils
•Basophils
•Lymphocytes
•Monocytes

7. Thrombocytes or Platelets
— Formed in the bone marrow
— Smallest of the blood cells (1-4 micrometers in diameter)
— Shape can be round, oval, mostly appear spiky
— Life span of around 8-12 days
— 150,000 – 400,000 per microliter of blood (30000 pletelets per
microlitre are formed )each day
Functions
— Initiate blood clotting process (Seal wounds and prevent blood loss)
— Help repair damaged blood vessels (endothelial lining of capillaries)

8. Body parts that produce RBC
yolk sac-primitive nucleated RBC
liver, spleen and lymoh nodes
bone marrow (upto 5yrs all bones)

9. (Present in plasma)
Carbonic acid
Buffering power of whole blood

10. Haematopoiesis

11. Genesis of RBCs
Bone marrow to
blood capillaries

13. Glycoprotein
MW 34000

15. • Factors regulating erythropoisis
– Hormones (erythropoietin, thyroid, corticosteroids etc.)
– Vitamins ( Vit B12, folic acid, Vit C that absorbs iron)
– Minerals (iron and copper)

18. 4-5gm

27. Contain anti bactericidal agents
superoxide (O2-), H2O2, OH-
myeloperoxidases (H2O2 + Cl- ----> HClO; hypochlorite)
Mycobacterium can resist lysosomal digestion and can survive within macrophages to
cause Tuberculosis
Bactericidal

45. 11 proteins

50. Blood Volume
• Total amount of blood in circulation and in store is called the
blood volume
• Adult- approximately 5 liters of blood
• Males have 7.5% higher blood than females
• Blood volume is regulated by kidney
• Regulated by hormones

51. BLOOD GROUPS