This document discusses proper waste disposal, specifically biomedical waste. It defines biomedical waste and notes its risk to public health and the environment if not properly handled. The document outlines the different types of waste and their appropriate treatment and disposal as defined by government rules, including incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. Proper waste segregation, storage, transportation, and treatment are essential to follow the law and prevent health and environmental risks.

1. BY:
AMRUTHA P,
3rd YEAR BSC
NURSING,
KIDWAI COLLEGE
OF NURSING.

2. DISPOSAL OF WASTE
Introduction:
Waste management is the
collection, transport, processing or disposal,
managing and monitoring of waste materials.
The term usually relates to materials produced
by human activity and the process is generally
undertaken to reduce their effect on health , the
environment or aesthetics.
Waste management is a distinct practise from
resource recovery which focuses on delaying
the rate of consumption of natural resources.

3. Definition:
‘Removing & destroying or strong
damaged, used or other unwanted
domestic, agricultural or industrial
products and substances. Disposal
includes burning. Burial at landfill sites
or at sea and recycling.”

4. Objectives:
•Public hygiene and health
•Reuse, Recovery and Recycle
•Energy generation
•Sustainable development
•Aesthetics

5. Solid Waste
Chemical Waste
Liquid Waste
Gaseous Waste
Organic Waste
Biomedical Waste
Types Of Waste

6. Waste generated during diagnosis, testing,
treatment, research or production of
biological products for humans or animals
Need For BMW Management
The hospital waste, in addition to the
risk for patients and person who
handle these wastes are threat to
public health and environment

7. BIOMEDICAL WASTE(MANAGEMENT &
HANDLING) RULES by Govt. of India ,1998
(Amended on 2000)
• Authoritative order to all the hospitals to
stop the indiscriminate disposal of waste and
ensure that it is treated in such a manner
that it should not harm the environment and
human health.
• All the BMW are to be segregated at the
point of generation

8. These rules apply to all persons who
generate, collect, receive, store, transport,
treat, dispose, or handle bio-medical waste
in any form includes a hospital, nursing
home, clinic, veterinary institutions,
animal house, pathological laboratory,
blood bank e.t.c.

9. Biomedical
waste
Non riskwaste
(75 to 90%)
Risk waste
(10- 25%)

10. CATEGORIES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE
OPTION WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
Category No. 1 Human AnatomicalWaste Incineration / deep burial
Category No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration / deep burial
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology
Waste
Local autoclaving / microwaving /
incineration
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps Disinfection by chemical treatmet/
autoclaving / microwaving
Category No. 5 Discarded Medicinesand
Cytoxic drugs
Incineration / destruction and
drugs disposal in securedlandfills
Category No. 6 Solid Waste Incineration / autoclaving /
microwaving
Category No. 7 Solid Waste Disinfection by chemical treatment
/ autoclaving / microwaving
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste Disinfection by chemical treatment
and discharge into drains.
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal landfill
Category No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment and discharge
into drains for liquids and secured
land for solids

12. Proper labeling of bins
The bins and bags should
carry the biohazard
symbol indicating the
nature of waste to the
patients and public.
Label shall be non-
washable and
proper visible

14. In an area away from general traffic and
accessible only to authorized personnel
DO NOT store for more than 48 hours
If for any reason it becomes necessary to store
the waste beyond such period take measures
to ensure that the waste does not adversely
affect human health and environment

15.  Transport by wheeled
trolleys/containers /carts only in
vehicles authorized for the purpose
 They should be
 Easy to load and unload
 No sharp edges
 Easy to clean
 Disinfect daily

16. If a container is
transported from the
premises where bio-
medical waste is generated
to any waste treatment
facility outside the
premises, it should be
transported in separate
vehicles with proper sign of
BIOHAZARD

17. Incineration
Burning of waste material in
the presence of oxygen.
Works at temperature (~
400–700°C).

18. 1 - THERMAL PROCESSES
A - Low-Heat Thermal Processes (93°C-177°C) Wet
heat (steam) disinfection - autoclave ,Dry heat (hot air)
disinfection - infrared heaters.
B - Medium-Heat Thermal Processes (177°C-
370°C) Chemical breakdown of organic material.
Reverse polymerization using high-intensity microwave
C - High-Heat Thermal Processes (540°C-8,300°C)
or higher Electrical resistance, induction, natural gas,
and/or plasma energy provide the intense heat ,total
destruction of the waste Significant change in the mass
and volume

19. 2 - CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Dissolved chlorine dioxide, bleach (sodium
hypochlorite), or dry inorganic chemicals.
Toenhance exposure of the waste to the chemical
agent, chemical processes often involve shredding,
grinding, or mixing.
3 - IRRADIATIVE PROCESSES
Electron beams,Cobalt-60, or UV irradiation.

22. CONCLUSION
If we want to protect our
environment and health of
community we must sensitize
ourselves to this important
issue not only in the interest
of health managers but also
in the interest of community.

23. THANK YOU