Behavioral, psychological, social, and health effects of psychoactive substances. The effects of chronic substance use on consumers, significant others, and communities within a social, political, cultural, and economic context.

1. Biopsychosocial Impact of
Addiction on Family and
Community
Instructor: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes PhD, LPC-MHSP, LMHC
Executive Director: AllCEUs Counseling CEUs and Specialty Certificates
Podcast Host: Counselor Toolbox, Happiness Isn’t Brain Surgery
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2. Objectives
 Identify the biological/health consequences of
addiction and mental health issues on the
family and community
 Identify the psychological consequences of
addiction and mental health issues on the
family and community
 Identify the social consequences of addiction
and mental health issues on the family and
community
 Identify family and community interventions
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3. Functions of the Family
 Protects and sustains both strong and weak
helping them to deal with stress and pathology
 Serves as a mechanism for family members to
interact with broader social and community
groups (peer, schools, work, religious, social)
 Provides an important point of intervention
 Influences weaker members in harmful ways
due to tension, problems and pathology
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4. Biological Effects on the Family
 Stress and stress related illnesses & sleep
disturbances
 Failure to attend to children’s physical needs
 Exposure to toxic substances
 Cigarette smoke
 Drugs
 Overuse of sedatives
 Among parents for relaxation
 Among children for sleep/sedative
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5. Psychological Effects on the Family
 Physical or verbal abuse
 Erratic behavior leading to “walking on eggshells”
 Child neglect which can have a traumatic impact
 Don’t Talk– Don’t Trust – Don’t Feel
 Shame and guilt in IP and non-IP
 Depression among non-identified patient
 Anxiety among non-identified patient
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6. Psychological Effects on the Family
 Caregiving burnout
 Role reversal
 Children lack a sense of wellbeing and safety
 Inappropriate coping models
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7. Family Social
 Social Isolation
 Perfect façade
 Shame
 Exhaustion from caregiving for impaired member
 Financial problems due to lost employment and/or
overspending
 Childhood trauma, depression, anxiety
 Children have poor relationships with adults (parents,
teachers)
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8. Family Social
 Lack of social competence
 Distant, chaotic, unsupportive family relationships
 Inconsistent parenting
 More common in addictions
 Homelessness
 Placing family in high-risk situations
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9. Family Interventions
 Improve communication within the family
 Restore roles and boundaries within the family
 Educate the family about the disorder
 Involve the family in the treatment plan
 Address anger, guilt, resentment in family members
 Ensure all family members have a respite
 Encourage healthy behaviors in the family
(nutrition, sleep, exercise)
 Encourage development of social supports especially
via support groups
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10. AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 10

11. Community Mental Health
 People with poor coping skills and negative thinking
styles model these behaviors, spreading them
 National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) reports
that there is a definite connection between mental
illness and addictive behaviors
 People who have been diagnosed with a mental health
disorder at some point in their lives are responsible for
the consumption of:
 69 percent of alcohol
 84 percent of cocaine
 68 percent of cigarettes
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12. Community Health
 Impact of Depression and Anxiety
 The total economic burden of depression in 2000 was $83 billion
 $52 billion was due to lost workplace productivity.
 Anxiety costs ~$47 billion per year
 Other costs include absenteeism, turnover, disability leave
 Every year, employers lose 27 work days per worker with
depression, two-thirds of which is due to “presenteeism”
 The cost of depression to employers greater than the cost of
many other common medical conditions, including heart disease,
diabetes, or back problems
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12
https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pubmed/1
4728109
http://www.depressi
oncenter.org/work/i
nformation-for-
employers/lost-
productivity/
https://www.huffing
tonpost.com/robert-
leahy-phd/the-cost-
of-
depression_b_770805
.html
https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pmc/artic
les/PMC2412901/
https://www.nimh.n
ih.gov/about/directo
rs/thomas-
insel/blog/2011/anti
depressants-a-
complicated-
picture.shtml

