Bitumen is a hydrocarbon material that is soluble in carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride. It is found naturally or produced from petroleum distillation and can exist as a gas, liquid, semi-solid, or solid. Bitumen is used as a binding material in pavements, soil stabilization, and wearing courses like primers and surface dressings. When heated, bitumen decreases in viscosity and can be mixed with aggregates at high temperatures to form hot bituminous mixes or at lower temperatures for cold mixes. Bitumen has better binding and waterproofing properties than tar and is preferred for construction. Different types of bitumen include paving grade, cutback, emulsion, and polymer-modified varieties, each with their

1. BITUMINOUS
MATERIALS

2. Bitumen - Definition
According to ASTM -
“Bitumen is hydrocarbon material of either
natural or pyrogenous origin found in
gaseous, liquid, semi-solid or solid form and
is completely soluble in carbon-disulphide,
carbon tetra chloride”
Bitumen

3. Introduction
• At normal range of temp – semi solid state
• When heated viscosity decreases
• For construction of pavements – heated from 130 to
175°C
• Mixing with aggregates at high temp – Hot
• bituminous mix
• Mixing with aggregates at low or normal temperature –
Cold bituminous mix

4. Introduction
• Used in pavements
• Binding material
• Soil stabilization
• Used in wearing course
 Primer
 Patch works
 Surface dressing etc.,
• Bitumen, Tar are not same.

5. Bitumen and Tar
• Black or dark colored solid, viscous
cementitious substance.
• Bitumen is petroleum product – obtained by
distillation of crude petroleum or naturally
available in asphalt.
• Coal tar – by product in destructive distillation
of coke

6. Bitumen and Tar
• Bitumen
 Excellent Binding properties
 Good water proofing surface
• Tar
 Highly temperature susceptible
 Pollutant
 Poor adhesion in presence of water
 Bitumen preferred over Tar
 Carcinogen - any substance that promotes carcinogenesis,
the formation of cancer

7. Functions of Binders
• Used in surface course
• Used in base course depending on traffic
• Used in preparation of mixes
• Used as prime coat over granular base course
• Used in soil stabilization
• Sealer material for filling joints, cracks in cc pavements

8. Types
• Paving grade bitumen
• Cutback bitumen
• Bitumen Emulsion
• Modified bitumen binders

9. Paving Grade Bitumen
• This bitumen is mainly used in the preparation of
hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses.
• Bitumen penetration grade 40/60 is preferred
as standard.
Bitumen grade of 80/100, 60/70, 30/40 are also used
with their own characteristics.
• It has thermoplastic property.

10. Cutback Bitumen
• To have fluid consistency at normal temp, with low
heating – cutback bitumen is used
• Dilution of paving grade in volatile solvents – kerosene,
light fuel oil etc.,
• Hardening rate depends on the grade and
characteristics of bitumen and solvent.
• RC, MC, SS

11. Cutback Bitumen
• RC is recommended for surface dressing and
patchwork.
• MC is recommended for premix with less
quantity of fine aggregates.
• SS is used for premix with appreciable quantity
of fine aggregates.

12. Bitumen Emulsion
• To get fluid consistency
• Dispersing bitumen globules in aqueous solution (i.e.,
water with dispersing agent)
• 60% water, remaining bitumen
• Cold bituminous mix
• Properties depend on grade, water quantity, emulsifier

13. Modified Bitumen Binders
• To improve the properties of bitumen
• Additives are mixed
• Polymer modified bitumen is used only in wearing
course depending on the severity of climatic and
weather conditions

14. Advantages of Modified Bitumen
• Lower susceptibility to daily and seasonal temperature
variations
• Higher resistance to deformation at high pavement
temperature
• Better age resistance properties
• Higher fatigue life for mixes
• Better adhesion between aggregates and binder
• Prevention of cracking and reflective cracking

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