aviation research

2. INTRODUCTION
 Name : Gnanender Reddy.Nanga
 Assessor : Mrs.Nina Ramchandra
 Batch : I4
 Course : AVITION,HOSPITALITY AND
TRAVEL MANAGEMENT
 Year : 2011 - 2012

3. Research topic
Bird strike

4. Identifying field of research
and justifying the choice
1. Why is a bird, or flock of birds coming
into contact with an airplane an issue?
2. When do bird strikes occur?
3. What parts of an airplane are most
often affected by bird strikes?
4. Why Birds Like Airports?
5. What can airlines do to reduce the
incidence of bird strikes?
6. Why Bird Strikes Still Happen…

5. • Since I selected cabin crew job as my
profession it is essential for me to
understand the bird hit the types of
damage and the effect on the safety of the
aircraft and the passengers so that I can
assure the passenger and calm them
down as very often the passengers get
panache during such situations

6. Acknowledgement
I am really thankful for our aviation
faculty for helping me to complete
this research and I am also
grateful to frankfinn for providing
an opportunity to learn about
Aviation.

7. Research proposal

8. Hypothesis
I propose to study the causes of bird
strikes occur, what parts of an
airplane are most often affected
by bird strikes, Why Birds Like
Airports, What dose airlines do to
reduce the incidence of bird
strikes and Why dose Bird Strikes
Still Happen…

9. Primary and secondary
sources
Data
Primary source Secondary source
Internet
News papers
Discussion with
Magazine
aviation faculty

10. Critical analysis of the
source

11. Review schedule
Identifying field of
10-sec 2010 research and 15-sec 2010 What parts of an
Hypothesis airplane are most
often affected by
16-sec 2010
11-sec 2010 What is bird strike? bird strikes?
12-sec 2010 Why is a bird, or flock 17-sec 2010
of birds coming into What are airlines do
contact with an to reduce the
13-sec 2010 airplane an issue? 18-sec 2010 incidence of bird
strikes?
14-sec 2010 When do bird strikes 19-sec 2010
occur?

12. Review schedule
20-sec 2010 Modifying Habitat 25-sec 2010
The Times of India
Modifying Bird recent Bird-hit news
21-sec 2010 26-sec 2010
Behavior
Modifying Plane
22-sec 2010 27-sec 2010 Final review
Behavior
Why Bird Strikes Still 28-sec 2010
23-sec 2010 Happen… corrections
FAA Wildlife Strike Presentation &
24-sec 2010 Database 29-sec 2010 submission

13. Methods for conducting the
research
I will go through all the articles in the
internet. I will read all the magazines' and
all the articles' available in it and critically
analyze the essential matter ill try and
meet the cabin crew who have actually
experienced the bird hit and record their
experience/statments

14. Code of ethics
1.I shall put in my 100% in doing this project
2. I shell be sincere towards my work
3. I will not commit plagiarism
4. I shill bring my work during the decided time
for reviews
5.I will not offend the society by touching on
any sensitive issues
6.I will keep the confidentiality of the matter to
my project and to the institute
7. I shall not do anything that will spoil the
reputation of the frankfinn institute

15. Definition of bird strike
A bird strike or bird aircraft strike
hazard is a collision between a bird (one
or more than one) and an aircraft. Geese
and gulls are two birds that often cause
damage because of their weight and size.

16. Why is a bird, or flock of birds
coming into contact with an
airplane an issue?
Birds are a
threat to safety for crew
and passengers on
board as they can
cause a great deal of
damage to an airplane
in a short period of
time. Sometimes the
lack of time to recover
can lead to injuries or
fatalities.

17. When do bird strikes occur?
 Bird strikes most often occur during take-off or landing, or
during low altitude flight, when an airplane is most likely to be
sharing the same airspace as a bird. Occasionally, they occur
at higher altitudes.
 Take-offs can be particularly dangerous, given the higher
speeds and the angle of ascent. If a bird gets caught in an
engine during take-off it can greatly affect the functionality of
the engine.
 Not all encounters with a moving airplane and a moving bird
lead to major damage. The most common time for damaging
bird strikes to occur is during spring and fall migration periods
when birds are flying in groups.

18. During take-off
During landing

19. What parts of an airplane are
most often affected by bird
strikes?
Usually the
Nose, Engine or
forward part of an
aircraft's wing are
affected.

21. Why Birds Like Airports
Large flocks of birds are hazardous to
aircraft, and unfortunately birds enjoy the habitat
around many busy airports. Because airports are
placed on the fringe of large urban centers, they
frequently have large tracts of unused, undeveloped
land surrounding them as noise and safety buffers. It
is that undeveloped land that is attractive to birds,
particularly as suitable habitat shrinks due to urban
expansion. Many airports are also near substantial
wetlands or drainage ponds – water is a superb noise
dampener – which is attractive to migratory waterfowl,
gulls and other large birds that can present the most
dangerous threats to aircraft.

