Behavioral, psychological, social, and health effects of psychoactive substances. The effects of chronic substance use on consumers, significant others, and communities within a social, political, cultural, and economic context.

1. Biopsychosocial Impact of
Addiction and Mental
Disorders on the Individual
Instructor: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes PhD, LPC-MHSP, LMHC
Executive Director: AllCEUs Counseling CEUs and Specialty Certificates
Podcast Host: Counselor Toolbox, Happiness Isn’t Brain Surgery
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2. Objectives
 Examine the biological (physical) impact of
addiction and mental health issues on the
individual
 Examine the psychological impact of
addiction and mental health issues on the
individual
 Examine the social impact of addiction and
mental health issues on the individual
 Identify interventions in each area.
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3. Biological Impact of Mood
Disorders
 Caused by an imbalance of:
 Serotonin (calming)
 GABA (Calming)
 Glutamate (Excitatory)
 Norepinepherine (Excitatory)
 Dopamine (Pleasure)
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4. Biological Impact of Mood Disorders
 Effects
 Disrupted sleep
 Fatigue
 Irritability
 Nutritional changes
 Increased muscle tension
 Reduced pain tolerance
 Gastrointestinal disturbances
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5. The Brain Under Stress
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6. Biological Impact of Addictions
 Direct (neurotransmitter imbalances)
 Tolerance
 Withdrawal
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7. Neurotransmitters, Addiction & Black Friday
 Normal day
 Normal store capacity is 750 people.
 The store needs a constant 500 to stay open
 The store has 8 doors to allows for people to easily enter
and exit without getting “bunched”
 Black Friday
 1500 people push through the door as soon as it opens
 Store is destroyed
 Staff is exhausted
 Takes time to restock and refresh staff
 Management closes all but two doors and adds security
guards to manage flow
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8. Biological Impact of Addictions
 Indirect
 Reduced Immunity
 More rapid aging
 Sleep difficulties
 Nutritional deficits
 Reduced pain tolerance & Increased pain
 Disease (Hepatitis, HIV, TB, MRSA)
What
interventions
do you use?
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9. Biological Impact of Alcohol
 Alcohol
 Heart damage
 High blood pressure
 Fatty liver
 Hepatitis
 Cirrhosis
 Pancreatitis
 Cancers of the mouth, throat, liver and breast
 Reduced immunity
 Brittle bones
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 9
https://pubs.ni
aaa.nih.gov/pu
blications/aa22.
htm

10. Biological Impact
 Alcohol
 Brain damage through:
The toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells
The biological stress of repeated intoxication and
withdrawal
Alcohol-related cerebrovascular disease
Head injuries from falls sustained when inebriated.
 Alcohol related birth defects (FASD)
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 10
https://pubs.ni
aaa.nih.gov/pu
blications/aa22.
htm

11. Biological Impact
 Alcohol
 Nutrient deficiencies:
Vitamins: A, E, D, K,B12, folic acid, thiamine
Thiamine deficiencies, which cause severe
neurological problems such as impaired movement
and memory loss seen in Wernicke/Korsakoff
syndrome (memory disorder often seen in
Alzheimers)
Calcium
Iron (intestinal bleeding)
Dehydration
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 11
https://pubs.ni
aaa.nih.gov/pu
blications/aa22.
htm

12. Biological Impact of Caffeine
 Negative
 Stimulant/jitters
 Increased blood pressure
 Heart palpitations
 Heartburn/Diarrhea
 Disrupted sleep
 Dehydration
 Miscarriage
 Osteoporosis
 Positive (with moderate
intake)
 Lower risk of Alzheimer's
and dementia
 Decreased suicide risk
 Increased endurance
 Decreased risk of oral
cancer
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https://www.health
line.com/health/caf
feine-effects-on-
body

13. Biological Impact of Nicotine
 Nicotine (including gums and vapors)
 Highly addictive
 Activates neurotransmitters
 Pain and anxiety relief
 Reduced appetite
 Respiratory irritation
 Increased heart rate and blood pressure
 Hyperglycemia
 Decreased immune response
 Increased oxidative stress (which leads to cancer)
 Increased risk of diabetes
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https://www.
ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pmc/arti
cles/PMC4363
846/

14. AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 14

15. Biological Impact of Marijuana
 Positive
 Altered senses
 Hallucinations
 Nausea reduction
 Pain management (3 puffs a day)
 Improved sleep
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 15
https://www.
cdc.gov/mari
juana/health-
effects.htm
http://www.c
maj.ca/conte
nt/early/2010
/08/30/cmaj.
091414.full.p
df+html

16. Biological Impact of Marijuana
 Negative (Dependent on the amount of depends on the
amount of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana)
 Neurochemical changes causing short-term
problems with attention, memory, and learning
 Impacts brain development in children (permanent
changes)—Even second hand smoke
 Increased risk of testicular cancer
 Increased heart rate and blood pressure
 Significant increase in the risk of heart attack in the
hours after marijuana use
 Bronchitis, cough, and phlegm production
 Delusions/psychosis
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Self-Study Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 16
https://www.
cdc.gov/mari
juana/health-
effects.htm
http://www.c
maj.ca/conte
nt/early/2010
/08/30/cmaj.
091414.full.p
df+html

17. Biological Impact of Opiates
 Positive
 Pain Relief
 Euphoria
 Negative
 Reduced heart rate and respiration
 Constipation
 Fatigue
 Nausea
 Highly addictive. Tolerance starts to develop in 3-5 days
 Body quits producing natural pain killers (endogenous
opioids)
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18. Biological Interventions
 Improve sleep quality
 Ensure adequate nutrition
 Assist in the development of nonpharmacological
pain management (stretching, ergonomics)
 Rule out/address physical causes of
depression/anxiety
 Thyroid issues
 Hormone imbalances
 Adrenal insufficiency
 Diabetes
 Heart problems
How can you help
clients gain these
skills?
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19. Psychological Impact of Mood Disorders
 Hopelessness
 Helplessness
 Guilt
 Anger about not being “normal”
 Anxiety that things won’t improve
 Grief over loss of prior function
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20. Psychological Impact of Addictive Behavior
 Direct
 Euphoria/Relaxation
 Depression/ Lack of Pleasure/Anxiety
Insufficient dopamine
Imbalance of:
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate
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21. Psychological Impact of Addictive
Behaviors
 Indirect
 Depression and/or anxiety continued…
Lack of sleep
Malnutrition
Guilt
Being overwhelmed by the mess
Initial “pain” still there
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22. Psychological Interventions
 Enhance hope and empowerment
 Develop resilience skills
 Identify and address cognitive distortions
 Enhance self-esteem
 Teach distress tolerance, coping and problem
solving skills
 Educate about the connection between behaviors,
thoughts and feelings
 Address guilt
 Identify and address grief triggers (not “normal,”
loss of function, etc.)
What
interventions
do you use?
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23. Social Impact of Mood & Addictive
Disorders
 Isolation / withdrawal
 Loss of supportive, healthy relationships
 Pushed away
 Chose to leave
 Friends share same dysfunctional thinking
 Stinkin’ Thinkin’: Minimization, rationalization,
blaming
 Cognitive Distortions
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24. Social Interventions
 Enhance social support and reduce
isolation via support groups
 Improve interpersonal effectiveness skills
 Educate about healthy relationships and
boundaries
 Examine and address characteristics of
current relationships that mitigate or
exacerbate problems.
What
interventions
do you use?
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25. Total Picture
 Someone who has become physiologically less able
to experience happiness or pleasure may…
 Have a desire to find that feeling (addiction)
 And keep that feeling (protect the addiction at all costs)
 Mood disorders contribute to a host of other
problems including
 Pain
 Reduced immunity
 Sleep problems
 Lost work time/productivity
 Relationship issues
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26. Summary
 Addiction and mood disorders have both
direct and indirect consequences for the
person
 Biologically/Physically
 Psychologically
 Socially
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27. Summary
 All aspects of the person in recovery must
be addressed.
 It is hard to change your thinking when you don’t
feel well (Bio)
 It is hard to change physical habits when you are
depressed and unmotivated (Psycho)
 It is hard to change thinking or health habits
without social support (one of our greatest stress
buffers) or energy (Social)
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28. 28

29.  This presentation was recorded as part of a
live, interactive webinar. If you are
watching it on replay, please remember
you can contact her on her personal chat
page:
https://purechat.me/docsnipes
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