Biometry question and answer
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•619 views
This document defines key concepts in experimental design including: analysis of variance which partitions total variation into components measuring different sources of variation; treatments which are procedures whose effects are measured and compared; design of an experiment which is a plan to obtain information to answer research questions; response which is the observed result for an experimental unit; levels which are the various values or classifications of factors; experimental error which is random variation beyond human control; randomization principle which involves assigning treatments to units by chance; replication principle which refers to the number of times a treatment appears in experimental units; and local control which is a technique to reduce error by meaningfully grouping experimental units.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops
The document discusses various breeding methods used in cross-pollinated crops. It describes population improvement methods like mass selection and modified mass selection that aim to increase the frequency of desirable alleles within a population. It also discusses hybrid varieties which are produced by crossing homozygous lines to create heterozygous populations. Additionally, it covers synthetic varieties which are created by either mixing equal amounts of seed from selected parental lines or allowing intercrosses between parental lines. Recurrent selection methods like recurrent selection for specific and general combining ability are also summarized that aim to improve the chances of developing superior inbred lines.
Phenomic approaches for plant disease detection
This document discusses various phenomic approaches for plant disease detection, including chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, and image processing techniques. It provides details on how each approach works, such as using chlorophyll fluorescence to detect changes in photosynthesis before visual disease symptoms appear. The document also discusses the analysis of data collected from these approaches and how they can be used to rapidly screen large numbers of plant varieties for disease resistance and improve over traditional visual ratings.
Pigeon pea Breeding- Crop Improvement kharif
This document provides information on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), including its origin in India, uses as a food and nutritional crop, and chromosome number. It discusses the genus Cajanus and describes the floral biology and processes of emasculation and pollination required for artificial hybridization in pigeonpea breeding. Key steps in the hybridization process include identifying parental lines, growing them in a designated crossing block, emasculating buds on the female plant, and pollinating with pollen from the male parent.
1. Crop Physiology & Ecology CUCS201.pptx
The presentation is on crop physiology and ecology, basically how the environment affects crop performance and yield. Here different parameters used to describe plant growth are discussed.
Producion of synthetics
Synthetic varieties are produced by crossing multiple parental lines together and allowing open pollination, resulting in a mixture of hybrids. They have value for cross-pollinated crops where hybrid production is difficult. Steps in development include evaluating parental lines, producing the initial synthetic variety by mixing parental seed or making all crosses, and multiplying it through open pollination. Synthetic varieties allow for heterosis exploitation in some crops and provide farmers with seeds for future crops, though their performance is usually lower than single or double crosses.
Market led extension
Market-led extension focuses on identifying customer needs before offering services. It is demand-driven, client-oriented, and aims to provide high returns for farmers. Agricultural extension personnel play key roles like conducting SWOT analyses of markets, organizing farmer groups, establishing marketing linkages, and acquiring market intelligence. Challenges include the large size of extension systems, integrating information technology, diverse farm conditions, and improving market intelligence and extension reforms. Effective market-led extension produces based on demand, works with efficient farmer groups, uses various market information sources, and improves communication within marketing channels. Reforms are needed to empower farmers with market knowledge and provide competitive marketing options and infrastructure investments.
Groundnut improvement: Use of genetic and genomic tools
This document summarizes groundnut (peanut) improvement research at ICRISAT. Conventional breeding using genetic variability, trait analysis, and phenotyping tools has contributed to the release of improved varieties with higher yield, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. However, plugging yield gaps requires adoption of improved agronomic practices, effective seed systems, partnerships along the value chain, supportive policies, and mechanization. New genomic tools now complement conventional breeding to more efficiently develop varieties with multiple traits like high oil content and disease resistance. Addressing nutrition and aflatoxin contamination also remains a challenge.
Farmer to farmer extension
This document discusses farmer-led extension approaches. It defines farmer-to-farmer extension as training provided by farmers to other farmers, often through farmer promoters and trainers. Farmer field schools are discussed where groups of farmers meet to study topics like conservation agriculture through learning by doing. Criteria for selecting lead farmers and principles of farmer-led extension are outlined, emphasizing that farmers and local institutions should play a key role in selection and evaluation. Farmer field schools are explained as creating awareness, supporting learning, and helping communities solve problems. Their origins in Indonesia in 1989 are also summarized.
Recommended
Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops
The document discusses various breeding methods used in cross-pollinated crops. It describes population improvement methods like mass selection and modified mass selection that aim to increase the frequency of desirable alleles within a population. It also discusses hybrid varieties which are produced by crossing homozygous lines to create heterozygous populations. Additionally, it covers synthetic varieties which are created by either mixing equal amounts of seed from selected parental lines or allowing intercrosses between parental lines. Recurrent selection methods like recurrent selection for specific and general combining ability are also summarized that aim to improve the chances of developing superior inbred lines.
Phenomic approaches for plant disease detection
This document discusses various phenomic approaches for plant disease detection, including chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, and image processing techniques. It provides details on how each approach works, such as using chlorophyll fluorescence to detect changes in photosynthesis before visual disease symptoms appear. The document also discusses the analysis of data collected from these approaches and how they can be used to rapidly screen large numbers of plant varieties for disease resistance and improve over traditional visual ratings.
Pigeon pea Breeding- Crop Improvement kharif
This document provides information on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), including its origin in India, uses as a food and nutritional crop, and chromosome number. It discusses the genus Cajanus and describes the floral biology and processes of emasculation and pollination required for artificial hybridization in pigeonpea breeding. Key steps in the hybridization process include identifying parental lines, growing them in a designated crossing block, emasculating buds on the female plant, and pollinating with pollen from the male parent.
1. Crop Physiology & Ecology CUCS201.pptx
The presentation is on crop physiology and ecology, basically how the environment affects crop performance and yield. Here different parameters used to describe plant growth are discussed.
Producion of synthetics
Synthetic varieties are produced by crossing multiple parental lines together and allowing open pollination, resulting in a mixture of hybrids. They have value for cross-pollinated crops where hybrid production is difficult. Steps in development include evaluating parental lines, producing the initial synthetic variety by mixing parental seed or making all crosses, and multiplying it through open pollination. Synthetic varieties allow for heterosis exploitation in some crops and provide farmers with seeds for future crops, though their performance is usually lower than single or double crosses.
