Biomolecules_lect_1.pptx
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This document discusses biomolecules and carbohydrates. It begins with an overview of biomolecules and their basic components. It then focuses on carbohydrates, discussing their classification into sugars and non-sugars. Sugars are further divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose, while common disaccharides include sucrose. The document also discusses the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose, and methods for preparing glucose from sucrose and starch.
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Biomolecules_lect_1.pptx
- 2. 20 weeks 24 weeks 28 weeks 32 weeks 36 weeks 40 weeks
- 3. Introduction Growth Food Of body of living organism Organs Tissue’s Cells Orgenelle’s Biomolecules
- 4. Biomolecules
- 5. Biomolecules Carbohydrates protein Fat Complex Growth & maintenance Nucleic acid organic molecules C, H, O, N etc. Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII
- 7. Carbohydrates C H O 1 : 2 : 1 C H2O Cx(H2O)y RHAMNOSE C6H12O5 DEOXYRIBOSE C5H10O4 CH3 – COOH FORMALDEHYDE HYDRATES OF CARBON 6 i.e. C2 (H2O)2 (C2H4O2 ) i.e. C1 (H2O)1 H-C-H | | O (CH2O) Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII GLUCOSE – C6H12O6 i.e. C (H2O) 6 SUCROSE – C12H22O11 i.e. 12 11 C (H2O) ACETIC ACID
- 8. H | C2 | | | | C3 | H | H | C4 | | H | C5 | | H C1| O HO | C3 | H | H | C4 | OH | H | C5 | OH | C | OH | C2 | H2 | OH polyhydroxy Definition :- Glucose C6H12O6 Fructose C6H12O6 aldehyde C | OH H2 OH OH HO OH H2 = 0 C1 / ketone or such a compound polyhydroxy aldehydes / ketone Which on hydrolysis produces polyhydroxy aldehydes / ketone Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII HYDROLYSIS sucrose glucose fructose C12H22O11 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + H2O
- 9. Classification : b) Chemical Method a) Physical Method Carbohydrate Sugars Non-Sugar [ tasteless, [ sweet , Monosaccharide Oligosaccharide ( polysaccharide) Carbohydrate Aldoses Ketoses Homopoly sacchride Hetero polysaccharide Disaccharide Trisaccharide Tetrasaccharide soluble, crystalline ] insoluble, amorphous] Glucose (C6H12O6 ) Fructose (C6H12O6) Sucrose, (C12H22O11) Raffinose (C18H32O16) Stachyose (C24H42O21) Starch (C6H10O5)n Gums (C6H10O5)n Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII
- 10. Carbohydrate Carbohydrate Classification Sugars Non-Sugar Disaccharide Sucrose, (C12H22O11) Trisaccharide Raffinose (C18H32O16) Tetrasaccharide Stachyose (C24H42O21) Monosaccharide [ tasteless, insoluble, amorphous] [ sweet , soluble, crystalline ] ( polysaccharide) Oligosaccharide Aldoses Glucose (C6H12O6 ) Ketoses Fructose (C6H12O6) Homopoly sacchride Hetero polysaccharide Starch (C6H10O5)n Gums (C6H10O5)n Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII (Simple Sugar) (Complex Sugar) (Complex Sugar)
- 11. PREPARATION OF GLUCOSE : a) FROM SUCROSE b) FROM STARCH a) FROM SUCROSE (LABORATORY METHOD) . 323 – 333 K 90% Ethanol C6 H12 O6 GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE SUCROSE Experimentally - C12 H22 O11 H2O + 4% HCI , C6 H12 O6 + SUCROSE GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE Ethanol Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII
- 12. GLUCOSE Recrystallisation FRUCTOSE SEPERATED GLUCOSE Dissolved Carry Out Biomolecules Lecture no : 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER II STD : XII