22. What are airlines do to reduce
the incidence of bird strikes?
Airports have initiatives that
are commonly known as bird management
or bird control. Areas around the
aerodrome are made as unappealing as
possible to birds. Also, devices are used to
scare off birds - sounds, lights, decoy
animals, and dogs are a few examples.

23. Reduce the incidence of bird
strikes

24. There are three general ways to
minimize airplane bird strikes:
1.Modifying the birds’ habitat,
2.Controlling the birds’ behavior
3.Modifying the aircrafts’ behavior.
Airports that have had the most
success with minimizing bird strikes have
employed all three methods through
various techniques.

25. Modifying Habitat
Modifying the habitat surrounding an airport
so it will not appeal to birds is an easy way to
encourage wild birds to seek alternative roosting and
feeding grounds. Effective measures include:
1.Removing seed-bearing plants to eliminate food
sources
2.Using insecticides or pesticides to eliminate food
sources for insect-eating birds
3.Covering nearby ponds with netting to prevent birds
from landing
4.Removing brush and trees that serve as attractive
nesting sites

26. Modifying Bird Behavior
Several methods can be used to effectively
modify birds’ behavior so they will not stay near an airport.
These techniques do not harm the birds but encourage them
to avoid the airport.
1.Using sonic cannons, recorded predator calls and other
noise generators to disrupt birds
2.Using lasers at dawn and dusk to simulate predators and
scare birds away
3.Flying trained falcons over roosting areas or training dogs
to track through the habitat and teach birds that the area has
many predators
4.As a last resort, birds may be captured and relocated if
they cannot be encouraged to leave the area naturally.

27. Modifying Plane Behavior
Learning to work with the birds by
modifying flight paths and schedules can help
minimize bird strikes. While these methods may not be
feasible at all airports, they can be used to help the
airport work in harmony with the wildlife surrounding it.
1.Training spotters with binoculars and scopes to
pinpoint hazardous birds areas and directing planes to
different runways or approaches
2.Using radar equipment to track the movement and
density of bird flocks to predict their behavior and
manage other control techniques more effectively
3.Adjusting flight times to avoid the busiest hours for
bird activity, such as early morning and late evening

28. Why Bird Strikes Still Happen…
Despite the best use
of multiple deterrent methods
and wildlife
management, airplane bird
strikes still happen. As airports
become busier and schedule
flights with greater frequency
and alternative habitats
continue to shrink, more and
more birds will seek refuge
near airports, causing
potentially dangerous
situations. Airports must
constantly be on the alert for
other fliers in the skies, and as
new control and deterrent
techniques are developed, it is
hoped that bird strikes can
continue to be minimized.

29. • Bird strikes are a significant threat to flight safety,
and have caused a number of accidents with
human casualties. The number of major accidents
involving civil aircraft is quite low and it has been
estimated that there is only about 1 accident
resulting in human death in one billion flying hours.
The majority of bird strikes (65%) cause little
damage to the aircraft; however, the collision is
usually fatal to the bird.
• Most accidents occur when the bird hits the
windscreen or flies into the engines. These cause
annual damages that have been estimated at
$400 million within the United States of America
alone and up to $1.2 billion to commercial aircraft
worldwide.

30. FAA Wildlife Strike Database
• The FAA Wildlife Strike
Database contains records
of reported wildlife strikes
since 1990. Strike reporting
is voluntary. Therefore, this
database only represents
the information we have
received from
airlines, airports, pilots, and
other sources.
(http://wildlife-
mitigation.tc.faa.gov/wildlife/
strikeedit.aspx)

31. Quick Facts On FAA
• The FAA has maintained a wildlife strike database
since 1990.
• The FAA wildlife strike database has recorded
over 121,000 (Civil and USAF) wildlife strikes
between 1990 and 2010.
• 92% of the bird strikes to commercial aircraft occur
at or below 3,500 ft AGL (above ground level).
• In 2010, 52% of the birds struck were identified to
the species level.
• During the five years between 2006 - 2010, there
was an average of 26 strikes reported each day.

32. The Times of India recent Bird-
hit news
• Bird-hit plane lands safely(TNN Aug 9, 2011,
04.20am IST)
VISAKHAPATNAM: More than a hundred
passengers of a Jet Airways flight coming from
Mumbai had a lucky escape after the plane was hit by
a bird during landing at Visakhapatnam airport on
Monday afternoon.
A bird got sucked into the engine a few minutes
before the Mumbai-Vizag flight was to land around
12.40 pm. However, the pilot managed to land the
plane smoothly. The return flight was cancelled. About
100 passengers, who were to travel to Mumbai for the
1 pm return flight, had to take alternative flights. Some
of them cancelled their journey, sources said.