Market led extension
Market-led extension focuses on identifying customer needs before offering services. It is demand-driven, client-oriented, and aims to provide high returns for farmers. Agricultural extension personnel play key roles like conducting SWOT analyses of markets, organizing farmer groups, establishing marketing linkages, and acquiring market intelligence. Challenges include the large size of extension systems, integrating information technology, diverse farm conditions, and improving market intelligence and extension reforms. Effective market-led extension produces based on demand, works with efficient farmer groups, uses various market information sources, and improves communication within marketing channels. Reforms are needed to empower farmers with market knowledge and provide competitive marketing options and infrastructure investments.
Groundnut improvement: Use of genetic and genomic tools
This document summarizes groundnut (peanut) improvement research at ICRISAT. Conventional breeding using genetic variability, trait analysis, and phenotyping tools has contributed to the release of improved varieties with higher yield, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. However, plugging yield gaps requires adoption of improved agronomic practices, effective seed systems, partnerships along the value chain, supportive policies, and mechanization. New genomic tools now complement conventional breeding to more efficiently develop varieties with multiple traits like high oil content and disease resistance. Addressing nutrition and aflatoxin contamination also remains a challenge.
Farmer to farmer extension
This document discusses farmer-led extension approaches. It defines farmer-to-farmer extension as training provided by farmers to other farmers, often through farmer promoters and trainers. Farmer field schools are discussed where groups of farmers meet to study topics like conservation agriculture through learning by doing. Criteria for selecting lead farmers and principles of farmer-led extension are outlined, emphasizing that farmers and local institutions should play a key role in selection and evaluation. Farmer field schools are explained as creating awareness, supporting learning, and helping communities solve problems. Their origins in Indonesia in 1989 are also summarized.
Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Rice
Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
Systems Approaches for Perennial Crops: Case Studies from Perennial Wheat in ...
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Len Wade (Charles Sturt University) describing the role and benefit of perennial crops in farming systems using examples from Australia and Asia. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
Sameti training ppt
This document discusses the importance of quality seeds in crop production and the seed production system in India. It outlines that quality seeds can increase yields by 10-15% and are vital for realizing returns from other agricultural inputs. The seed production system involves multiple agencies across the public, private, and cooperative sectors. These include the National Seed Corporation, State Seed Corporations, State Agricultural Universities, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The system follows a generation-wise seed classification approach from Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed to ensure genetic purity at each stage of multiplication.
Field Inspection
The document discusses seed certification and seed treatment. It explains that seed certification involves inspection and testing by certification agencies to ensure genetic identity and purity. Seed treatment involves applying fungicides and insecticides to seeds to disinfect them and protect against diseases and insects. The benefits of seed treatment include preventing disease spread, protecting seeds from rot and blights, improving germination, providing storage insect protection, and controlling soil insects. Precautions for seed treatment include proper labeling, correct dosage, and avoiding treatment of high moisture seeds.
Experimental design in Plant Breeding
Introduction of Experimental Design , types , features, advantage and disadvantage of experimental designs and its comparison.
Breeding Cross-pollinated Crops and Clonally Propagated Ones
A comprehensive and detailed information package about breeding cross-pollinated crops and clones.
Described in a beautiful manner using smart art and bullets.
Please don't feel hesitation, do leave comments, allowing me to improve my self and data, if any mistake is there. Thank you!
ENTO 231_L.No.4_Pest Surveillance.ppt
This document provides information on pest surveillance and forecasting. It discusses how pest surveillance involves monitoring biotic and abiotic factors to predict pest outbreaks. The key advantages of pest surveillance are that it allows for understanding pest population dynamics, devising appropriate management strategies, forecasting pest infestations, and initiating timely control measures. Components of pest surveillance include identifying the pest, assessing distribution and severity, population dynamics, weather, and natural enemies. Pest forecasting serves to predict forthcoming infestation levels and find critical stages for insecticide application. There are short-term and long-term forecasting types based on crop sampling and weather effects, respectively. Pest surveillance plays an integral role in India's IPM programs through monitoring
Collection, evaluation and documentation of germplasm
This document discusses the collection, evaluation, and documentation of plant genetic resources or germplasm. It provides details on the importance of biodiversity in India and outlines the primary and secondary centers of diversity for various fruit crops. It then describes the process of germplasm collection, including planning exploration missions, areas to survey, sampling techniques, and collection methods for different plant types. The document also covers evaluation of germplasm for traits and stresses, as well as the documentation process which records information about accessions, collection, characterization and more.
Wide cross and Bridge species
The document discusses the history and techniques of distant hybridization or wide crosses between plant species. It begins by defining distant hybridization as crosses between individuals of different genera within the same family or different species within the same genus. Some early examples of wide crosses are mentioned from the 18th century. The document then discusses the three types of crosses that can result from wide crosses - fully fertile, partially fertile, and fully sterile - and provides cotton examples. Intergeneric hybridization is described using the example of Triticale, a wheat-rye hybrid. The main challenges of wide crosses, including cross incompatibility, hybrid inviability, sterility and breakdown are outlined. Techniques to overcome these barriers, such as bridge crosses,
growth and phenological stages of different crops
This document discusses the growth and phenological stages of different crops. It defines growth and differentiation in plants and lists some key plant organs, tissues, and cells. It then describes the vegetative and reproductive growth stages in fruit plants. Finally, it outlines the typical phenological stages for several temperate fruits, including plum, peach, apple, and pear, from dormant to fruit set.
Maize Breeding in India: Achievements and Opportunities
This document provides an outline for a presentation on maize breeding in India, covering its achievements and opportunities. It begins with an introduction to maize, including its classification and centers of origin. It then discusses the genesis of maize research in India, including applied, basic, and strategic research efforts. Major phases of maize cultivar development are described, from early selection of local landraces to current single-cross hybrids. Successful stories of high-yielding hybrids for different uses like baby corn are highlighted. Achievements in developing nutritious hybrids through biofortification and quality protein maize are summarized. Identification of abiotic stress tolerant germplasm through conventional and molecular breeding is briefly outlined.
Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops
This document provides an overview of plant breeding methods for cross-pollinated crops. It discusses mass selection, progeny selection, and recurrent selection as methods of population improvement. It also describes hybridization techniques like single cross hybrids, double cross hybrids, and three-way cross hybrids. The objectives of plant breeding are to improve traits like yield, quality, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Plant breeding has significantly increased global food production through the development of superior crop varieties.
Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops
This document discusses methods of breeding in cross-pollinated crops. It describes mass selection, progeny selection (ear-to-row method), modified ear-to-row method, and recurrent selection. It also discusses hybrid varieties, synthetic varieties, and the operations involved in producing hybrids and synthetics. The key methods discussed are mass selection, ear-to-row selection, and recurrent selection.
self incompatibility and male sterility
This document discusses self-incompatibility and male sterility in plants, including their classification and uses in crop improvement. It is classified based on flower morphology, genes involved, site of expression, and pollen cytology. Male sterility is classified as genetic male sterility, cytoplasmic male sterility, or cytoplasmic genetic male sterility depending on whether nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes, or both control sterility. Self-incompatibility and male sterility help promote cross-pollination and are useful for hybrid seed production without emasculation in crops like cabbage and cauliflower.
Steps in farmer field school By Allah Dad Khan
The document outlines the key steps in conducting a Farmer Field School (FFS) using the classical approach. It discusses 8 main steps: 1) groundwork activities; 2) training facilitators; 3) establishing and running FFS; 4) evaluating participatory technology developments; 5) field days; 6) graduations; 7) farmer-run FFS; and 8) follow up by facilitators. Each step involves several specific activities like identifying problems, participants, and sites during groundwork. Facilitator training covers production topics, guides, and non-formal education methods. FFS meetings involve experiments, data collection, and special topic discussions.
AI in AGRICULTURE.ppt
The document discusses applications of artificial intelligence techniques in agriculture. It identifies areas where AI could enhance the agriculture sector, such as monitoring crop conditions, weather, and ecosystems. It also discusses using computational intelligence and bio-inspired algorithms like genetic algorithms and the photo-synthetic algorithm to optimize bio-systems and develop quantitative models. Specifically, it presents using neural networks and the genetic algorithm to optimize nutrient levels for plant growth in hydroponic systems. It also discusses uses of intelligent robots for applications like strawberry harvesting and weeding.
Seed testing of laboratry
The document discusses the establishment of a seed testing laboratory. It provides information on the objectives of seed testing which are to determine seed quality, identify problems, and check if seeds meet standards. It also discusses following proper procedures for seed sampling, testing germination and purity, and storing records. The summary outlines the key steps for managing a seed testing laboratory which are receiving samples, conducting moisture tests quickly, preparing samples for germination tests, performing routine purity and germination analyses, completing other tests promptly, storing sample remains, and maintaining accessible records.
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Soil treatment for plant disease control by K. M. Golam Dastogeer
Soil treatment for plant disease control-A lecture note for L-4, S-1 students of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology.
Floral biology of oil seed crops
The document summarizes the floral biology of several oil seed crops. It describes key details about each crop such as their scientific name, chromosome number, family, inflorescence type, androecium and gynoecium structure. It also provides information about anthesis including time of flower opening, anther dehiscence, stigma receptivity and pollen viability. The crops discussed are groundnut, niger, sesame, castor, safflower, sunflower and linseed.
Experimental method In Research Methodology
The document defines experimental method and discusses its key elements and characteristics. It states that experimental method involves carefully controlling conditions to test hypotheses about causal relationships. The main elements are control, manipulation, observation, and replication. Control involves isolating variables and establishing comparable groups. Manipulation involves changing the independent variable. Observation measures the dependent variable. Replication improves reliability by repeating experiments. The document also discusses types of experimental designs and the steps of conducting experimental research.
Research design
This document discusses different types of research designs, including experimental and non-experimental designs. Experimental designs include within-group designs, between-group designs (such as two-group, multi-group, and factorial designs), and small N designs. Non-experimental designs discussed are quasi-experiments, correlational designs, and pseudo-experiments. The document provides details on the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each type of design.
More Related Content
What's hot
Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Rice
Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
Systems Approaches for Perennial Crops: Case Studies from Perennial Wheat in ...
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Len Wade (Charles Sturt University) describing the role and benefit of perennial crops in farming systems using examples from Australia and Asia. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
Sameti training ppt
This document discusses the importance of quality seeds in crop production and the seed production system in India. It outlines that quality seeds can increase yields by 10-15% and are vital for realizing returns from other agricultural inputs. The seed production system involves multiple agencies across the public, private, and cooperative sectors. These include the National Seed Corporation, State Seed Corporations, State Agricultural Universities, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The system follows a generation-wise seed classification approach from Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed to ensure genetic purity at each stage of multiplication.
Field Inspection
The document discusses seed certification and seed treatment. It explains that seed certification involves inspection and testing by certification agencies to ensure genetic identity and purity. Seed treatment involves applying fungicides and insecticides to seeds to disinfect them and protect against diseases and insects. The benefits of seed treatment include preventing disease spread, protecting seeds from rot and blights, improving germination, providing storage insect protection, and controlling soil insects. Precautions for seed treatment include proper labeling, correct dosage, and avoiding treatment of high moisture seeds.
Experimental design in Plant Breeding
Introduction of Experimental Design , types , features, advantage and disadvantage of experimental designs and its comparison.
Breeding Cross-pollinated Crops and Clonally Propagated Ones
A comprehensive and detailed information package about breeding cross-pollinated crops and clones.
Described in a beautiful manner using smart art and bullets.
Please don't feel hesitation, do leave comments, allowing me to improve my self and data, if any mistake is there. Thank you!
ENTO 231_L.No.4_Pest Surveillance.ppt
This document provides information on pest surveillance and forecasting. It discusses how pest surveillance involves monitoring biotic and abiotic factors to predict pest outbreaks. The key advantages of pest surveillance are that it allows for understanding pest population dynamics, devising appropriate management strategies, forecasting pest infestations, and initiating timely control measures. Components of pest surveillance include identifying the pest, assessing distribution and severity, population dynamics, weather, and natural enemies. Pest forecasting serves to predict forthcoming infestation levels and find critical stages for insecticide application. There are short-term and long-term forecasting types based on crop sampling and weather effects, respectively. Pest surveillance plays an integral role in India's IPM programs through monitoring
Collection, evaluation and documentation of germplasm
This document discusses the collection, evaluation, and documentation of plant genetic resources or germplasm. It provides details on the importance of biodiversity in India and outlines the primary and secondary centers of diversity for various fruit crops. It then describes the process of germplasm collection, including planning exploration missions, areas to survey, sampling techniques, and collection methods for different plant types. The document also covers evaluation of germplasm for traits and stresses, as well as the documentation process which records information about accessions, collection, characterization and more.