13. Community Health
 Impact of Depression and Anxiety
 Leading cause of medical disability for people aged 14-44
 Reduced spending
 more than 1 in 10 Americans ages 12 and older report
taking an antidepressant medication (effective for only
~41%)
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89
13
https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pubmed/1
4728109
http://www.depressi
oncenter.org/work/i
nformation-for-
employers/lost-
productivity/
https://www.huffing
tonpost.com/robert-
leahy-phd/the-cost-
of-
depression_b_770805
.html
https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pmc/artic
les/PMC2412901/
https://www.nimh.n
ih.gov/about/directo
rs/thomas-
insel/blog/2011/anti
depressants-a-
complicated-
picture.shtml

14.  Effective treatment outreach in many instances
was often stymied by a combination
 stigmatization of mental illness
 lack of realization among depressed people that
they needed care
 a belief that treatment would not work in their
particular circumstances
 A belief that a cure could be found in a pill
 impatience with the slow pace of symptom relief
following initial treatment
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15. Community Health
 America's top medical problems can be directly
linked to addiction
 Tobacco contributes to 11-30% of cancer deaths.
 Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health estimates
3%-5% of the US suffers from sexual compulsion disorders
 STDs are at a record high according to the CDC
 Heart Disease is correlated with abuse of tobacco,
cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), amphetamines, steroids
 Cancer, heart disease and COPD cost billions each year in
medical costs, lost wages, unemployment
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15
https://www.ncbi
.nlm.nih.gov/pub
med/14728109
https://www.cdc.
gov/std/stats16/t
oc.htm

16. Community Health
 America's top medical problems can be directly
linked to addiction
 Bloodborne Illnesses: 1/3 of AIDS cases & most cases of
hepatitis C in the United States are associated with
injection drug use.
 Cirrhosis of the liver
 Many with chronic or terminal illnesses experience high
rates of concurrent depression and/or anxiety
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16
https://www.ncb
i.nlm.nih.gov/pu
bmed/14728109

17. Community Social
 Addiction costs the US over $484 billion annually
 Mental illness costs the US over $273 billion annually
 Cost centers:
 Health care
 Lost earnings
 Crime (including domestic violence)
 Child welfare
 Accidents (work related, vehicular)
 Homelessness (31% homeless have an addiction)
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18. Community Social
 US social problems related to addiction:
 Drugged Driving: 10-22% of crashes involved alcohol
 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders cost the US over $4 billion
annually
 Violence: At least half of major crimes were related to addictions
 Child Abuse: At least 2/3 of patients in drug abuse treatment
centers say they were physically or sexually abused as children.
 Domestic violence
 PTSD
 Bullying/Childhood suicide
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18

19. Community Interventions
 Short, actionable, practical prevention
messages in
 Schools
Morning announcements
Health/PE class
 Churches
Circulars
End of sermon
 Media: Wellness minute before the weather
Prevention
messages: Coping
skills, distress
tolerance,
vulnerability
prevention,
cognitive
distortions
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20. Community Interventions
 Short, actionable, practical prevention
messages cont…
 Social Media: One post per day
 Search Engine: Search screen Google, Bing, Yahoo
 Stores: On receipts
 Strengthen community resources with peer
support and trained volunteer programs
Prevention
messages: Coping
skills, distress
tolerance,
vulnerability
prevention,
cognitive
distortions
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21. FRAMES
 Feedback about the impact of thoughts,
behaviors and feelings on self and others
 Responsibility for what is within the
person’s control
 Advice
 Menu of Options
 Empathy
 Self-Efficacy
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22. Summary
 Addiction and mental health issues can
have direct and indirect effects on the
family and community
 As clinicians we must at least attend to the
reciprocal impact of the disorder on the
individual, their proximal environment
(home) and the community in which they
live (neighborhood, school/work) and vice
versa
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23. Summary
 Many people with addictions and mood
disorders see their issues as not hurting anyone
but themselves
 When provided with objective evidence to the
contrary, using the FRAMES approach, can assist
with increasing motivation for treatment
 Elicit, don’t lecture
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24. References
 http://archives.drugabuse.gov/about/welcome
/aboutdrugabuse/magnitude/
 http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-
objectives/topic/substance-abuse
 http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs11/
18862/impact.htm
 http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/data.html
 http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments
/dph/programs/substance-
abuse/providers/prevention/risk-and-
protective-factors.html
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