33. • Kingfisher plane suffers bird hit at airport,
passengers safe (PTI Nov 15, 2010,
11.46am IST)
MUMBAI: A Kingfisher aircraft from Delhi
with 160 people on board Monday suffered a
bird hit while landing at the airport here that
left its engine damaged.
All the 153 passengers and seven crew
members who were on flight IT-302 flight are
safe, an airline spokesperson said, adding
the aircraft has been grounded after the
incident that occurred around 9 AM this
morning.

34. • Kingfisher, Air India plane suffer bird hit, tyre
burst
(Written on 15 Nov, 2010 at 17:14 in India)
New Delhi/Lucknow: In two air incidents, an Air
India aircraft had a tyre-burst while landing and a
Kingfisher plane suffered a bird hit during take-off
today but around 300 persons who were on board
the planes were safe.
Passengers of the Varanasi-bound Air India
flight from Mumbai had a miraculous escape as
the plane suffered a tyre-burst during landing for a
scheduled halt at the Amausi airport in Lucknow
this morning, airport sources in Lucknow said.The
sources said there were around 150 passengers
and crew on board IC-195 and all are safe. Air
India officials were not available for comments.

35. • Delhi-bound plane bird hit, makes emergency landing
(Chinmayi Shalya, TNN Oct 9, 2010, 06.34am IST)
MUMBAI: Bird menace around the runway at Mumbai airport came
in the way of smooth flight movements on Friday morning, forcing
one flight to return mid-way and another to do a go-around. A
Kingfisher flight to Delhi suffered a bird-hit and returned to Mumbai
airport after 12 minutes of being air-borne.
Just as the Kingfisher flight took off from Mumbai airport at
6.21 am, the pilot heard a loud thud on the right side and suspected
a bird-hit. Since the aircraft, an Airbus A321, had already crossed its
decision speed, the pilot was unavailable to abort take-off. He
immediately informed the Air Traffic Control (ATC) and asked for a
priority landing. The flight landed safely at 6.33 am with 120
passengers on board. The passengers were later moved to another
aircraft, which left Mumbai at 8:45 am. Officials said that the engine
of the aircraft suffered significant damage and it seemed that a "big
bird`` had hit the aircraft. An airline spokesperson confirmed the
incident.

36. • Dabolim: In a second such incident in two days, an Air India
flight travelling from Kuwait to Chennai via Goa was hit by a
bird while landing at the Dabolim airport on Saturday morning.
The flight had 123 passengers and six crew on board. No
injuries were reported.
Airport officials told TOI that the incident occurred at
around 7.45am as the plane was in the process of landing.
"Air Traffic Control noticed a bird hit the engine. The bird was
comparatively smaller (than Thursday's kite that hit the
ArkeFly plane) and the pilot appeared not to have noticed the
hit. ATC immediately alerted the pilot. The landing was
however smooth and soon after passengers were
disembarked, the aircraft was taken to the civil enclave where
the damage to the engine was repaired," said airport officials.
The flight left for Chennai at 11.05am, almost three hours
after its scheduled departure of 8.20am.
Meanwhile, the ArkeFly aircraft that suffered damages
to its right wing after the bird-hit also left for Amsterdam on
Saturday at 11.30am. The plane was repaired by a team of
experts flown in especially from the Netherlands .

37. Summary
The assignment emphasizes about
what the causes of bird strikes
occur, what parts of an airplane
are most often affected by bird
strikes, Why Birds Like Airports,
What dose airlines do to reduce
the incidence of bird strikes and
Why dose Bird Strikes Still
Happen…

38. Conclusion
The assignment was a very great
source of knowledge for me. From this
assignment, I come to know what is a bird
strike. what the causes of bird strikes
occur. what parts of an airplane are most
often affected by bird strikes. What dose
airlines do to reduce the incidence of bird
strikes and Why dose Bird Strikes Still
Happen…
so , I can conclude that the assignment
was a great learning experience for me

39. Feature research
If I get a chance to do research
again, I would like to research on the
hospitality. My topic for the research would
be on seven star hotels.
My question for hypothesis would be-
“Dose seven star hotels really exists
and if exists then what make the
difference between five star and seven
star hotels”

40. Bibliography
http://www.airlinecareer.com/flight-
attendant-jobs/eval.htm
http://www.backyardchirper.com/blo
g/its-a-bird-its-a-plane-its-a-crash/