Wide cross and Bridge species
The document discusses the history and techniques of distant hybridization or wide crosses between plant species. It begins by defining distant hybridization as crosses between individuals of different genera within the same family or different species within the same genus. Some early examples of wide crosses are mentioned from the 18th century. The document then discusses the three types of crosses that can result from wide crosses - fully fertile, partially fertile, and fully sterile - and provides cotton examples. Intergeneric hybridization is described using the example of Triticale, a wheat-rye hybrid. The main challenges of wide crosses, including cross incompatibility, hybrid inviability, sterility and breakdown are outlined. Techniques to overcome these barriers, such as bridge crosses,
growth and phenological stages of different crops
This document discusses the growth and phenological stages of different crops. It defines growth and differentiation in plants and lists some key plant organs, tissues, and cells. It then describes the vegetative and reproductive growth stages in fruit plants. Finally, it outlines the typical phenological stages for several temperate fruits, including plum, peach, apple, and pear, from dormant to fruit set.
Maize Breeding in India: Achievements and Opportunities
This document provides an outline for a presentation on maize breeding in India, covering its achievements and opportunities. It begins with an introduction to maize, including its classification and centers of origin. It then discusses the genesis of maize research in India, including applied, basic, and strategic research efforts. Major phases of maize cultivar development are described, from early selection of local landraces to current single-cross hybrids. Successful stories of high-yielding hybrids for different uses like baby corn are highlighted. Achievements in developing nutritious hybrids through biofortification and quality protein maize are summarized. Identification of abiotic stress tolerant germplasm through conventional and molecular breeding is briefly outlined.
Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops
This document provides an overview of plant breeding methods for cross-pollinated crops. It discusses mass selection, progeny selection, and recurrent selection as methods of population improvement. It also describes hybridization techniques like single cross hybrids, double cross hybrids, and three-way cross hybrids. The objectives of plant breeding are to improve traits like yield, quality, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Plant breeding has significantly increased global food production through the development of superior crop varieties.
Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops
This document discusses methods of breeding in cross-pollinated crops. It describes mass selection, progeny selection (ear-to-row method), modified ear-to-row method, and recurrent selection. It also discusses hybrid varieties, synthetic varieties, and the operations involved in producing hybrids and synthetics. The key methods discussed are mass selection, ear-to-row selection, and recurrent selection.
self incompatibility and male sterility
This document discusses self-incompatibility and male sterility in plants, including their classification and uses in crop improvement. It is classified based on flower morphology, genes involved, site of expression, and pollen cytology. Male sterility is classified as genetic male sterility, cytoplasmic male sterility, or cytoplasmic genetic male sterility depending on whether nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes, or both control sterility. Self-incompatibility and male sterility help promote cross-pollination and are useful for hybrid seed production without emasculation in crops like cabbage and cauliflower.
Steps in farmer field school By Allah Dad Khan
The document outlines the key steps in conducting a Farmer Field School (FFS) using the classical approach. It discusses 8 main steps: 1) groundwork activities; 2) training facilitators; 3) establishing and running FFS; 4) evaluating participatory technology developments; 5) field days; 6) graduations; 7) farmer-run FFS; and 8) follow up by facilitators. Each step involves several specific activities like identifying problems, participants, and sites during groundwork. Facilitator training covers production topics, guides, and non-formal education methods. FFS meetings involve experiments, data collection, and special topic discussions.
AI in AGRICULTURE.ppt
The document discusses applications of artificial intelligence techniques in agriculture. It identifies areas where AI could enhance the agriculture sector, such as monitoring crop conditions, weather, and ecosystems. It also discusses using computational intelligence and bio-inspired algorithms like genetic algorithms and the photo-synthetic algorithm to optimize bio-systems and develop quantitative models. Specifically, it presents using neural networks and the genetic algorithm to optimize nutrient levels for plant growth in hydroponic systems. It also discusses uses of intelligent robots for applications like strawberry harvesting and weeding.
Seed testing of laboratry
The document discusses the establishment of a seed testing laboratory. It provides information on the objectives of seed testing which are to determine seed quality, identify problems, and check if seeds meet standards. It also discusses following proper procedures for seed sampling, testing germination and purity, and storing records. The summary outlines the key steps for managing a seed testing laboratory which are receiving samples, conducting moisture tests quickly, preparing samples for germination tests, performing routine purity and germination analyses, completing other tests promptly, storing sample remains, and maintaining accessible records.
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Soil treatment for plant disease control by K. M. Golam Dastogeer
Soil treatment for plant disease control-A lecture note for L-4, S-1 students of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology.
Floral biology of oil seed crops
The document summarizes the floral biology of several oil seed crops. It describes key details about each crop such as their scientific name, chromosome number, family, inflorescence type, androecium and gynoecium structure. It also provides information about anthesis including time of flower opening, anther dehiscence, stigma receptivity and pollen viability. The crops discussed are groundnut, niger, sesame, castor, safflower, sunflower and linseed.
What's hot (20)
Systems Approaches for Perennial Crops: Case Studies from Perennial Wheat in ...
Systems Approaches for Perennial Crops: Case Studies from Perennial Wheat in ...
Breeding Cross-pollinated Crops and Clonally Propagated Ones
Breeding Cross-pollinated Crops and Clonally Propagated Ones
Collection, evaluation and documentation of germplasm
Collection, evaluation and documentation of germplasm
Maize Breeding in India: Achievements and Opportunities
Maize Breeding in India: Achievements and Opportunities
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Soil treatment for plant disease control by K. M. Golam Dastogeer
Soil treatment for plant disease control by K. M. Golam Dastogeer
Similar to Biometry question and answer
Experimental method In Research Methodology
The document defines experimental method and discusses its key elements and characteristics. It states that experimental method involves carefully controlling conditions to test hypotheses about causal relationships. The main elements are control, manipulation, observation, and replication. Control involves isolating variables and establishing comparable groups. Manipulation involves changing the independent variable. Observation measures the dependent variable. Replication improves reliability by repeating experiments. The document also discusses types of experimental designs and the steps of conducting experimental research.
Research design
This document discusses different types of research designs, including experimental and non-experimental designs. Experimental designs include within-group designs, between-group designs (such as two-group, multi-group, and factorial designs), and small N designs. Non-experimental designs discussed are quasi-experiments, correlational designs, and pseudo-experiments. The document provides details on the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each type of design.
Research Design.pptx
This document discusses research design. It defines research design as a plan or strategy to obtain answers to research questions validly, objectively and economically. The key components of a research design are outlined, including what is being studied, why it is being studied, sample design, data collection techniques, and data analysis. Research design involves determining the independent and dependent variables, as well as how to control for extraneous variables. Methods for controlling extraneous variables include randomization, matching, building the variable into the design, and eliminating the variable. The overall goal of research design is to minimize the effects of extraneous variables and establish causal relationships between variables.
Research design mahesh
This document discusses research design, which is the second important step in the research process after defining the research problem. It involves planning the methodology for collecting relevant data and determining the techniques that will be used. The key aspects of research design covered include definitions, the need for research design, features of a good design, aligning the design with the research problem/objective, important concepts, and different types of designs such as exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing. Experimental designs like before-after, randomized control, and factorial designs are explained in detail along with their principles of replication, randomization, and local control.
Unit 4 rm
This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistical analysis including:
- Classification of variables into qualitative/categorical and quantitative/discrete/continuous.
- Key considerations in variables including observability, countability, and measurability.
- Examples and definitions of discrete and continuous variables.
- Overview of common statistical distributions like binomial, Poisson, normal, and their properties and applications.
- Different sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling and cluster sampling and their appropriate uses.
- Tests for statistical significance including t-test, chi-square test, and F-test based on sample size.
- Correlation, regression, factor analysis, discriminant
Automating cell-based screening with open source, robotics and AI
Presentation by Prof. Ola Spjuth at the ELRIG conference 'Robotics and Automation 2022' at FESTO, Esslingen, DE on 2022-12-01.
ABSTRACT:
We have set up an open source robotized lab for image-based drug screening and cell profiling. The lab can operate on multiple simultaneous 384-well microplates, using high-content microscopy imaging as the primary readout. Our main protocol is morphological profiling using multiplexed fluorescent dyes (Cell Painting) after cells being exposed to treatments with individual or combinations of chemical compounds, but we are increasingly using live cell imaging in brightfield for temporal analyses. In this presentation I will describe our open source efforts in automation, covering how we apply artificial intelligence / machine learning to design efficient multi-well and multi-plate experiments, and execute the generated protocols using robotics in our cell-based lab. I will also describe our approach to preprocess, filter, store and analyze the large amounts of images produced. An important application we are targeting is exploration of combination effects of drugs and environmental chemicals.
A Self-Adaptive Evolutionary Negative Selection Approach for Anom
This dissertation presents a self-adaptive evolutionary negative selection approach for anomaly detection. The negative selection algorithm generates detectors to differentiate between self (normal) and non-self (anomalous) states. However, it has drawbacks such as exponential runtime and redundant detectors. The NSMutation algorithm was proposed to address these issues but requires manual parameter tuning. This research develops a novel evolutionary negative selection algorithm called SANSAD that uses self-adaptive techniques to automatically optimize strategy parameters. The goal is to demonstrate that SANSAD can outperform NSMutation in computational time while maintaining detector quality through non-redundancy and not binding to self.
quasi experimental research
This document discusses experimental and quasi-experimental research designs. It outlines threats to internal and external validity, ways to control for these threats, and different types of experimental designs including pre-experimental, true experimental, quasi-experimental, time series, reversal, ex post facto, and single participant designs. The goal of experimental research is to establish cause and effect by controlling variables, selecting appropriate designs, and properly analyzing results.
Chi square test
The document discusses the Chi-square (χ2) test, which is a non-parametric test used to test hypotheses about distributions of frequencies across categories of data. It can be used to test for comparing variance and to test for independence between two variables. The summary provides steps for applying the Chi-square test, including calculating expected frequencies, observed vs expected values, the Chi-square statistic, and comparing it to critical values. An example application to test the effectiveness of vaccination in preventing smallpox is shown.
SPS'20 - Designing a Methodological Framework for the Empirical Evaluation of...
Presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Self-Protecting Systems (SPS'20).
Abstract:
Increasingly, cyber attacks against enterprises and governments make use of automated tools. For this reason, and given the importance of a timely protection, in the last decade there has been a push in researching methodologies to automate the full defense life-cycle of computer systems. The two core phases of this life-cycle are Intrusion Detection and Intrusion Response. However, while some progress has been done on the former, the latter is still at an early stage. This is due to several factors, among which the lack of a standardized methodology for the validation and comparison of Intrusion Response methodologies.
In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap by introducing a methodological framework for the quantitative empirical evaluation of self-protecting systems, based on the metrics of response time and cost. An experimental design is also provided and its applicability is illustrated by the means of a template experiment.
Assignment On Design Of Experiment
A randomized block design (RBD) is an experimental design where treatment factors are assigned to experimental units at random within each block. Blocking reduces variability between units by grouping similar units together. In an example RBD experiment comparing sales of new menu items, the restaurants were blocked by location to account for differences between locations. Statistical analysis found no significant difference between the mean sales of the three menu items, failing to reject the null hypothesis.
answers Science homework help.docx
The document provides examples of multiple choice questions related to research methods and scientific concepts. It covers topics like the key features of science, research design types, variables, ethics, measurement, and APA style. Several sample research studies are also described that could be classified by research method.
A Hybrid Immunological Search for theWeighted Feedback Vertex Set Problem
In this paper we present a hybrid immunological inspired algorithm (HYBRID-IA) for solving the Minimum Weighted Feedback Vertex Set (MWFVS) problem. MWFV S is one of the most interesting and challenging combinatorial optimization problem, which finds application in many fields and in many real life tasks. The proposed algorithm is inspired by the clonal selection principle, and therefore it takes advantage of the main strength characteristics of the operators of (i) cloning; (ii) hypermutation; and (iii) aging. Along with these operators, the algorithm uses a local search procedure, based on a deterministic approach, whose purpose is to refine the solutions found so far. In order to evaluate the efficiency and robustness of HYBRID-IA several experiments were performed on different instances, and for each instance it was compared to three different algorithms: (1) a memetic algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (MA); (2) a tabu search metaheuristic (XTS); and (3) an iterative tabu search (ITS). The obtained results prove the efficiency and reliability of HYBRID-IA on all instances in term of the best solutions found and also similar performances with all compared algorithms, which represent nowadays the state-of-the-art on for MWFV S problem.
02 designing of experiments and analysis of data in plant genetic resource ma...
02 designing of experiments and analysis of data in plant genetic resource ma...Indranil Bhattacharjee
This document discusses experimental design considerations for plant genetic resource evaluation trials. Such trials aim to identify promising new germplasm by comparing test treatments (new selections) to control treatments (existing varieties). Key challenges include limited seed availability and a large number of accessions to test. Augmented designs are commonly used, with test treatments unreplicated and controls replicated in blocks. Indices are developed to objectively compare test and control yields while accounting for spatial heterogeneity. Multivariate analysis and genetic distance measures can further characterize genetic diversity among accessions. Combined analysis of multi-location trials tests for genotype by environment interaction and identifies broadly adaptable lines.Basics statistics
This is the presentation of the BITS training session on "Essential statistics".
View more material on http://www.bits.vib.be/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17203865:essential-statistics&catid=81:training-pages&Itemid=190
Research design
The document discusses research design and methodology. It defines research design as involving decisions about what topic to study, within what population, using what methods and for what purpose. The components of research design include the purpose, type of investigation, extent of manipulation, unit and sampling design, measurement, time horizon, data collection and analysis methods. Different types of research designs are also outlined, including survey, field, and experimental designs. Experimental designs can be quasi-experimental or true experimental, with examples like pre-test/post-test or Solomon four-group designs.
Biology Ch 1
The document discusses key concepts in biology including the definition of biology as the study of life. It defines organisms and lists the characteristics of living things. It also defines species and discusses the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. The scientific method is introduced as a process used to gather information and solve problems through observation, research, developing a hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, conclusions, and repetition to verify findings. Key parts of an experiment like the experimental set-up, control set-up, independent variable, dependent variable, and constants are defined. Finally, it distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative types of information and introduces the International System of Measurements.
Experimental research design.revised
The document outlines the components of an experimental research design, including defining the problem, collecting data through instruments and procedures with participants, analyzing the data, interpreting the results, and drawing a conclusion. It provides an example of a study that examined the effects of training seminars on student teachers' classroom management skills by randomly assigning students to conditions and measuring outcomes through ratings and evaluations.
Experimental Design
Experimental design involves planning experiments to obtain valid and objective conclusions while minimizing errors and costs. Key aspects of experimental design include selecting treatments, specifying the layout, assigning treatments to experimental units, and collecting observations for analysis. Common types of designs include completely randomized designs, randomized complete block designs, Latin square designs, and factorial designs. Analysis of variance techniques like t-tests, z-tests, F-tests, and Duncan's multiple range tests are used to analyze experimental data and compare treatment means. Proper experimental design helps maximize information gained from experiments.
Top 50 ML Ques & Ans.pdf
Machine learning is a branch of computer science that deals with systems that can learn and improve automatically through experience. The document discusses key machine learning concepts like overfitting, cross-validation techniques to avoid overfitting, supervised vs unsupervised learning, and popular machine learning algorithms like decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines. It also covers ensemble methods, dimensionality reduction techniques, and applications of machine learning in areas like computer vision and natural language processing.
Similar to Biometry question and answer (20)
Automating cell-based screening with open source, robotics and AI
Automating cell-based screening with open source, robotics and AI
A Self-Adaptive Evolutionary Negative Selection Approach for Anom
A Self-Adaptive Evolutionary Negative Selection Approach for Anom
SPS'20 - Designing a Methodological Framework for the Empirical Evaluation of...
SPS'20 - Designing a Methodological Framework for the Empirical Evaluation of...
A Hybrid Immunological Search for theWeighted Feedback Vertex Set Problem
A Hybrid Immunological Search for theWeighted Feedback Vertex Set Problem
02 designing of experiments and analysis of data in plant genetic resource ma...
02 designing of experiments and analysis of data in plant genetic resource ma...
More from musadoto
The design of Farm cart 0011 report 1 2020
This report describes the best designing of a 200cc FARM CART MACHINE which will be useful to the farm fields due to the fact that, the purchase, repair and maintenance are affordable to all level of income earners. Despite the cost effectiveness of the machine, the report also tries to justify that the machine can be used multipurposely as it serves the purposes of been used as farm transport, mowering machine, boom spraying and or mini planter with two rows. All these can be achieved as long as the implements are attached with respect to the power capacity of the farm cart.
The report tells only the design and testing of machine excluding its farm implements design. Some best reviews from other study projects done by other people in the world provided a good reference for designing and implementation of this project. The project is initially costly because it needs to develop a prototype and test the different first ideas.
The project report describes the important of choosing to use the designed farm cart machine compared to other farm machines at the market which are most efficiently to be used by farmers in their fields.
The challenges are inevitable in any project, here in designing of this 200cc farm machine, the major issue is the funding because the fund for this project is from the pocket which is always insufficient as it depends to the meals and accommodation money distribution sponsored from the HIGH EDUCATION STUDENTS LOAN BOARD (HESLB) thus it takes longer to accomplish the project by waiting another quarter of the semester to continue with the project which affects the other part of normal life(in terms of meals and accommodation).
The report recommends that, the department of engineering sciences and technology and Sokoine University of Agriculture as a whole should invest into this technology by utilizing fully the idea and funding the project for more better improvement so as to attain the desired standard that can with stand the different farm field factors. These when taken into consideration there is a possibility to achieve the industrialization policy in our country and thereafter it is a better approach to modern agriculture.
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND DESIGN - IWRE 317 questions collection 1997 - 2018 ...
This document contains sample exam questions for a course on irrigation systems design. It includes multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of key irrigation concepts. Some example questions are on pump characteristics, calculating water requirements for drip and sprinkler systems, estimating consumptive water use, and determining system efficiencies. The document provides a compilation of past exam questions from 1997 to 2018 to help students prepare for tests.
CONSTRUCTION [soil treatment, foundation backfill, Damp Proof Membrane[DPM] a...
With reference to a construction site visited recently, describe in details key features
that can be observed on site as follows
Foundations backfilling, hardcore, soil treatment, DPM and BRC works prior
to pouring oversite concrete
CONSTRUCTION [soil treatment, foundation backfill, Damp Proof Membrane[DPM] and BRC for engineers (civil)
BASICS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING-TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2018
Self- Check 1
Which of the following are Pascal reserved words, standard identifiers, valid identifiers, invalid identifiers?
end ReadLn Bill
program Sues‟s Rate
Start begin const
Y=Z Prog#2 &Up
First Name „MaxScores‟ A*B
CostaMesa,CA Barnes&Noble CONST
XYZ123 ThisIsALongOne 123XYZANSWER
ANSWERS
Paschal reserved words:
begin, end, program, Start, CONST, const
Standard identifiers:
ReadLn, „MaxScores‟, Bill, Rate
Valid identifiers:
XYZ123, ThisIsALongOne, A*B, Y=Z, CostaMesa, CA, First Name
Invalid identifiers:
123XYZ, Sues‟s, &UpFirstName, Barnes&Noble, Prog#2
Self- Check 2
Which of the following literal values are legal and what are their types? Which are illegal and why?
15 „XYZ‟ „*‟
$25.123 15; -999
.123 „x‟ “X”
„9‟ „-5‟ True
ANSWER:
The following values are legal and their type
Legal
Type
Illegal
15
Integer literal
$25.123
„XYZ‟
String Literal
.123
„X‟
Character Literal
„9‟
True
Boolean Literal
15;
-999
Integer Literal
-„5‟
Operator literal
„*‟
TP- Lecture 4.2
Self- Checked 1
Which of the following are valid program headings? Which are invalid and why?
(i) Program program; - INVALID using reserved ID
(ii) program 2ndCourseInCS; -INVALID because starts with digit
(iii) program PascalIsFun;- VALID program heading
(iv) program Rainy Day; -INVALID – contains space
Self- Checked 2
Rewrite the following code so that it has no syntax errors and follows the writing conventions we adopted
(i) Program SMALL;
VAR X, Y, Z : real;
BEGIN
Y := 15.0;
Z := -Y + 3.5;
X :=Y + z;
writeln (x, Y, z);
END.
ANSWER:
Program
ENGINEERING SYSTEM DYNAMICS-TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2018
1. Read Chapter 4 – System Dynamics for Mechanical Engineers by Matthew Davies and Tony L. Schmitz and implement Examples 4.1 to 4.12 in Matlab.
2. Read Chapter 7 – System Dynamics for Mechanical Engineers by Matthew Davies and Tony L. Schmitz and implement Examples 7.1 to 7.11 in Matlab.
3. Read Chapter 9 – System Dynamics for Mechanical Engineers by Matthew Davies and Tony L. Schmitz and implement Examples 9.1 to 9.6 in Matlab.
4. Read Chapter 11 – System Dynamics for Mechanical Engineers by Matthew Davies and Tony L. Schmitz and implement Examples 11.1 to 11.7 in Matlab.
5. Read Chapter 2 - System Dynamics for Engineering Students: Concepts and Applications by Nicolae Lobontiu and attempt problem 2.18 (page 63).
6. Read Chapter 3 - System Dynamics for Engineering Students: Concepts and Applications by Nicolae Lobontiu and attempt problem 3.13 (pp 98 - 100).
7. Read Chapter 4 - System Dynamics for Engineering Students: Concepts and Applications by Nicolae Lobontiu and attempt problem 4.20 (page 146).
8. Read Chapter 5 - System Dynamics for Engineering Students: Concepts and Applications by Nicolae Lobontiu and attempt problems 5.15 (page 198), 5.21 (pp 199 - 200) and 5.27 (pp 201 – 202).
Hardeninig of steel (Jominy test)-CoET- udsm
The document describes a Jominy end-quench test experiment to measure the hardenability of two steel samples. Steel samples A and C were heated to the austenite temperature and quenched with water at one end. Hardness measurements using the Rockwell C scale were taken at intervals along the samples. Sample A showed little variation in hardness, while hardness decreased with distance from the quenched end for sample C. A graph of hardness versus distance revealed that sample A has higher hardenability, retaining hardness further from the quenched end. The hardenability indices at 50HRC were determined to be 2mm, 5mm, and 6.5mm from the graph.
Ultrasonic testing report-JUNE 2018
1.1 The aim of the experiment
The aim of the experiment is to test the usefulness of the ultrasonic waves, by passing them through different
solids one can find out a lot of physical properties like young’s modulus , defects, Poisson ratio, Velocity of
sound in respective material this is due to the response of the received ultrasonic waves.
1.2 Theory of experiment
Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.
Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors.
Ae 219 - BASICS OF PASCHAL PROGRAMMING-2017 test manual solution
Whether the Pascal program is small or large, it must have a specific structure. This
program consists mainly of one statement (WRITELN) which does the actual work
here, as it displays whatever comes between the parentheses. The statement is
included inside a frame starting with the keyword BEGIN and ending with the keyword
END. This is called the program main body (or the program block) and usually
contains the main logic of data processing.
Fluid mechanics ...
1. The background of Fluid Mechanics
2. Fields of Fluid mechanics
3. Introduction and Basic concepts
4. Properties of Fluids
5. Pressure and fluid statics
6. Hydrodynamics
Fluid mechanics (a letter to a friend) part 1 ...
1. The background of Fluid Mechanics
2. Fields of Fluid mechanics
3. Introduction and Basic concepts
4. Properties of Fluids
5. Pressure and fluid statics
6. Hydrodynamics
Fluids mechanics (a letter to a friend) part 1 ...
1. The background of Fluid Mechanics
2. Fields of Fluid mechanics
3. Introduction and Basic concepts
4. Properties of Fluids
5. Pressure and fluid statics
6. Hydrodynamics
Fresh concrete -building materials for engineers
CONCRETE
is a building Material made from a mixture of gravel ,sand ,cement,water and air ,forming a stone like mass on hardenning.
FRESH CONCRETE
It is a concrete that has not reached the final setting time.
surveying- lecture notes for engineers
Course Contents:
Introduction; Linear measurements; Analysis and adjustment of measurements, Survey methods: coordinate systems, bearings, horizontal control, traversing, triangulation, detail surveying; Orientation and position; Areas and volumes; Setting out; Curve ranging; Global Positioning system (GPS); Photogrammetry.
Fresh concrete -building materials for engineers
General introduction
CONCRETE
is a building Material made from a mixture of gravel ,sand ,cement,water and air ,forming a stone like mass on hardenning.
FRESH CONCRETE
It is a concrete that has not reached the final setting time.
DIESEL ENGINE POWER REPORT -AE 215 -SOURCES OF FARM POWER
The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression (adiabatic compression). Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously. This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. In diesel engines, glow plugs (combustion chamber pre-warmers) may be used to aid starting in cold weather, or when the engine uses a lower compression-ratio, or both. The original diesel engine operates on the "constant pressure" cycle of gradual combustion and produces no audible knock.
A diesel engine built by MAN AG in 1906
Detroit Diesel timing
Fairbanks Morse model 32
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency (engine efficiency) of any practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high expansion ratio and inherent lean burn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided compared to two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburned fuel is not present at valve overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.[1][2
Farm and human power REPORT - AE 215-SOURCES OF FARM POWER
Farm is an area of land and its building, used for growing crops a rearing of animals or an area of land
that is devoted primarily of agricultural process with the primary objective of producing food and other
commercial crops. Or an area of water that is devoted primarily to agricultural process in order to
produce and manage such commodities as fibers, grains, livestock or fuel.
The process of working the ground, planting seeds and growing of planting known as farming.it can
described s raising of animals for milk and meat as farming.
ENGINE POWER PETROL REPORT-AE 215-SOURCES OF FARM POWER
What is an Engine?
Before knowing about how the Petrol Engine works, let's first understand what an engine is. This is common for both petrol and diesel engines alike. An engine is a power generating machine which converts potential energy of the fuel into heat energy and then into motion. It produces power and also runs on its own power.
The engine generates its power by burning the fuel in a self-regulated and controlled „Combustion‟ process. The combustion process involves many sub-processes which burn the fuel efficiently and results in the smooth running of the engine.
These processes include:
The suction of air (also known as breathing or aspiration).
Mixing of the fuel with air after breaking the liquid fuel into highly atomized / mist form.
Igniting the air-fuel mixture with a spark (petrol engine).
Burning of highly atomized fuel particles which results in releasing / ejection of heat energy.
How does an Engine work?
The engine converts Heat Energy into Kinetic Energy in the form of „Reciprocating Motion‟. The expansion of heated gases and their forces act on the engine pistons. The gases push the pistons downwards which results in reciprocating motion of pistons.
This motion of the piston enables the crank-shaft to rotate. Thus, it finally converts the reciprocating motion into the 'Rotary motion' and passes on to wheels.
A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually mixed after compression (although some modern petrol engines now use cylinder-direct petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor, but now it is done by electronically controlled fuel injection, except in small engines where the cost/complication of electronics does not justify the added engine efficiency. The process differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in using spark plugs to initiate the combustion process. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed
TRACTOR POWER REPORT -AE 215 SOURCES OF FARM POWER 2018
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction. Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, but nowadays a great variety of tasks. Agricultural implements 0may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
The word Tractor is derived prior to 1900, the Machine were known as traction motor (pulling-machine).After the year 1900 both the words are joined by taking ‘Tract’ from Traction and ‘Tor” from motor calling it a Tractor.
In our Country tractors were started manufacturing in real sense after independence and at present we are self-sufficient in meeting demand of country’s requirement for tractors. Our country is basically an agricultural country where 75% of our population is directly or indirectly connected with agriculture. This cannot be produced with our conventional bullock pulled agricultural implements. Tractor is one of the basic agricultural machines
used for speeding up agriculture production.
WIND ENERGY REPORT AE 215- 2018 SOURCES OF FARM POWER
Wind is the flow of gases on large scale. On the surface of the earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases and charged particles from the sun though space, while planetary wind is the outgassing of light chemical from a planet’s atmosphere into space. Wind by their spatial scale, their speed, the type of force that cause them, the region in which they occur and their effect. The strongest observed winds on planet in solar system occur on Neptune and Saturn. Winds have various aspects, an important one being its velocity, density of the gas involved and energy content of the wind.
Wind is almost entirely caused by the effects of the sun which, each hour, delivers 175 million watts of energy to the earth. This energy heats the planet’s surface, most intensively at the equator, which causes air to rise. This rising air creates an area of low pressure at the surface into which cooler air is sucked, and it is this flow of air that we know as “wind”. In reality atmospheric circulation is much more complicated and, after rising at the equator air travels pole wards. As it travels the air cools and eventually descends to the earth’s surface at about 30° latitude (north and south), from where it returns once again to the equator (a closed loop known as a Hadley Cell). Similar cells exist between 30° and 60° latitude (the Ferrell Cells) and between 60° latitude and each of the poles (the Polar Cells). Within these cells, the flow of air is further impacted by the rotation of the earth or the "Coriolis Effect". This effect creates a sideways force which causes air to circulate anticlockwise around areas of low pressure in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere
In summary, the origin of winds may be traced basically to uneven heating of the earth’s surface due to sun. This may lead to circulation of widespread winds on a global basis, producing planetary winds or may have a limited influence in a smaller area to cause local winds.
More from musadoto (20)
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND DESIGN - IWRE 317 questions collection 1997 - 2018 ...
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND DESIGN - IWRE 317 questions collection 1997 - 2018 ...
CONSTRUCTION [soil treatment, foundation backfill, Damp Proof Membrane[DPM] a...
CONSTRUCTION [soil treatment, foundation backfill, Damp Proof Membrane[DPM] a...
BASICS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING-TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2018
BASICS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING-TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2018
ENGINEERING SYSTEM DYNAMICS-TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2018
ENGINEERING SYSTEM DYNAMICS-TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2018
Ae 219 - BASICS OF PASCHAL PROGRAMMING-2017 test manual solution
Ae 219 - BASICS OF PASCHAL PROGRAMMING-2017 test manual solution
Fluids mechanics (a letter to a friend) part 1 ...
Fluids mechanics (a letter to a friend) part 1 ...
DIESEL ENGINE POWER REPORT -AE 215 -SOURCES OF FARM POWER
DIESEL ENGINE POWER REPORT -AE 215 -SOURCES OF FARM POWER
Farm and human power REPORT - AE 215-SOURCES OF FARM POWER
Farm and human power REPORT - AE 215-SOURCES OF FARM POWER
ENGINE POWER PETROL REPORT-AE 215-SOURCES OF FARM POWER
ENGINE POWER PETROL REPORT-AE 215-SOURCES OF FARM POWER
TRACTOR POWER REPORT -AE 215 SOURCES OF FARM POWER 2018
TRACTOR POWER REPORT -AE 215 SOURCES OF FARM POWER 2018
WIND ENERGY REPORT AE 215- 2018 SOURCES OF FARM POWER
WIND ENERGY REPORT AE 215- 2018 SOURCES OF FARM POWER
Recently uploaded
Bossa N’ Roll Records by Ismael Vazquez.
Bossa N Roll Records presentation by Izzy Vazquez for Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Benner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
Recently uploaded (20)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
Biometry question and answer
- 1. BIOMETRY QUESTION AND ANSWER a) What isthe meaningof the following conceptsasusedinExperimental Design? i) Analysisof Variance :Is the statistical device forpartitioningthe total variationinto separate componentsthatmeasure differentsource of variations. ii) Treatments:These are procedureswhose effectare tobe measure andcomparedwith other procedures iii) Designof an Experiment: Isaplanset upto obtainrelevantinformationto answerthe research questionof interest. iv) Response:Isthe resultobserved foraparticularexperimental unit. v) Level:The variousvaluesorclassification of factorsare knownas the level of factors vi) Experimentalerror: Variationfromplotto plotwhichis due to randomfactorsbeyond humancontrol. vii) Randomizationprinciple:Isanessential principle inexperimental designinvolvesthe assignmentof treatmentstothe experimental unitsbase on chance mechanism. viii) Replicationprinciple,Refertothe number of time a treatmentappearinexperiment units. ix) Local control : Is the technique of reducingexperimental error bymeaningfully groupingof experimental unity